Method and apparatus for controlling a device based on spatial discrimination of skeletal myopotentials

• US 5,817,030 A
• Filed: 04/14/1997
• Issued: 10/06/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 04/07/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: University of Miami
• Original Assignee: University of Miami
• Inventors: Tarjan, Peter P., Rasquinha, Leonard L., Bonilla, Sergio Jose, Kaufer-Braverman, Monica
• Primary Examiner(s): Bahr, Jennifer
• Assistant Examiner(s): HUANG, STEPHEN D
• Application Number:
  US08/843,301
• Time in Patent Office: 540 Days
• Field of Search: 600/544, 600/545, 600/546, 600/547, 607/2, 607/48, 607/62
• US Class Current: 600/546
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2/72 Bioelectric control, e.g. myoelectric

Abstract

A plurality of locally sensitive, far-field immune sensors are mounted in mutually spaced relation on the exterior of the body of a subject to detect electrical signals associated with voluntary skeletal muscle activity in the immediate physical vicinity of the sensors. The detected signals are used to determine which, if any, of a predetermined series of voluntary skeletal muscle maneuvers is performed by the subject. A signal bearing a predetermined relationship to the maneuver is then transmitted to a device to be controlled based on which maneuver the subject has performed. Also disclosed are a novel sensor and a method of making same.

Claims

1. A method for controlling a device based upon voluntary skeletal muscle activity of an animal subject, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) mounting a plurality of locally sensitive, far-field immune sensors in mutually spaced relation to one another on an exterior body surface of the subject;

(b) detecting, by way of said sensors, electrical signals associated with voluntary skeletal muscle activity of the subject only in a physical vicinity immediate each of said electrodes;

(c) determining which, if any, of a predetermined series of voluntary skeletal muscle maneuvers is performed by the subject and, in response to determining that one of said series of voluntary skeletal muscle maneuvers has been performed by the subject,

(d) initiating transmission to the device at least one control signal bearing a predetermined relationship to said one of said series of voluntary skeletal muscle maneuvers.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the animal is a human having a forehead region and said exterior body surface includes at least a portion of said forehead region of said human and wherein said detecting step includes the step of sensing voluntary muscle activity occurring at said forehead region.

3. An apparatus for controlling a device based on voluntary skeletal muscle activity of a subject, said apparatus comprising:

a plurality of locally sensitive, far-field immune sensors mountable in mutually spaced relation to one another on an external body surface of the subject, and

signal processing means coupled to said sensors for receiving signals detected by said sensors in response to voluntary skeletal muscle activity of the subject and processing said signals to determine which, if any, of a predetermined series of voluntary skeletal muscle maneuvers is performed by the subject and, upon determining that one or more maneuvers of said series has been performed by the subject, initiating transmission to said device of at least one control signal bearing a predetermined relationship to said one or more maneuvers.

4. An apparatus for controlling a device based on voluntary skeletal muscle activity of a subject, said apparatus comprising:

a plurality of locally sensitive, far-field immune sensors mountable in mutually spaced relation to one another on an external body surface of the subject, and

signal processing means coupled to said sensors for receiving signals detected by said sensors in response to voluntary skeletal muscle activity of the subject and processing said signals to determine which, if any, of a predetermined series of voluntary skeletal muscle maneuvers is performed by the subject and, upon determining that one or more maneuvers of said series has been performed by the subject, initiating transmission to said device of at least one control signal bearing a predetermined relationship to said one or more maneuvers, at least one of said sensors including;

(i) an electrically conductive inner surface;

(ii) an electrically conductive continuous middle surface spaced from and surrounding said inner surface in a plane;

(iii) an electrically conductive continuous exterior surface spaced from and surrounding said middle surface in said plane; and

(iv) an electrical conductor electrically connecting said inner surface to said exterior surface.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said conductive regions are formed from a unitary blank of electrically conductive material.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said blank is formed by stamping.

7. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said blank is formed by etching.