Methods and systems for control of memory

• US 5,813,042 A
• Filed: 02/19/1997
• Issued: 09/22/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 02/19/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Rajaraman, Bala, Overby, Linwood Hugh Jr., Long, Lynn Douglas, Campbell, Scott Allan
• Primary Examiner(s): Swann, Tod R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): KING, CONLEY BURRELL
• Application Number:
  US08/802,599
• Time in Patent Office: 580 Days
• Field of Search: 711/100, 711/133, 711/134, 711/136, 711/154, 711/159, 711/160, 711/170, 711/173
• US Class Current: 711/159
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 12/1009 using page tables, e.g. page table structures
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 12/12 Replacement control

Abstract

Effective memory management maximizes the use of main memory in a computing system by avoiding the issuance of operating system primitives which result in overhead and increased processing time. This allows an applications program to change the state of a storage unit such as a buffer or page without requiring the issuance of an operating system primitive to change the physical state of the storage unit. A storage manager is provided for controlling the movement of data between storage units in secondary storage and storage units in main memory. A storage unit state indicator or flag is associated with each storage unit in main memory. In addition, a system state indicator for indicating the physical state of a storage unit is also associated with each storage unit. The system state indicator may be set to one of the states of fixed or pageable while the storage unit state indicator may be set to one of the states of fixed, pageable or don'"'"'t care. The storage manager monitors the usage of memory to determine whether a fixed storage constraint may occur. Upon a determination that a fixed storage constraint may occur, the storage manager notifies the applications programs of the fixed storage constraint. In response, applications programs can temporarily change the state of a storage unit containing data which temporarily may not be needed by the applications program from fixed to don'"'"'t care by changing the storage unit state indicator from fixed to don'"'"'t care. Thus, the storage unit is available to the storage manager if needed without the need to have the storage manager issue an operating system primitive to change the system state indicator for the storage unit from fixed to pageable.

Claims

1. A memory management system for conserving storage in a computing system, said memory management system comprising:

storage means for storing data being used by application programs in said computing system, said storage means including a plurality of storage locations for storing data therein;

memory means for storing data being used by applications programs in said computing system, said memory means including a plurality of storage units for storing data therein;

a plurality of storage unit state indicators, each of said storage unit state indicators associated with one of said storage units for indicating that said corresponding storage unit is set to one of the states of fixed indicating that the data stored in the storage unit is fixed, pageable indicating that the data stored in the storage unit is not fixed and may be replaced with data stored in one of said stored locations, or don'"'"'t care indicating that the data stored in the storage unit may be fixed or pageable; and

storage manager means, operationally connected to said storage means, said storage units and responsive to said storage unit state indicators, for controlling the movement of data between said one of said plurality of storage units and said storage means in response to the one of said storage unit state indicators corresponding to the one of said storage units.

2. The memory management system according to claim 1 wherein said storage manager means comprises:

fixed controlling means for determining that said one of said storage unit state indicators corresponding to said one of said storage units was set to the state of fixed and for preventing the replacement of the data stored in said one of said storage units in response to said one of said storage unit state indicators having been set to the state of fixed;

pageable controlling means for determining that said one of said storage unit state indicators corresponding to said one of said storage units was set to the state of pageable and for replacing the data stored in said one of said storage units with said data stored in said storage means in response to said one of said storage unit state indicators having been set to the state of pageable; and

don'"'"'t care controlling means for determining that said one of said storage unit state indicators corresponding to said one of said storage units was set to the state of don'"'"'t care, and for permitting the replacement of the data stored in said one of said storage units in response to said one of said storage unit state indicators having been set to the state of don'"'"'t care.

3. The memory management system according to claim 1 wherein said storage manager means further comprises means for determining a level of usage of said storage means and means for controlling the movement of data between said one of said plurality of storage units and said storage means in response to the level of usage of said storage means.

4. The memory management system according to claim 3 further comprising:

a first applications program operationally connected to said one of said storage units, said storage unit state indicator corresponding to said one of said storage units, and said storage manager means; and

wherein said storage manager means comprises means for notifying the first applications program that the level of usage of said storage means is high.

5. The memory management system according to claim 4 wherein said first applications program causes said storage manager means to change the setting of the one of said storage unit state indicators for the one of said storage units from the state of fixed to pageable in response to the storage manager means notification that the level of usage of the storage means is high.

6. The memory management system according to claim 4 wherein said first applications program causes said storage manager means to change the setting of the one of said storage unit state indicators for the one of said storage units from the state of fixed to don'"'"'t care in response to the storage manager means notification that the level of usage of the storage means is high.

