Catalyst for purifying exhaust gas and method of producing same

• US 5,814,576 A
• Filed: 11/25/1996
• Issued: 09/29/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 11/27/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Inventors: Yamamoto, Shinji
• Primary Examiner(s): Langel, Wayne
• Assistant Examiner(s): BOOZER, TANAGA A
• Application Number:
  US08/755,375
• Time in Patent Office: 673 Days
• Field of Search: 502/304, 502/303, 502/340, 502/349, 502/328, 502/327, 502/326, 423/213.5
• US Class Current: 502/303
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/945 characterised by a specific catalyst
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 23/464 Rhodium
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 23/58 with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 23/63 with rare earths or actinides
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/12 Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

A catalyst for purifying exhaust gas from an automotive internal combustion engine. The catalyst comprises a monolithic carrier which is coated with a catalyst component carrying layer which includes rhodium and a zirconium oxide. The zirconium oxide contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, yttrium and lanthanum. The zirconium oxide in the catalyst component carrying layer has a composition represented by a general formula of X!_a Zr_b O_c where X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, yttrium and lanthanum; and a, b and c indicate ratios in number of atoms, in which a is within a range of from 0.01 to 0.6 on the assumption of b being 1.0, and c is a number of oxygen atom which satisfies valence of respective elements.

Claims

1. A catalyst for purifying exhaust gas, comprising:

a monolithic carrier; and

a catalyst component carrying layer formed on a surface of said monolithic carrier, said carrier component carrying layer including

a catalyst component including rhodium, and

a catalyst component substrate for carrying the catalyst component, said catalyst component substrate including a composite oxide containing zirconium oxide and at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, yttrium and lanthanum, said composite oxide having a composition represented by the following general formula;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">X.sub.a Zr.sub.b O.sub.c

where X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, yttrium and lanthanum; and

a, b, and c, indicate atomic ratios, in which a is within a range of from 0.01 to 0.6 on the basis of b being 1.0 and c is a number which satisfies the valence of elements of the formula X_a Zr_b O_c.

2. A catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein said zirconium oxide contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of cerium, neodymium and lanthanum in an amount ranging from 1 to 40 mol % upon being converted into metal, in which zirconium is in an amount ranging from 60 to 98 mol % upon being converted into metal.

3. A catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein said catalyst component carrying layer includes an alumina which contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of platinum and palladium, activated alumina, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of cerium, zirconium and lanthanum, in a total amount ranging from 1 to 10 mol % upon being converted into metal;

and a cerium oxide which contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of zirconium, neodymium and lanthanum in an amount ranging from 1 to 40 mol %, in which cerium is contained in an amount ranging from 60 to 98 mol %.

4. A catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein said catalyst component carrying layer includes at least one element selected from the group consisting of elements of alkali metals and of alkaline earth metals.

5. A method of producing a catalyst for purifying exhaust gas, comprising the following steps:

adding a water soluble salt of zirconium and a water soluble salt of at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, yttrium and lanthanum into water to form a liquid containing at least one catalyst component;

adding an aqueous solution containing at least one of aqueous ammonia and an ammonium compound to the liquid so as to adjust the pH of the liquid within a range of from 6.0 to 10.0 thereby obtaining precipitate;

drying the precipitate;

firing the dried precipitate thereby forming a composite oxide containing zirconium oxide and at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, yttrium and lanthanum, said composite oxide having a composition represented by the following general formula;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">X.sub.a Zr.sub.b O.sub.c

where X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, yttrium and lanthanum; and

a, b, and c, indicate atomic ratios, in which a is within a range of from 0.01 to 0.6 on the basis of b being 1.0 and c is a number which satisfies the valence of elements of the formula X_a Zr_b O_c ;

impregnating the composite oxide with rhodium;

providing a monolithic carrier; and

coating the composite oxide containing rhodium on a surface of the monolithic carrier.

6. A method of producing a catalyst for purifying exhaust gas, comprising the following steps:

preparing a suspension liquid containing zirconium oxide;

adding a water soluble salt of at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, yttrium and lanthanum into water to form a liquid containing at least one catalyst component;

gradually dropping the catalyst component containing liquid to the suspension liquid to form a mixed liquid;

adjusting the pH of the mixed liquid at a level ranging from 6.0 to 10.0 to form precipitate; and

drying the precipitate;

firing the dried precipitate thereby forming a composite oxide containing zirconium oxide and at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, yttrium and lanthanum, said composite oxide having a composition represented by the following general formula;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">X.sub.a Zr.sub.b O.sub.c

where X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, yttrium and lanthanum; and

a, b, and c, indicate atomic ratios, in which a is within a range of from 0.01 to 0.6 on the basis of b being 1.0 and c is a number which satisfies the valence of elements of the formula X_a Zr_b O_c ;

impregnating the composite oxide with rhodium;

providing a monolithic carrier; and

coating the composite oxide containing rhodium on a surface of the monolithic carrier.

