Holograms having a standard reference color

• US 5,812,287 A
• Filed: 12/08/1994
• Issued: 09/22/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 06/08/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Istituto Poligrafico E Zecca Dello Stato
• Original Assignee: Istituto Poligrafico E Zecca Dello Stato
• Inventors: Vivarelli, Ulisse
• Primary Examiner(s): Dzierzynski, Paul M.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Schuberg, Darren E.
• Application Number:
  US08/351,287
• Time in Patent Office: 1,384 Days
• Field of Search: 359/2, 359/10, 359/22, 359/24, 359/28, 359/32, 359/34, 359/1, 359/15, 356/347, 356/402, 356/403, 356/407, 356/408, 283/85, 283/86
• US Class Current: 359/2
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 11/26 for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 1/2286 Particular reconstruction light G03H1/24 takes precedence; Beam properties
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 1/24 using white light , e.g. rainbow holograms
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 2001/2263 Multicoloured holobject
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 2001/2268 Rainbow hologram

Abstract

Holograms and diffraction gratings are described wherein the presence of a "key-colour" (Magenta) permits an observer to identify the position where all the other colours of the hologram in question can be univocally determined. Two set of spectra are provided such that at a predetermined angle a reference beam of incident white-light illuminating the hologram or diffraction grating composition will cause the observer to see the color "Magenta" which is to be used as a reference "key-colour".

Claims

1. A process for identifying a playback position of a diffracting composition, comprising

providing a diffracting composition comprising a predetermined image and a reference colour produced by overlapping a first and second zone of spectral dispersion wherein the predetermined image is visible when the reference colour is visible;

and

viewing the diffracting composition from a position at which the reference colour is visible.

2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the first and second zones of spectral dispersion overlap at an extreme end just prior to the infra-red of the visible spectrum of the first zone and an extreme end just prior to the ultra-violet of the visible spectrum of the second zone.

3. The process according to claim 1 wherein the first and second zones of spectral dispersion are produced by consecutive exposures by a reference beam in conjunction with an object beam which is displaced by a predetermined amount between the two consecutive exposures.

4. The process according to claim 1, wherein the reference colour disappears upon at least one of a slight tilting of the hologram surface, a slight vertical displacement in viewing position, or a slight change in angle of illuminating radiation.

5. A process for confirming the authenticity of a hologram comprising,

providing a hologram comprising a known predetermined colour or image and a reference colour produced by overlapping a first and second zone of spectral dispersion wherein the predetermined colour or image is visible when the reference colour is visible;

viewing the hologram from a position in which the reference colour is visible; and

verifying that at the position at which the reference colour is visible, a colour or image corresponding to the known predetermined colour or image appears.

6. The process according to claim 5, wherein the known predetermined colour is at least part of the known predetermined image.

7. The process according to claim 5, wherein the first and second zones of spectral dispersion overlap at an extreme end just prior to the infra-red of the visible spectrum of the first zone and an extreme end just prior to the ultra-violet of the visible spectrum of the second zone.

8. The process according to claim 5, wherein the first and second zones of spectral dispersion are produced by consecutive exposures by a reference beam in conjunction with an object beam which is displaced by a predetermined amount between the two consecutive exposures.

9. The process according to claim 5, wherein the reference colour disappears upon at least one of a slight tilting of the hologram surface, a slight vertical displacement in viewing position, or a slight change in angle of illuminating radiation.

10. A process for confirming the authenticity of an article comprising,

providing an article having affixed thereto a hologram comprising a known predetermined colour or image and a reference colour produced by overlapping a first and second zone of spectral dispersion wherein the predetermined colour or image is visible when the reference colour is visible;

viewing the hologram from a position at which the reference colour is visible; and

verifying that at the position in which said reference colour is visible, a colour or image corresponding to the known predetermined colour or image appears.

11. The process according to claim 10, wherein the known predetermined colour is at least part of the known predetermined image.

12. The process according to claim 10, wherein the first and second zones of spectral dispersion overlap at an extreme end just prior to the infra-red of the visible spectrum of the first zone and an extreme end just prior to the ultra-violet of the visible spectrum of the second zone.

13. The process according to claim 10, wherein the first and second zones of spectral dispersion are produced by consecutive exposures by a reference beam in conjunction with an object beam which is displaced by a predetermined amount between the two consecutive exposures.

14. The process according to claim 10, wherein the reference colour disappears upon at least one of a slight tilting of the hologram surface, a slight vertical displacement in viewing position, or a slight change in angle of illuminating radiation.

15. The process according to claim 10 wherein the article is a document.

16. A hologram comprising a predetermined colour or image and a reference colour, wherein the predetermined colour or image is visible when the reference colour is visible, said reference colour being obtained by overlapping a first and a second zone of spectral dispersion.

17. The hologram of claim 16, wherein the predetermined colour is at least part of the predetermined image.

18. The hologram of claim 16, wherein the first and second zones of spectral dispersion overlap at an extreme end just prior to the infra-red of the visible spectrum of the first zone and an extreme end just prior to the ultra-violet of the visible spectrum of the second zone.

19. The hologram of claim 16 wherein the first and second zones of spectral dispersion are produced by consecutive exposures by a reference beam in conjunction with an object beam which is displaced by a predetermined amount between the two consecutive exposures.

20. The hologram of claim 16, wherein the reference colour disappears upon at least one of a slight tilting of the hologram, a slight vertical displacement in viewing position, or a slight change in angle of illuminating radiation.

21. An article comprising the hologram of claim 16.

22. A document comprising the hologram of claim 16.

23. A process for identifying a playback position of a hologram, comprising

providing a hologram comprising a predetermined image and a reference colour produced by overlapping a first and second zone of spectral dispersion wherein the predetermined image is visible when the reference colour is visible;

and

viewing the hologram from a position at which the reference colour is visible.

24. The process according to claim 23, wherein the first and second zones of spectral dispersion overlap at an extreme end just prior to the infra-red of the visible spectrum of the first zone and an extreme end just prior to the ultra-violet of the visible spectrum of the second zone.

25. The process according to claim 23 wherein the first and second zones of spectral dispersion are produced by consecutive exposures by a reference beam in conjunction with an object beam which is displaced by a predetermined amount between the two consecutive exposures.

26. A diffracting composition comprising a predetermined colour or image and a reference colour, wherein the predetermined colour or image is visible when the reference colour is visible, said reference colour being obtained by overlapping a first and a second zone of spectral dispersion.

27. The diffracting composition of claim 26, wherein the predetermined colour is at least part of the predetermined image.

28. The diffracting composition of claim 26, wherein the first and second zones of spectral dispersion overlap at an extreme end just prior to the infra-red of the visible spectrum of the first zone and an extreme end just prior to the ultra-violet of the visible spectrum of the second zone.

29. The diffracting composition of claim 26 wherein the first and second zones of spectral dispersion are produced by consecutive exposures by a reference beam in conjunction with an object beam which is displaced by a predetermined amount between the two consecutive exposures.

30. The diffracting composition of claim 26, wherein the reference colour disappears upon at least one of a slight tilting of the hologram, a slight vertical displacement in viewing position, or a slight change in angle of illuminating radiation.

31. An article comprising the diffracting composition of claim 26.

32. A document comprising the diffracting composition of claim 26.