Power generation system utilizing turbine and fuel cell

• US 5,811,201 A
• Filed: 08/16/1996
• Issued: 09/22/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 08/16/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Southern California Edison Company (Edison International)
• Original Assignee: Southern California Edison Company (Edison International)
• Inventors: Skowronski, Mark J.
• Primary Examiner(s): VALENTINE, DONALD R
• Application Number:
  US08/689,702
• Time in Patent Office: 767 Days
• Field of Search: 429/16, 429/26, 429/30, 429/34, 429/17, 204/269, 204/270, 204/241, 204/274, 60/723
• US Class Current: 429/414
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2008/1293 Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2008/147 Fuel cells with molten carbonates
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2250/402 Combination of fuel cell with other electric generators combination of fuel cells with other electrochemical generator H01M16/003
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0008 Phosphoric acid-based
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0051 Carbonates
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0074 Ion conductive at high temperature
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0082 Organic polymers
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04 Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04014 Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04089 of gaseous reactants
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04111 using a compressor turbine assembly
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04701 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04746 Pressure; Flow
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 90/10 Applications of fuel cells in buildings
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 20/16 Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 429/90 Fuel cell including means for power conditioning, e.g. Conversion to ac

Abstract

A system for generating electricity comprises a fuel cell, a heating stage, and an integral, power generator. The power generator comprises a compressor, an electricity generator and a turbine. Hot exhaust gas from the fuel cell is used for driving the turbine, which in turn drives the generator and the compressor. Both the fuel cell and the generator produce electricity. The compressor is used for compressing air for use in the fuel cell. A portion of the waste heat from the turbine drive gas is used for preheating the air utilized in the fuel cell.

Claims

1. A process for generating electricity utilizing an integral, power generator comprising a compression stage, an electricity generation stage, and a turbine stage all on the same shaft, the process comprising the steps of:

(a) compressing an oxygen-containing gas in the compression stage;

(b) heating at least some of the compressed gas in a heating stage;

(c) introducing fuel and the compressed heated gas into a fuel cell for oxidizing the fuel therein to produce electricity, the fuel cell also producing hot exhaust gas;

(d) driving the turbine stage with a turbine drive gas comprising fuel cell exhaust gas, the turbine stage being driven at a speed of a least 50,000 rpm, the turbine stage driving the electricity generation stage and the compression stage, the generation stage generating alternating current electricity; and

(e) withdrawing spent fuel cell exhaust gas from the turbine stage and introducing the spent gas into the heating stage for heating the compressed oxygen-containing gas.

2. The process of claim 1 comprising the additional step of introducing water into the heating stage with compressed gas to increase the amount of heat recovered from the spent gas.

3. The process of claim 2 wherein the fuel cell produces water, and wherein the step of introducing water into the heating stage comprises introducing water produced by the fuel cell.

4. The process of claim 1 wherein the turbine drive gas comprises sufficient compressed oxygen-containing gas that the turbine drive gas has a temperature sufficiently low that the turbine stage is not damaged by the turbine drive gas.

5. The process of claim 4 wherein the fuel cell operates at a higher temperature than does the turbine stage.

6. The process of claim 1 wherein the fuel cell operates at a higher temperature than does the turbine stage.

7. The process of claim 1 comprising the step of rectifying the alternating current to direct current, and inverting both direct currents to low frequency alternating current.

8. The process of claim 1 wherein the low frequency alternating current electricity is at about 50 to about 60 Hz.

9. A process for generating electricity utilizing an integral, power generator comprising a compression stage, an electricity generation stage, and a turbine stage all on the same shaft, the process comprising the steps of:

(a) compressing an oxygen-containing gas in the compression stage;

(b) introducing compressed oxygen-containing gas and water into a heating stage to produce a hot, compressed, oxygen-containing gas;

(c) introducing a methane-containing fuel and the hot, compressed, oxygen-containing gas into a fuel cell for oxidizing the fuel therein to produce direct current electricity, the fuel cell also producing hot fuel cell exhaust gas;

(d) combining the fuel cell exhaust gas with sufficient compressed oxygen-containing gas to produce a turbine drive gas having a temperature sufficiently low that the turbine stage is not damaged by the turbine drive gas, and driving the turbine stage with turbine drive gas at a speed of a least 50,000 rpm so that the turbine stage drives the electricity generation stage and the compression stage, the generation stage generating high frequency alternating current electricity;

(e) withdrawing spent fuel cell exhaust gas from the turbine stage and introducing the spent gas into the heating stage for heating the compressed oxygen-containing gas; and

(f) rectifying the alternating current electricity to generator-produced direct current electricity, and inverting both the fuel cell-produced direct current electricity and the generator-produced direct current electricity to low-frequency alternating current.

10. A system for generating electricity comprising:

(a) an integral, power generator comprising a compressor, an electricity generator, and a turbine, all on the same shaft, the compressor having a gas inlet for introducing an oxygen-containing gas into the compressor to generate a compressed oxygen-containing gas;

(b) a heating stage for heating at least some of the compressed oxygen-containing gas;

(c) a fuel cell for converting a fuel, in the presence of an oxygen source, into direct current electrical energy, the fuel cell having a gas inlet for receiving heated compressed oxygen-containing gas from the heating stage for use in the fuel cell as the oxygen source, the fuel cell also producing a hot exhaust gas;

(d) wherein the turbine stage has an inlet for turbine drive gas comprising fuel cell exhaust gas so that the turbine drives the generator and the compressor, the generator generating alternating current electricity, and wherein the turbine stage has an outlet for hot spent drive gas; and

(e) wherein the heating stage has an inlet for the hot spent drive gas for heating the compressed oxygen-containing gas.

11. The system of claim 10 comprising a rectifier for rectifying the alternating current electricity to generator-produced direct current electricity.

12. The system of claim 11 comprising an invertor for inverting both the fuel cell-produced direct current electricity and the generator-produced direct current electricity to low-frequency alternating current.

13. The system of claim 10 comprising a mixer for mixing the fuel cell exhaust gas with sufficient compressed oxygen-containing gas to produce a turbine drive gas having a temperature sufficiently low that the turbine stage is not damaged by the turbine drive gas.