MOS high frequency switch circuit using a variable well bias

• US 5,818,099 A
• Filed: 10/03/1996
• Issued: 10/06/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 10/03/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Burghartz, Joachim Norbert
• Primary Examiner(s): Crane, Sara W.
• Application Number:
  US08/724,876
• Time in Patent Office: 733 Days
• Field of Search: 257/548, 257/901, 257/299, 257/540, 327/427, 327/534, 327/536, 327/537
• US Class Current: 257/548
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 29/1079 with insulated gate
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 29/1087 characterised by the contact structure of the substrate region, e.g. for controlling or preventing bipolar effect
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/6871 the output circuit comprising more than one controlled field-effect transistor
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/693 Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals, e.g. multiplexers, distributors logic circuits H03K19/00; code converters H03M5/00, H03M7/00
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 2217/0018 Special modifications or use of the back gate voltage of a FET
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 257/901 MOSFET substrate bias

Abstract

An RF switch comprises a switching FET having gate and back gate terminals, an input port for receiving an RF signal, and an output port for providing substantially the RF signal during an ON state of the FET. Switching circuitry connects the back gate terminal of the FET to the input port during the ON state to reduce insertion loss during the ON state, and connects the back gate terminal to a point of reference potential during an OFF state of the FET to increase isolation during the OFF state. Preferably, the switching FET is a depletion mode silicon MOSFET capable of operating with low supply voltages. The switching circuitry preferably comprises a second FET for electrically connecting the back gate terminal and the input terminal (e.g., source) of the switching FET during the ON state, and a third FET for electrically connecting the back gate terminal of the switching FET to the point of reference potential during the OFF state.

Claims

1. A radio frequency (RF) switch, comprising:

a switching field effect transistor (FET) having gate and back gate terminals, an input port for receiving an RF signal, and an output port for providing substantially said RF signal during an ON state of said FET; and

switching circuitry for coupling the back gate terminal of said FET to the input port during the ON state to reduce insertion loss during the ON state, and for coupling the back gate terminal to a point of reference potential during an OFF state of said FET to increase isolation during the OFF state;

wherein said FET is a nFET including a substrate of p type conductivity;

a first well of n type conductivity within said substrate;

a second well of p type conductivity within said first well;

source and drain regions of n type conductivity within said second well;

a gate electrode;

a p⁺ region within said second well, said back gate terminal being electrically connected to said p⁺ region; and

a n⁺ region within said first n type well and outside said second p type well, said n⁺ region being connected to receive a bias potential to bias the potential of said first well with respect to said substrate.

2. The switch of claim 1, wherein said first well of n type conductivity has a n^- doping level.

3. The switch of claim 1, wherein said point of reference potential comprises ground potential.

4. The switch of claim 1, wherein said FET comprises a depletion mode silicon MOSFET.

5. The switch of claim 1, wherein said switching circuitry comprises a second FET for coupling the back gate terminal of said switching FET to the input port of said switching FET during said ON state and a third FET for coupling the back gate terminal of said switching FET to said point of reference potential during said OFF state.

6. The switch of claim 1, further comprising a shunt FET coupled to the output port of said switching FET and said point of reference potential, said shunt FET being switched off during said ON state and switched on during said OFF state.

7. The switch of claim 1, wherein said FET comprises a nFET.

8. The switch of claim 1, wherein said switch is adapted for use at microwave frequencies.

9. The switch of claim 1, wherein said input port comprises a source region contact of said FET and said output port comprises a drain region contact of said FET.

10. A radio frequency (RF) switch, comprising:

a switching field effect transistor (FET) having gate and back gate terminals, an input port for receiving an RF signal, and an output port for providing substantially said RF signal during an ON state of said FET; and

switching circuitry for coupling the back gate terminal of said FET to the input port during the ON state to reduce insertion loss during the ON state, and for coupling the back gate terminal to a point of reference potential during an OFF state of said FET to increase isolation during the OFF state;

wherein said FET is a pFET.

20. The switch of claim 10, wherein said point of reference potential comprises ground potential.

21. The switch of claim 10, wherein said FET comprises a depletion mode silicon MOSFET.

22. The switch of claim 10, wherein said switching circuitry comprises a second FET for coupling the back gate terminal of said switching FET to the input port of said switching FET during said ON state and a third FET for coupling the back gate terminal of said switching FET to said point of reference potential during said OFF state.

23. The switch of claim 10, further comprising a shunt FET coupled to the output port of said switching FET and said point of reference potential, said shunt FET being switched off during said ON state and switched on during said OFF state.

24. The switch of claim 10, wherein said switch is adapted for use at microwave frequencies.

25. The switch of claim 10, wherein said input port comprises a source region contact of said FET and said output port comprises a drain region contact of said FET.

