Modulation compensated clamp circuit

• US 5,815,355 A
• Filed: 10/06/1997
• Issued: 09/29/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 10/06/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: WISeKey Semiconductors
• Original Assignee: Atmel Corporation (Microchip Technology Incorporated)
• Inventors: Dawes, Alan M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Gaffin, Jeffrey A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): JACKSON, STEPHEN W
• Application Number:
  US08/944,321
• Time in Patent Office: 358 Days
• Field of Search: 361/56, 361/58, 361/111, 361/113, 361/91, 340/870.17, 340/870.18, 340/870.31, 340/870.54
• US Class Current: 361/56
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/758 using a signal generator powered by the interrogation signal
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0701 at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0723 the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/0008 General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer

Abstract

A radio frequency identification (RFID) tag includes a tank circuit for receiving a power signal transmitted on a radio frequency (RF) carrier by a remote interrogator unit. Information is conveyed from the tag to the interrogator by varying a resistive load placed across the tank circuit as a function of data read from memory. Corresponding variations in the reflected signals are then detected by the interrogator. An overvoltage circuit cooperates with a modulation circuit for providing transmission of data even during an overvoltage condition, thus avoiding masking of the signal under such conditions.

Claims

1. A transponder of the type used in radio frequency identification systems, comprising:

a tank circuit;

an overvoltage circuit connected to the tank circuit having a shunting means for shunting current from the tank circuit during an overvoltage condition; and

tuning means for varying the tuning of the tank circuit in accordance with data contained in the transponder, the tuning means operatively coupled with the shunting means to vary the amount of current shunted in accordance with the data.

2. The transponder of claim 1 wherein the shunting means includes a reference voltage selector for selecting between a first reference voltage and a second reference voltage, and a shunt transistor biased depending upon the selection of a reference voltage.

3. The transponder of claim 1 wherein the tuning means includes a modulation means for producing a modulation signal which represents data contained in the transponder, and load means for presenting a variable resistive load to the tank circuit;

the modulation signal coupled to vary the resistive load.

4. The transponder of claim 3 wherein the load means is a transistor coupled across the tank circuit;

a gate of the transistor being coupled to receive the modulation signal.

5. The transponder of claim 1 wherein the tank circuit includes an inductor coupled in parallel with a capacitor.

6. The transponder of claim 5 wherein the shunting means includes a transistor and a comparator;

the transistor being coupled across the tank circuit;

a gate of the transistor being coupled to an output of the comparator, the comparator having a first input coupled to the reference voltage selector and a second input coupled to receive the voltage across the coil.

7. A radio frequency identification transponder comprising:

first and second terminals;

a tank circuit including a coil coupled across the first and second terminals and a capacitor coupled across the first and second terminals;

a memory array;

a modulation means, coupled to the memory array, for producing a modulation signal which represents data contained in the memory array;

a variable resistive load coupled across the first and second terminals, the variable resistive load coupled to the modulation means for providing a variable resistance across the tank circuit in response to the modulation signal; and

an overvoltage circuit coupled across the first and second terminals, including a reference voltage circuit coupled to the modulation means to produce a reference voltage that varies in response to the modulation signal, the activation of the overvoltage circuit occurring when a supply voltage exceeds the reference voltage.

8. The transponder of claim 7 wherein the overvoltage circuit includes a shunt transistor and a comparator, the shunt transistor being coupled across the first and second terminals, a gate of the shunt transistor being coupled to the comparator, the comparator coupled to compare the supply voltage against the reference voltage.

9. The transponder of claim 8 wherein the variable resistive load is a load transistor coupled across the first and second terminals, the modulation signal being coupled to the gate of the load transistor.

10. The transponder of claim 7 further including a selector coupled to provide either a first reference voltage or a second reference voltage to the comparator, the selector coupled to provide a reference voltage in response to the modulation signal.

11. The transponder of claim 10 wherein the overvoltage circuit further includes a shunt transistor coupled across the first and second terminals, an output of the comparator being coupled to the gate of the transistor.

12. The transponder of claim 11 wherein the variable resistive load is a load transistor coupled across the first and second terminals, the modulation signal being coupled to the gate of the load transistor.

13. In a transponder of a radio frequency identification system, a method of clamping the transponder supply voltage, comprising:

modulating a resistive load across a tank circuit with a modulation signal;

selecting a first voltage reference when the modulation signal is at a first modulation level;

selecting a second voltage reference when the modulation signal is at a second modulation level;

comparing the supply voltage against a selected reference voltage; and

shunting current to across the tank circuit if the supply voltage exceeds the selected reference voltage.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the step of modulating includes reading data stored in the transponder and producing the modulation signal to represent the data.

15. The method of claim 13 wherein the resistive load is a transistor coupled across the tank circuit and the step of modulating includes varying a biasing voltage applied to the gate of the transistor.

16. The method of claim 13 wherein the step of shunting current includes operating a transistor coupled across the tank circuit, by varying a biasing voltage applied to the gate of the transistor in response to the step of comparing.

17. The method of claim 13 wherein the step of modulating includes varying a first biasing voltage applied to the gate of a first transistor coupled across the tank circuit to vary the current flow through the first transistor;

and the step of shunting includes varying a second biasing voltage applied to the gate of a second transistor in response to the step of comparing;

the second transistor being coupled across the tank circuit.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein the step of modulating further includes reading data stored in the transponder and varying the first biasing voltage to represent the data.