Method and radio frequency identification system for a novel protocol for reliable communication

• US 5,818,348 A
• Filed: 07/23/1997
• Issued: 10/06/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 03/13/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Google Technology Holdings LLC (Alphabet Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Lemersal, Donald Bernard Jr., Walczak, Thomas Joseph
• Primary Examiner(s): ZIMMERMAN, BRIAN A
• Application Number:
  US08/898,776
• Time in Patent Office: 440 Days
• Field of Search: 340/825.54, 340/572, 455/603
• US Class Current: 340/10.3
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/0008 General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer

Abstract

Reliable communication is provided by a radio frequency identification system comprising at least one of an interrogator (102) and a transponder (104). The interrogator (102) transmits a plurality of interrogator frames (106) and receives at least one of a plurality of transponder frames (114). The transponder (104) transmits the plurality of transponder frames (114) and receives at least one of the plurality of interrogator frames (106). Each frame in the plurality of interrogator frames and the plurality of transponder frames includes an initialization sequence (108 and 116), at least one information sequence of a first predetermined length (110 and 118), and a check sequence of a second predetermined length (112 and 120) for each information sequence.

Claims

1. A method for providing a reliable communication protocol in a radio frequency identification system, the method comprising at least one of:

A) interrogating by;

i) transmitting a query frame having an initialization sequence, at least one information sequence of a first predetermined length, and a check sequence of a second predetermined length for each information sequence wherein at least the first information sequence of the query frame includes a transponder group type and a frame identifier and the transponder group type identifies at least one of;

a group, classification, and vendor and the frame identifier differentiates the query frame from a command frame;

ii) receiving a query acknowledge frame having an initialization sequence, at least one information sequence of the first predetermined length, and a check sequence of the second predetermined length for each information sequence;

iii) transmitting a command frame, wherein the command frame is one of;

iii1) a read command frame that includes an initialization sequence, at least one information sequence, and a check sequence of the second predetermined length for each information sequence wherein the at least one information sequence of the read command frame includes (iii1a) a command type that identifies an action to be taken by a transponder, (iii1b) a pointer that identifies a first memory location from which to begin the transmission by the transponder, and (iii1c) a frame identifier that identifies the frame as a command frame; and

iii2) a write command frame that includes an initialization sequence, at least two information sequences, and at least two check sequences, wherein the first information sequence includes a command type that identifies the frame as a write command, a pointer that identifies the first memory location to which data is stored on the transponder, and a frame identifier that identifies the frame as a command and wherein the second information sequence and each information sequence thereafter includes a string of data to be stored on the transponder and an end of record identifier;

iv) receiving a command acknowledge frame having an initialization sequence, at least one information sequence of the first predetermined length, and a check sequence of the second predetermined length for each information sequence; and

B) transponding by;

i) receiving the query frame having an initialization sequence, at least one information sequence of the first predetermined length, and a check sequence of the second predetermined length for each information sequence;

ii) transmitting the query acknowledge frame having an initialization sequence, at least one information sequence of the first predetermined length, and a check sequence of the second predetermined length for each information sequence;

iii) receiving the command frame having an initialization sequence, at least one information sequence of the first predetermined length, and a check sequence of the second predetermined length for each information sequence; and

iv) transmitting the command acknowledge frame having an initialization sequence, at least one information sequence of the first predetermined length, and a check sequence of the second predetermined length for each information sequence.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is terminated when an error is detected by any check sequence.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein a check sequence is an error correction code.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein an initialization sequence includes:

a dotting sequence for recovering clock timing; and

a sync pattern for establishing data alignment and determining data polarity.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the sync pattern is one of:

a first sync pattern transmitted while interrogating; and

a second sync pattern, different from the first sync pattern, transmitted while transponding.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first predetermined length is 17 bits.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the second predetermined length is 8 bits.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein a check sequence is a cyclic redundancy check sequence.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein a first information sequence of the query frame includes a transponder group type and a frame identifier.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the command frame is a read command frame.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the command acknowledge frame is a read acknowledge frame in response to the read command frame.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein a first information sequence of the read command frame includes a command type, a pointer, and a frame identifier.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the read acknowledge frame includes at least two information sequences, wherein a first information sequence includes a unique transponder code and a frame identifier and each information sequence after the first information sequence includes a string of data and an end of record identifier.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein the command frame is a write command frame.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the command acknowledge frame is a write acknowledge frame in response to the write command frame.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein the write command frame includes at least two information sequences, wherein a first information sequence includes a command type, a pointer, and a frame identifier and each information sequence after the first information sequence includes a string of data and an end of record identifier.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the write acknowledge frame includes at least two information sequences, wherein a first information sequence includes a unique transponder code and a frame identifier and a second information sequence includes a transponder configuration identifier and a lock identifier.