11. A radio frequency (RF) switch, comprising:

a switching field effect transistor (FET) having gate and back gate terminals, an input terminal for receiving an RF signal, and an output terminal for providing said RF signal during an ON state of said FET;

second and third FETs, each having input, output, gate and back gate terminals, with the back gate terminals of said second and third FETs being directly coupled to each other and to a point of reference potential, the input terminals of said second and third FETs directly coupled to each other and to the back gate terminal of said switching FET, the output terminal of said second FET directly coupled to the input terminal of said switching FET, and the output terminal of said third FET directly coupled to said point of reference potential;

wherein during ON and OFF states of said switch, the gate terminals of said switching FET and said second FET are biased such that said switching and second FETs are each in ON and OFF states, respectively, and the gate terminal of said third FET is biased such that said third FET is in OFF and ON states, respectively, said coupling of said output terminal of said second FET to said input terminal of said switching FET being operational to reduce insertion loss during the ON state, and said coupling of said back gate terminal of said switching FET to said third FET operational to increase insertion loss of said switch during the OFF state.

12. The switch of claim 11, wherein each of said switching, second and third FETs are n channel silicon MOSFETs operating in the depletion mode.

13. A radio frequency (RF) switch, comprising:

a switching field effect transistor (FET) having gate and back gate terminals, an input terminal for receiving an RF signal, and an output terminal for providing said RF signal during an ON state of said FET;

second and third FETs, each having input, output, gate and back gate terminals, with the back gate terminals of said second and third FETs being coupled to each other and to a point of reference potential, the input terminals of said second and third FETs coupled to each other and to the back gate terminal of said switching FET, the output terminal of said second FET coupled to the input terminal of said switching FET, and the output terminal of said third FET coupled to said point of reference potential;

wherein during ON and OFF states of said switch, the gate terminals of said switching FET and said second FET are biased such that said switching and second FETs are each in ON and OFF states, respectively, and the gate terminal of said third FET is biased such that said third FET is in OFF and ON states, respectively, said coupling of said output terminal of said second FET to said input terminal of said switching FET being operational to reduce insertion loss during the ON state, and said coupling of said back gate terminal of said switching FET to said third FET operational to increase insertion loss of said switch during the OFF state;

further wherein the gate terminals of said switching and second FETs are coupled together and to a switch control terminal, and said switch further including;

an inverter having an input coupled to said switch control terminal and an output coupled to said gate terminal of said third FET; and

a fourth FET operable to increase isolation of said switch in the OFF state, having a gate terminal coupled to the output of said inverter, an input terminal coupled to said output terminal of said switching FET, and an output terminal coupled to said point of reference potential.

14. The switch of claim 13, wherein said fourth FET having a back gate terminal coupled to its output terminal.

15. The switch of claim 13, wherein said fourth FET having a back gate terminal, and said switch further including a fifth FET for electrically connecting said back gate terminal to said input terminal of said fourth FET when said fourth FET is on, and a sixth FET for electrically connecting said back gate terminal of said fourth FET to said point of reference potential when said fourth FET is off.

16. A single pole, multiple throw RF switch, comprising:

at least first and second switching field effect transistors (FETs) each having gate and back gate terminals, an input port for receiving an RF signal, and an output port for providing substantially said RF signal during an ON state of the respective switching FET, said first FET being ON and OFF while said second FET is OFF and ON, respectively; and

a first switch coupled to said first switching FET for coupling the back gate terminal of said first FET to the input port of said first FET during the ON state of said first FET to reduce insertion loss, and for coupling the back gate terminal of said first FET to a point of reference potential during an OFF state of said first FET to increase isolation; and

a second switch coupled to said second switching FET for coupling the back gate terminal of said second FET to the input port of said second FET during the ON state of said second FET to reduce insertion loss, and for coupling the back gate terminal of said second FET to said point of reference potential during an OFF state of said first FET to increase isolation.

17. The RF switch of claim 16 wherein said first switch comprises a third FET for coupling the back gate terminal of said first switching FET to the input port of said first switching FET when said first FET is on, and a fourth FET for coupling the back gate terminal of said first FET to said point of reference potential when said first FET is off, and said second switch comprises a fifth FET for coupling the back gate terminal of said second FET to the input port of said second FET when said second FET is on, and a sixth FET for coupling the back gate terminal of said second FET to said point of reference potential when said second FET is off.

18. The RF switch of claim 16 wherein said point of reference potential is ground potential, and said RF switch further comprising a first shunt FET for improving isolation of said RF switch when said first switching FET is on, said first shunt FET being coupled between the output port of said first switching FET and said point of reference potential, said shunt FET being switched off when said first FET is on and being switched on when said first FET is off, and said RF switch further comprising a second shunt FET for improving isolation of said RF switch when said second switching FET is on, said second shunt FET being coupled between said output port of said second switching FET and ground and being switched on when said second switching FET is off and off when said second switching FET is on.

19. The RF switch of claim 16 wherein each of said switching FETs comprise silicon MOSFETs operating in the depletion mode.