Method and apparatus for removing a molten slag with a vacuum from a chamber

• US 5,812,586 A
• Filed: 06/19/1996
• Issued: 09/22/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 06/19/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Retech Systems LLC
• Original Assignee: Lockheed Martin Advanced Environmental Systems
• Inventors: Schlienger, Max P.
• Primary Examiner(s): HOANG, TU BA
• Application Number:
  US08/666,036
• Time in Patent Office: 825 Days
• Field of Search: 373/8-9, 373/18-20, 373/79, 373/142, 373/78, 266/37-45, 266/242, 75/582, 75/584
• US Class Current: 373/18
• CPC Class Codes: B22D 43/008 by suction
• CPC Class Codes: C22B 4/005 using plasma jets smelting, remelting, refining of metals using a plasma as heat source C22B9/22; generating or handling plasma in general H05H1/00; gas-filled discharge tubes for processing materials in general H01J37/32
• CPC Class Codes: C22B 9/02 Refining by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling, or supersonic wave action including acoustic waves; C22B9/003, C22B9/006, C22B9/05, C22B9/22 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F27D 3/1572 by suction
• CPC Class Codes: F27D 9/00 Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein F27D1/00, F27D3/00 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 10/20 Recycling

Abstract

Slag from a pool of molten slag floating on molten metal in a plasma arc treatment chamber is removed by providing a slag container located inside the chamber which has a slag intake pipe extending from a bottom of the container downwardly into the slag pool. A vacuum line is connected to the top of the container and a vacuum source. When a vacuum is applied to the inside of the container, the pressure prevailing in the chamber pushes the slag from the pool through the intake pipe into the container. When the container becomes filled with molten slag, the latter enters a section of the line communicating the top of the container with the vacuum source. As the slag enters the pipe section, it is cooled and solidified to prevent further slag flow into or gas (air) flow through the vacuum line so that the container can be lifted out of the chamber while the slag in the container is still in its molten state without causing slag spillage.

Claims

1. A method for removing molten slag from a furnace comprising the steps of:

providing a vacuum chamber which is sealed from its surroundings;

positioning the vacuum chamber within the furnace;

establishing flow communication between the molten slag and the vacuum chamber;

generating a vacuum in the vacuum chamber so that the slag is drawn into the vacuum chamber;

thereafter discontinuing the steps of establishing flow communication; and

retaining in the vacuum chamber the molten slag previously drawn into the vacuum chamber.

3. A method according to claim 1 including the step of fluidly connecting the vacuum chamber with a vacuum source located outside the furnace.

4. A method according to claim 3 including the step of providing a conduit extending from the vacuum chamber to the vacuum source, and wherein the step of retaining comprises flowing molten slag into the conduit and solidifying it in the conduit.

5. A method according to claim 4 including the step of positioning a location of the solidified slag at a height above a surface level of the molten slag in the furnace which is selected so that a difference between a pressure prevailing in the furnace and in the chamber exceeds a pressure differential in the molten slag between molten slag contiguous to the slag which has been solidified and the molten slag in the furnace.

6. A method according to claim 4 wherein the step of solidifying includes a step of cooling a portion of the conduit between the chamber and the vacuum source at a location selected for solidifying the molten slag that is located within the conduit.

7. A method according to claim 1 including the step of removing the chamber from the furnace.

8. A method according to claim 7 wherein the step of generating a vacuum comprises providing a conduit from the chamber to a source of vacuum located on an exterior of the furnace, and including the steps of flowing a portion of the molten slag into the conduit, solidifying the portion of the slag while in the conduit, and thereafter disconnecting the conduit from the source prior to the step of removing the chamber from the furnace.

9. A method according to claim 3 including blocking fluid communication between the chamber and the vacuum source to therewith prevent further flow of molten slag between the interior of the chamber and the furnace.

2. A method for removing from a furnace molten slag floating on molten metal comprising the steps of:

providing a vacuum chamber which is sealed from its surroundings;

positioning the vacuum chamber within the furnace;

establishing flow communication between the molten slag and the vacuum chamber;

generating a vacuum in the vacuum chamber so that the slag is drawn into the vacuum chamber;

thereafter discontinuing the step of establishing flow communication; and

retaining in the vacuum chamber the slag previously drawn into the vacuum chamber.

