Device and method for injecting fuels into compressed gaseous media

• US 5,813,847 A
• Filed: 08/02/1996
• Issued: 09/29/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 10/02/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Alstom SA
• Original Assignee: ABB Research Ltd. (ABB Ltd.)
• Inventors: Senior, Peter, Eroglu, Adnan, Knopfel, Hans Peter
• Primary Examiner(s): Jones, Larry
• Application Number:
  US08/691,674
• Time in Patent Office: 788 Days
• Field of Search: 431/8, 431/285, 431/354, 431/173, 431/174, 431/284
• US Class Current: 431/8
• CPC Class Codes: F23D 11/107 at least one of both being subjected to a swirling motion

Abstract

A device for injecting fuels (4) into compressed gaseous media essentially comprises a cylindrical hollow body (24) with at least one fuel feed passage (2) and means for the introduction of compressed atomization air (5). A swirl chamber (1) is arranged in the interior of the hollow body (24), this swirl chamber being connected via at least one inlet opening (6) to the fuel feed passage (2). The cross-section of the swirl chamber (1) narrows in the direction of flow of the atomization air passed through the interior of the hollow body (24), thereby forming a cone (8). A dividing wall (20), which extends downstream at least as far as the center of the inlet openings (6), is arranged upstream of the swirl chamber (1), between the fuel in the swirl chamber (1) and the atomization air (5). A method for operating the device is furthermore described.

Claims

1. A method for operating a fuel injector for atomization of the fuel, the fuel injector having a cylindrical hollow body having an outlet port, the outlet opening forming an atomization edge, the body defining an interior swirl chamber having an axial flow direction leading to the outlet port, the swirl chamber having a cone-shaped portion narrowing toward the outlet port, the body further defining an air duct with a mouth connecting to an upstream end of the swirl chamber, the body defining at least one fuel feed passage to guide fuel into the body and at least one inlet opening leading laterally from the at least one fuel feed passage to the swirl chamber downstream of the mouth, and the body having a dividing wall extending axially downstream from the mouth at least to a center of the at least one inlet opening, the method comprising the steps of:

feeding fuel through the inlet opening into the swirl chamber, wherein a swirling film flow of fuel is produced on a surface of the swirl chamber; and

introducing atomization air from the air duct into the swirl chamber;

wherein, the fuel film upon reaching the atomization edge is broken into droplets, and wherein the atomization air applies additional shear forces to the fuel film and assists the break-up of the fuel into droplets.

2. The method for fuel injection as claimed in claim 1, wherein the atomization air is introduced into the swirl chamber at supersonic speed and wherein shock waves produced by the supersonic flow assist the atomization of the fuel.

3. The method for fuel injection as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dividing wall is shaped as a Laval nozzle, and wherein the atomization air entering the swirl chamber is accelerated to supersonic speed by the Laval nozzle.

4. The method for fuel injection as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of fuel injectors are arranged radially in a nozzle head disposed in a combustion air flow and extending in the air flow direction, and wherein the method comprises injecting the fuel into the combustion air essentially perpendicular to the combustion air flow direction.

5. A fuel injection nozzle for atomizing liquid fuel, comprising a cylindrical hollow body having an outlet port, the body defining an interior swirl chamber having an axial flow direction leading to the outlet port, the swirl chamber having a cone-shaped portion narrowing toward the outlet port, the body further defining an air duct with a mouth connecting to an upstream end of the swirl chamber, the body defining at least one fuel feed passage to guide fuel into the body and at least one inlet opening leading laterally from the at least one fuel feed passage to the swirl chamber downstream of the mouth, and the body having a dividing wall extending axially downstream from the mouth at least to a center of the at least one inlet opening to separate fuel entering the swirl chamber from atomization air entering the swirl chamber to allow a fuel film to form on the swirl chamber.

6. The device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the body includes recesses which extend in the flow direction formed in an interior surface of the body in the cone-shaped portion of the swirl chamber, said recesses serving as turbulence chambers for generating turbulence in the fuel flow.

7. The device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the dividing wall in the interior of the hollow body is designed as a Laval nozzle to accelerate the atomizing air entering the swirl chamber to supersonic speed.

8. The device as claimed in claim 5, wherein a plurality of fuel injection nozzles are arranged radially in a longitudinally extending nozzle head.