18. A method for providing a reliable communication protocol in a radio frequency identification system having an interrogator and a transponder, the method comprising:

A) transmitting, from the interrogator to the transponder, a query frame having an initialization sequence, at least one information sequence of a first predetermined length, and a check sequence of a second predetermined length for each information sequence wherein at least the first information sequence of the query frame includes a transponder group type and a frame identifier and the transponder group type identifies at least one of;

a group, classification, and vendor and the frame identifier differentiates the query frame from a command frame;

B) transmitting, from the transponder to the interrogator, a query acknowledge frame having an initialization sequence, at least one information sequence of a first predetermined length, and a check sequence of a second predetermined length for each information sequence;

C) transmitting, from the interrogator to the transponder, a command frame wherein the command frame is one of;

C1) a read command frame that includes an initialization sequence, at least one information sequence, and a check sequence of the second predetermined length for each information sequence wherein the at least one information sequence of the read command frame includes (C1a) a command type that identifies an action to be taken by a transponder, (C1b) a pointer that identifies a first memory location from which to begin the transmission by the transponder, and (C1c) a frame identifier that identifies the frame as a command frame; and

C2) a write command frame that includes an initialization sequence, at least two information sequences, and at least two check sequences, wherein the first information sequence includes a command type that identifies the frame as a write command, a pointer that identifies the first memory location to which data is stored on the transponder, and a frame identifier that identifies the frame as a command and wherein the second information sequence and each information sequence thereafter includes a string of data to be stored on the transponder and an end of record identifier; and

D) transmitting, from the transponder to the interrogator, a command acknowledge frame having an initialization sequence, at least one information sequence of a first predetermined length, and a check sequence of a second predetermined length for each information sequence,

wherein the query frame is represented by a single binary digit that identifies an initial interrogatory transmission, and the query acknowledge frame includes at least two information sequences, wherein a first information sequence includes a unique transponder code and a frame identifier and a second information sequence includes a transponder configuration identifier and a lock identifier.

19. A radio frequency identification system for providing a reliable communication protocol comprising:

(A) an interrogator, having a coverage area, for transmitting a plurality of interrogator frames, each being a query frame, a command frame and receiving at least one of a plurality of transponder frames, wherein each frame in the plurality of interrogator frames and the plurality of transponder frames includes an initialization sequence, at least one information sequence of a first predetermined length, and a check sequence of a second predetermined length for each information sequence and wherein at least the first information sequence of the query frame includes a transponder group type and a frame identifier and the transponder group type identifies at least one of;

a group, classification, and vendor and the frame identifier differentiates the query frame from a command frame; and

wherein the command frame is one of;

A1) a read command frame that includes an initialization sequence, at least one information sequence, and a check sequence of the second predetermined length for each information sequence wherein the at least one information sequence of the read command frame includes (A1a) a command type that identifies an action to be taken by a transponder, (A1b) a pointer that identifies a first memory location from which to begin the transmission by the transponder, and (A1c) a frame identifier that identifies the frame as a command frame; and

A2) a write command frame that includes an initialization sequence, at least two information sequences, and at least two check sequences, wherein the first information sequence includes (A2a) a command type that identifies the frame as a write command, (A2b) a pointer that identifies the first memory location to which data is stored on the transponder, and a (A2c) frame identifier that identifies the frame as a command and wherein the second information sequence and each information sequence thereafter includes a string of data to be stored on the transponder and an end of record identifier; and

(B) a transponder, within the coverage area, for transmitting the plurality of transponder frames and receiving at least one of the plurality of interrogator frames.

20. The radio frequency identification system of claim 26, wherein a first information sequence of the read command frame includes a command type, a pointer, and a frame identifier.

21. The radio frequency identification system of claim 20, wherein the initialization sequence includes:

a dotting sequence for recovering clock timing; and

a sync pattern for establishing data alignment and determining data polarity.

22. The radio frequency identification system of claim 21, wherein the sync pattern is one of:

a sync pattern for an interrogator frame and is transmitted while interrogating; and

a sync pattern for a transponder frame, different from the sync pattern for the interrogator frame, and is transmitted while transponding.

23. The radio frequency identification system of claim 20, wherein the first predetermined length is 17 bits.

24. The radio frequency identification system of claim 20, wherein the second predetermined length is 8 bits.

25. The radio frequency identification system of claim 20, wherein the check sequence is a cyclic redundancy check sequence calculated from each information sequence.

26. The radio frequency identification system of claim 19, wherein an interrogator frame is a read command frame.

27. The radio frequency identification system of claim 26, wherein a transponder frame is a read acknowledge frame in response to the read command frame.

28. The radio frequency identification system of claim 27, wherein the read acknowledge frame includes at least two information sequences, wherein a first information sequence includes a unique transponder code and a frame identifier and each information sequence after the first information sequence includes a string of data stored on the transponder and an end of record identifier.

29. The radio frequency identification system of claim 19, wherein an interrogator frame is a write command frame.

30. The radio frequency identification system of claim 29, wherein the write command frame includes at least two information sequences, wherein a first information sequence includes a command type, a pointer, and a frame identifier and each information sequence after the first information sequence includes a string of data to be stored on the transponder and an end of record identifier.

31. The radio frequency identification system of claim 29, wherein a transponder frame is a write acknowledge frame in response to the write command frame.

32. The radio frequency identification system of claim 31, wherein the write acknowledge frame includes at least two information sequences, wherein a first information sequence includes a unique transponder code and a frame identifier and a second information sequence includes a transponder configuration identifier and a lock identifier.