10. A method of withdrawing molten slag from a plasma arc centrifugal furnace having an upwardly open rotor including a base, a wall extending upwardly from the base, molten metal and molten slag which float on the metal, and a housing enclosing the rotor, the method comprising the steps of positioning a slag container within the housing having a first opening at a lower end of the container and a second opening at an upper end of the container;

placing the first opening inside the molten slag pool;

applying a sufficient vacuum to the second opening so that a pressure differential between an interior of the housing and an interior of the slag container causes molten slag to flow into the container until the molten slag reaches the second opening;

freezing a portion of the molten slag in a vicinity of the second opening while the vacuum is applied so as to close the second opening and prevent fluid communication via the second opening between the interior of the slag container and an exterior thereof; and

thereafter removing the container from the interior of the housing;

whereby molten slag in the container is withdrawn from the interior of the housing without flowing out of the housing through the first opening.

11. A method according to claim 10 including the step of extending a conduit from the lower end of the container downwardly into the molten slag pool so that a lower end of the conduit defines the first opening.

12. A method according to claim 10 including the step of thermally insulating the interior of the slag container from the interior of the housing.

13. A method according to claim 10 including the step of providing a vacuum source on an exterior of the housing, providing a conduit communicating an upper end of the slag container with the vacuum source so that the conduit defines the second opening, and wherein the step of freezing comprises flowing a portion of the molten slag into the conduit, and freezing the portion of the slag while in the conduit.

14. A method according to claim 13 wherein the conduit is a generally cylindrical conduit, and including the step of flattening a section of the conduit proximate the upper end of the slag container to thereby facilitate the freezing of the portion of the slag.

15. A method according to claim 13 wherein the step of freezing the portion of the slag comprises cooling a section of the conduit where the portion is located with a coolant.

16. A metal treatment furnace comprising a base;

a furnace wall extending upwardly from the base;

a heating device for heating metal and slag placed in the furnace;

a slag container positioned within the furnace having a lower opening extending into the slag pool and an upper opening located above the slag pool;

a vacuum source; and

a vacuum conduit communicating the upper opening of the slag container with the vacuum source so that the insertion of the lower opening of the slag container into the molten slag and the application of the vacuum to the conduit causes molten slag to flow from the furnace into the container such that the molten slag may be removed within the container from the furnace.

17. Apparatus according to claim 16 including means for freezing molten slag which has entered the conduit in a vicinity of an interface between the slag container and the conduit.

18. Apparatus according to claim 16 including thermal insulation on the container for limiting a heat transfer between an interior of the furnace and an interior of the slag container.

19. Apparatus according to claim 16 wherein a vertical distance between the lower and upper openings is selected so that the molten slag can flow into the conduit under the vacuum applied by the vacuum source.

20. Apparatus according to claim 16 wherein the slag container comprises a drum having an upper closed end and a lower closed end, and wherein the lower opening is defined by a lower conduit extending from the lower closed end of the drum into the molten slag.

21. Apparatus according to claim 16 wherein the furnace comprises a rotary plasma arc furnace.

22. A furnace according to claim 16 wherein at least a section of the vacuum conduit proximate the upper end of the slag container has a cross-section which substantially prevents a flow of molten slag from the container into a remainder of the conduit.

23. A furnace according to claim 22 including a refractory plug in the conduit defining said cross-section of the conduit.

24. A method for removing molten slag comprising the steps of:

providing a vacuum chamber which is sealed from its surroundings, wherein the vacuum chamber has a first opening at a lower end and a second opening at the upper end;

establishing flow communication between the molten slag and the vacuum chamber;

generating a vacuum in the vacuum chamber so that the slag is drawn into the vacuum chamber;

freezing a portion of the molten slag in a vicinity of the second opening while the vacuum is applied so as to close the second opening and prevent fluid communication via the second opening between the interior of the vacuum chamber and exterior thereof;

thereafter discontinuing the step of establishing flow communication; and

retaining in the vacuum chamber the molten slag previously drawn into the chamber.

25. A method according to claim 24 including the step of releasing the vacuum in the vacuum chamber prior to the step of retaining the molten slag in the vacuum chamber.