7. A method of producing a composite oxide forming part of a catalyst for purifying exhaust gas, comprising the following steps:

adding a water soluble salt of zirconium and a water soluble salt of at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, yttrium and lanthanum into water to form a liquid containing at least one catalyst component;

adding an aqueous solution containing at least one of ammonia and an ammonium compound to the liquid so as to adjust the pH of the liquid within a range of from 6.0 to 10.0 thereby obtaining precipitate;

drying the precipitate; and

firing the dried precipitate thereby obtaining the composite oxide containing zirconium oxide and at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, yttrium and lanthanum, said composite oxide having a composition represented by the following general formula;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">X.sub.a Zr.sub.b O.sub.c

where X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, yttrium and lanthanum; and

a, b, and c, indicate atomic ratios, in which a is within a range of from 0.01 to 0.6 on the basis of b being 1.0 and c is a number which satisfies the valence of elements of the formula X_a Zr_b O_c.

8. A method of producing a composite oxide forming part of a catalyst for purifying exhaust gas, comprising the following steps:

preparing a suspension liquid containing zirconium oxide;

adding a water soluble salt of at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, yttrium and lanthanum into water to form a liquid containing at least one catalyst component;

gradually dropping the catalyst component containing liquid to the suspension liquid to form a mixed liquid;

adjusting the pH of the mixed liquid at a level ranging from 6.0 to 10.0 to form precipitate;

drying the precipitate; and

firing the dried precipitate thereby obtaining the composite oxide containing zirconium oxide and at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, yttrium and lanthanum, said composite oxide having a composition represented by the following general formula;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">X.sub.a Zr.sub.b O.sub.c

where X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, yttrium and lanthanum; and

a, b, and c, indicate atomic ratios, in which a is within a range of from 0.01 to 0.6 on the basis of b being 1.0 and c is a number which satisfies the valence of elements of the formula X_a Zr_b O_c.

9. A catalyst for purifying exhaust gas, comprising:

a monolithic carrier; and

a catalyst component carrying layer formed on a surface of said monolithic carrier, said catalyst carrier component carrying layer including rhodium and a composite oxide, said composite oxide containing zirconium oxide and at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, yttrium and lanthanum;

said composite oxide being produced by a process including the following steps;

adding a water soluble salt of zirconium and a water soluble salt of at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, yttrium and lanthanum into water to form a liquid containing at least one catalyst component;

adding an aqueous solution containing at least one of ammonia and an ammonium compound to the liquid so as to adjust the pH of the liquid within a range of from 6.0 to 10.0 thereby obtaining precipitate;

drying the precipitate; and

firing the dried precipitate thereby obtaining the composite oxide containing zirconium oxide and at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, yttrium and lanthanum, said composite oxide having a composition represented by the following general formula;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">X.sub.a Zr.sub.b O.sub.c

where X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, yttrium and lanthanum; and

a, b, and c, indicate atomic ratios, in which a is within a range of from 0.01 to 0.6 on the basis of b being 1.0 and c is a number which satisfies the valence of elements of the formula X_a Zr_b O_c.

10. A catalyst for purifying exhaust gas, comprising:

a monolithic carrier; and

a catalyst component carrying layer formed on a surface of said monolithic carrier, said catalyst carrier component carrying layer including rhodium and a composite oxide, said composite oxide containing zirconium oxide and at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, yttrium and lanthanum;

said composite oxide being produced by a process including the following steps;

preparing a suspension liquid containing zirconium oxide;

adding a water soluble salt of at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, yttrium and lanthanum into water to form a liquid containing at least one catalyst component;

gradually dropping the catalyst component containing liquid to the suspension liquid to form a mixed liquid;

adjusting the pH of the mixed liquid at a level ranging from 6.0 to 10.0 to form precipitate;

drying the precipitate; and

firing the dried precipitate thereby obtaining the composite oxide containing zirconium oxide and at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, yttrium and lanthanum, said composite oxide having a composition represented by the following general formula;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">X.sub.a Zr.sub.b O.sub.c

where X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, yttrium and lanthanum; and

a, b, and c, indicate atomic ratios, in which a is within a range of from 0.01 to 0.6 on the basis of b being 1.0 and c is a number which satisfies the valence of elements of the formula X_a Zr_b O_c.