Method and device for synchronization at OFDM-system

• US 5,812,523 A
• Filed: 03/30/1995
• Issued: 09/22/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 03/01/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Intellectual Ventures I LLC (Intellectual Ventures LLC)
• Original Assignee: Telia AB (Government of Norway)
• Inventors: Engstroem, Bo, Isaksson, Mikael
• Primary Examiner(s): HSU, ALPUS
• Application Number:
  US08/413,423
• Time in Patent Office: 1,272 Days
• Field of Search: 370/203, 370/206, 370/208, 370/210, 370/480, 370/497, 370/503, 370/516, 370/520, 375/200, 375/205, 375/208, 375/210, 375/260, 375/261, 375/267, 375/344, 375/347, 375/351, 375/362, 375/365, 375/366, 375/371, 375/373, 375/375, 375/376
• US Class Current: 370/208
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2657 Carrier synchronisation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2662 Symbol synchronisation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2665 Fine synchronisation, e.g. by positioning the FFT window

Abstract

A method of demultiplexing OFDM signals and a receiver for such signals. More particularly the method is concerned with synchronization in an OFDM receiver. A signal is read into a synchronization unit, in the time domain, i.e., before fourier transforming the signal by means of an FFT processor. In the synchronization unit, a frame clock is derived for triggering the start of the FFT process and for controlling the rate at which data is supplied to the FFT processor. For OFDM reception, it is vital that the FFT process commences at the right point in time. Once the frame clock has been recovered, a frequency error can be estimated by the synchronization unit. The frequency error is used to control; an oscillator which generates a complex rotating vector which is, in turn, multiplied with the signal to compensate for frequency errors. The method can be used both with OFDM systems in which symbols are separated by guard spaces, and with OFDM systems in which symbols are pulse shaped.

Claims

1. A method of demultiplexing an OFDM signal, the method comprising the steps of:

digitizing the OFDM signal;

deriving a frame clock from the OFDM signal;

synchronizing a fast fourier transform analysis with the frame clock;

compensating for a frequency error in the OFDM signal by using a frequency error signal; and

performing the fast fourier analysis synchronized with the frame clock.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the step of modulating the OFDM signal with a stream of symbols, including repeating part of each symbol of the stream of symbols adjacent to the each symbol.

3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step of modulating comprises separating each symbol of the stream of symbols from the adjacent symbol by a guard space, and

wherein the steps of deriving the frame clock and compensating for the frequency error signal are by cross-correlation between the stream of symbols and repeated portions thereof, falling within said guard space.

4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the step of synchronizing comprises delaying a copy of the OFDM time domain signal by a symbol length so that samples to the cross-correlated are aligned in time.

5. The method as claimed in claim 4, the step of synchronizing comprises producing, by multiplication and calculation of a sliding mean, a cross-correlation signal from which said frame clock and said frequency error are derived.

6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step of synchronizing comprises:

delaying the OFDM signal by a signal length;

calculating a complex conjugate of the OFDM signal;

multiplying the complex conjugate by the delayed OFDM signal to give a second signal;

delaying said second signal by a number of sample intervals corresponding to the repeated part of said symbol;

subtracting the delayed second signal from the second signal, to create a third signal; and

integrating said third signal to generate a fourth signal which is filtered cross-correlation sequence.

7. The method as claimed in claim 6, further comprising the steps of calculating an absolute value of said fourth signal to obtain a periodic signal;

and utilizing maximum absolute values of said fourth signal as said frame clock.

8. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step of compensating for the frequency error signal comprises determining the frequency error signal by calculating the cross-correlation phase when the cross-correlation is at a maximum.

9. A method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the step of determining the frequency error signal comprises determining the cross-correlation phase proportionally to the symbol length and the frequency error.

10. A system for the transmission and reception of OFDM data signals in which said OFDM data signals are demultiplexed according to a method as claimed in claim 1.

11. An OFDM receiver, arranged to demultiplex an OFDM signal, said OFDM receiver comprising:

an A/D convertor for digitizing said OFDM signal,

synchronization means for performing a cross-correlation of said OFDM signal and for outputting a frame clock,

a phase locked loop for producing a synchronized digitized OFDM signal, and

a FFT processor, arranged to receive said synchronized digitized OFDM signal based on said frame clock and to demultiplex said synchronized digitized OFDM signal based on said frame clock.

12. An OFDM receiver as claimed in claim 11, wherein said synchronization means comprises a generator for generating a frame clock, said frame clock driving said FFT processor.

13. An OFDM receiver as claimed in claim 11, wherein said synchronization means comprises a generator for generating a frequency error signal by cross-correlation, the frequency error signal being used to compensate for a frequency error in the OFDM signal.

14. An OFDM receiver as claimed in claim 11, wherein said synchronization means comprises:

a symbol length delay line for forming a delayed OFDM signal,

conjugation means for forming a complex conjugate of the OFDM signal that has not been delayed,

a multiplier for multiplying said complex conjugate with a corresponding part of the delayed OFDM signal,

averaging means for forming a sliding means of an output of said multiplier, the sliding mean being used to generate a synchronization signal including the frame clock and the frequency error signal.

15. An OFDM receiver as claimed in claim 14 wherein the averaging means comprises:

a shift register for shifting an input signal by a number of steps corresponding to a repeat length of a symbol,

substraction means for subtracting the shifted input signal from the input signal, and

integrating means for integrating an output from said subtraction means.

16. An OFDM receiver as claimed in claim 15, wherein said synchronization means comprises:

an absolute value means for calculating an absolute value of an output of said integrating means, an output of said absolute value means comprising a sequence of triangular pulses from which said frame clock is derived, said frame clock being used to drive said FFT processor.

17. An OFDM receiver as claimed in claim 16, wherein said synchronization means generates said frequency error signal by determining a cross-correlation phase.

18. An OFDM receiver as claimed in claim 17, wherein said synchronization means generates said frequency error signal at a cross-correlation maximum.

19. A system for the transmission and reception of OFDM data signals including an OFDM receiver as claimed in claim 11.