7. The memory management system according to claim 1 further comprising:

an operating system, operationally connected to said storage means, said memory means and said storage manager means, comprising means for determining said level of usage of said memory means, a plurality of system state indicators, each of said system state indicators being associated with one of said storage units for indicating that the buffer corresponding to one of said system state indicators is set by the operating system to one of the states of fixed or pageable, and means for controlling the movement of data between the storage means and the storage unit in response to the state of the system state indicators; and

wherein said storage manager means further comprises;

means for comparing the storage unit state indicator for a storage unit with the system state indicator for the storage unit to determine that the storage unit state indicator was changed from fixed to pageable;

means for notifying said operating system to change the system state indicator from the state of fixed to pageable; and

means for releasing the storage unit corresponding to the storage unit state indicator.

8. The memory management system according to claim 3 wherein said storage manager means further comprises means for determining a level of usage of said storage means and means for controlling the movement of data between said one of said plurality of storage units and said storage means in response to the level of usage of said storage means.

9. The memory management system according to claim 8 further comprising:

a first applications program operationally connected to said one of said storage units, said storage unit state indicator corresponding to said one of said storage units, and said storage manager means; and

wherein said storage manager means comprises means for notifying the first applications program that the level of usage of said storage means is high.

10. The memory management system according to claim 9 wherein said first applications program causes said storage manager means to change the setting of the one of said storage unit state indicators for the one of said storage units from the state of fixed to don'"'"'t care in response to the storage manager means notification that the level of usage of the storage means is high.

11. A memory management method for conserving storage in a computing system having a central processing unit, secondary storage having a plurality of storage locations for storing data therein, main memory having a plurality of storage units for storing data therein, and an operating system, said method comprising the steps of:

storing data being used by application programs in said computing system in said secondary storage;

storing data being used by applications programs in said computing system in said main memory;

associating one storage unit state indicator with one of said storage units and indicating that said corresponding storage unit is set to one of the states of fixed indicating that the data stored in the storage unit is fixed, pageable indicating that the data stored in the storage unit is not fixed and may be replaced with data stored in one of said stored locations, or don'"'"'t care indicating that the data stored in the storage unit may be fixed or pageable; and

controlling the movement of data between said one of said plurality of storage units in main memory and said secondary storage in response to the one of said storage unit state indicators corresponding to the one of said storage units.

12. The memory management method according to claim 11 wherein said controlling step comprises the steps of:

determining that said one of said storage unit state indicators corresponding to said one of said storage units was set to the state of fixed and preventing the replacement of the data stored in said one of said storage units in response to said one of said storage unit state indicators having been set to the state of fixed;

determining that said one of said storage unit state indicators corresponding to said one of said storage units was set to the state of pageable and replacing the data stored in said one of said storage units with said data stored in said secondary storage in response to said one of said storage unit state indicators having been set to the state of pageable; and

determining that said one of said storage unit state indicators corresponding to said one of said storage units was set to the state of don'"'"'t care, and permitting the replacement of the data stored in said one of said storage units in response to said one of said storage unit state indicators having been set to the state of don'"'"'t care.

13. The memory management method according to claim 11 wherein said controlling step comprises the steps of:

determining a level of usage of said secondary storage; and

controlling the movement of data between said one of said plurality of storage units and said secondary storage in response to the level of usage of said secondary storage.

14. The memory management method according to claim 13 further comprising the step of:

executing a first applications program on said central processing unit; and

wherein said controlling step comprises the step of notifying the first applications program that the level of usage of said secondary storage is high.

15. The memory management method according to claim 14 wherein said executing step comprises the step of changing the setting of the one of said storage unit state indicators for the one of said storage units from the state of fixed to pageable in response to the notification that the level of usage of the storage means is high.

16. The memory management method according to claim 14 wherein said executing step comprises the step of changing the setting of the one of said storage unit state indicators for the one of said storage units from the state of fixed to don'"'"'t care in response to the notification that the level of usage of the storage means is high.

17. The memory management method according to claim 11 further comprising the steps of:

determining said level of usage of said main memory means;

associating one system state indicator with one of said storage units and indicating that the storage unit corresponding to one of said system state indicators is set by the operating system to one of the states of fixed or pageable;

controlling the movement of data between the secondary storage and the storage unit in response to the state of the system state indicators; and

wherein said controlling in response to one of said storage unit state indicators step further comprises the steps of;

comparing the storage unit state indicator for a buffer with the system state indicator for the storage unit to determine that the storage unit state indicator was changed from fixed to pageable;

notifying said operating system to change the system state indicator from the state of fixed to pageable; and

releasing the storage unit corresponding to the storage unit state indicator.

18. The memory management method according to claim 13 wherein said controlling step further comprises the steps of:

determining a level of usage of said secondary storage; and

controlling the movement of data between said one of said plurality of storage units and said secondary storage in response to the level of usage of said secondary storage.

19. The memory management method according to claim 18 further comprising the step of:

executing a first applications program on said central processing unit; and

wherein said controlling step comprises the step of notifying the first applications program that the level of usage of said storage means is high.

20. The memory management method according to claim 19 wherein said executing step comprises the step of changing the setting of the one of said storage unit state indicators for the one of said storage units from the state of fixed to don'"'"'t care in response to the notification that the level of usage of the storage means is high.

21. A computer program product for conserving storage in a computing system having a central processing unit, secondary storage having a plurality of storage locations for storing data therein, main memory having a plurality of storage units for storing data therein, and an operating system, said computer program product comprising:

a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program code means embodied in said medium, said computer readable program code means comprising;

computer instruction means for storing data being used by application programs in said computing system in said secondary storage;

computer instruction means for storing data being used by applications programs in said computing system in said main memory;

computer instruction means for associating one storage unit state indicator with one of said storage units and indicating that said corresponding storage unit is set to one of the states of fixed indicating that the data stored in the storage unit is fixed, pageable indicating that the data stored in the storage unit is not fixed and may be replaced with data stored in one of said stored locations, or don'"'"'t care indicating that the data stored in the storage unit may be fixed or pageable; and

computer instruction means for controlling the movement of data between said one of said plurality of storage units in main memory and said secondary storage in response to the one of said storage unit state indicators corresponding to the one of said storage units.

22. The computer program product according to claim 21 wherein said computer instruction means for controlling comprises:

computer instruction means for determining that said one of said storage unit state indicators corresponding to said one of said storage units was set to the state of fixed and preventing the replacement of the data stored in said one of said storage units in response to said one of said storage unit state indicators having been set to the state of fixed;

computer instruction means for determining that said one of said storage unit state indicators corresponding to said one of said storage units was set to the state of pageable and replacing the data stored in said one of said storage units with said data stored in said secondary storage in response to said one of said storage unit state indicators having been set to the state of pageable; and

computer instruction means for determining that said one of said storage unit state indicators corresponding to said one of said storage units was set to the state of don'"'"'t care, and permitting the replacement of the data stored in said one of said storage units in response to said one of said storage unit state indicators having been set to the state of don'"'"'t care.

23. The computer program product according to claim 21 wherein said computer instruction means for controlling comprises:

computer instruction means for determining a level of usage of said secondary storage; and

computer instruction means for controlling the movement of data between said one of said plurality of storage units and said secondary storage in response to the level of usage of said secondary storage.

24. The computer program product according to claim 23 further comprising:

computer instruction means for executing a first applications program on said central processing unit; and

wherein said computer instruction means for controlling further comprises computer instruction means for notifying the first applications program that the level of usage of said secondary storage is high.

25. The computer program product according to claim 24 wherein said computer instruction means for executing comprises computer instruction means for changing the setting of the one of said storage unit state indicators for the one of said storage units from the state of fixed to pageable in response to the notification that the level of usage of the storage means is high.

26. The computer program product according to claim 24 wherein said computer instruction means for executing comprises computer instruction means for changing the setting of the one of said storage unit state indicators for the one of said storage units from the state of fixed to don'"'"'t care in response to the notification that the level of usage of the storage means is high.

27. The computer program product according to claim 21 further comprising:

computer instruction means for determining said level of usage of said main memory means;

computer instruction means for associating one system state indicator with one of said storage units and indicating that the storage unit corresponding to one of said system state indicators is set by the operating system to one of the states of fixed or pageable;

computer instruction means for controlling the movement of data between the secondary storage and the storage unit in response to the state of the system state indicators; and

wherein said computer instruction means for controlling in response to one of said storage unit state indicators further comprises;

computer instruction means for comparing the storage unit state indicator for a storage unit with the system state indicator for the storage unit to determine that the storage unit state indicator was changed from fixed to pageable;

computer instruction means for notifying said operating system to change the system state indicator from the state of fixed to pageable; and

computer instruction means for releasing the storage unit corresponding to the storage unit state indicator.

28. The computer program product according to claim 23 wherein said computer instruction means for controlling further comprises:

computer instruction means for determining a level of usage of said secondary storage; and

computer instruction means for controlling the movement of data between said one of said plurality of storage units and said secondary storage in response to the level of usage of said secondary storage.

29. The computer program product according to claim 28 further comprising:

computer instruction means for executing a first applications program on said central processing unit; and

wherein said computer instruction means for controlling comprises computer instruction means for notifying the first applications program that the level of usage of said storage means is high.

30. The computer program product according to claim 29 wherein said computer instruction means for executing comprises computer instruction means for changing the setting of the one of said storage unit state indicators for the one of said storage units from the state of fixed to don'"'"'t care in response to the notification that the level of usage of the storage means is high.