Method for controlling greenhouse light

• US 5,818,734 A
• Filed: 06/12/1996
• Issued: 10/06/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 06/12/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Cornell Research Foundation Incorporated (Cornell University)
• Original Assignee: Cornell Research Foundation Incorporated (Cornell University)
• Inventors: Albright, Louis D.
• Primary Examiner(s): KEMPER, MELANIE A
• Application Number:
  US08/662,343
• Time in Patent Office: 846 Days
• Field of Search: 364/483, 364/550, 364/556, 364/578, 364/141, 364/143, 364/145, 364/148, 364/420, 364/506, 47/17, 47/1.01, 47/DIG. 6, 47/1.01 R, 47/26, 47/58, 52/1
• US Class Current: 700/306
• CPC Class Codes: A01G 9/249 Lighting means with special arrangements for promoting growth A01G7/045
• CPC Class Codes: Y02A 40/25 Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 47/06 Plant growth regulation by control of light thereon

Abstract

A method for controlling greenhouse light employs first and second algorithms for controlling a supplemental lighting system and a shade control system, respectively, in a greenhouse. The lighting control algorithm controls actuation of electric lamps in the greenhouse based upon a plurality of rules. These rules employ weather and climate data, accumulated and calculated photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) data and off-peak electricity rate hour data to provide uniform daily integrated PPF values in the most cost efficient manner. The shade control algorithm works in conjunction with the lighting control algorithm to insure that the daily PPF values do not exceed a target value on days when the PPF accumulated from solar insolation exceeds the target value. The shade control algorithm operates very precisely to avoid an over shading condition which would require undesirable actuation of the supplemental lighting control system for compensation.

Claims

1. A method for controlling greenhouse light through selective actuation of a supplemental lighting system disposed in a greenhouse, said supplemental lighting system comprising at least one electric lamp which can be turned on to increase the photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) to which an interior of said greenhouse is exposed, said method comprising the steps of:

a) periodically calculating at a plurality of time intervals a desired total target value of the accumulated PPF to which said interior of said greenhouse is to be exposed during said intervals;

b) periodically determining at said plurality of time intervals the total amount of accumulated PPF to which said interior of said greenhouse is exposed;

c) comparing said target value of PPF to said determined amount of PPF for each said time interval; and

d) if said determined amount of PPF exceeds said target value of PPF for any of said time intervals, then turning off said supplemental lighting system at least until the next time interval if it is not already off.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

e) providing a time period during which said supplemental lighting system should be turned off;

f) if the current time is during said time period, regardless of whether the determined amount of PPF exceeds said target value of PPF during said time period, then turning off said supplemental lighting system at least until the next time interval if it is not already off.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

e) determining if the current time interval is during the time of year with average daily solar insolation greater than or equal to a predetermined value, and if so;

f) setting a lighting start delay interval appropriate to said greenhouse'"'"'s climate and the month of the year; and

g) if the current time is within said set delay interval, then turning off said supplemental lighting system at least until the next time interval if it is not already off.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

e) determining if the current time interval is both during the time of year during which the average solar insolation is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, and is between sunrise and sunset;

f) if said target value of PPF exceeds said determined amount of PPF for the current time interval, determining if the difference between the target value and the determined amount could be achieved by actuating said supplemental lighting system at the next time interval, regardless of the amount of PPF accumulated from solar insolation;

g) determining if the difference between the target value of PPF and the determined amount of PPF could be made up by a scaled portion of the total amount of PPF that can be generated by said supplemental lighting system during off-peak electricity rate hours; and

h) if the determinations in steps e), f) and g) are all affirmative, then turning off said supplemental lighting system at least until the next time interval if it is not already off.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

e) determining if the current time interval is between sunrise and sunset;

f) if said target value of PPF exceeds said determined amount of PPF for the current time interval, determining if the difference between the target value and the determined amount could be achieved by actuating said supplemental lighting system at the next time interval, regardless of the amount of PPF accumulated from solar insolation; and

g) if the determinations in steps e) and f) are both affirmative, then turning off said supplemental lighting system at least until the next time interval if it is not already off.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

e) if the current time interval is not during off-peak electricity rate hours and the difference between the target value of PPF and the determined amount of PPF during the current time interval could be made up by actuating said supplemental lighting control system only during off-peak electricity rate hours, then turning off said supplemental lighting system at least until the next time interval if it is not already off.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

e) determining if the current time interval is between sunset and the start of off-peak electricity rate hours;

f) determining if the difference between said target value of PPF and the determined amount of PPF during the current time interval could be made up during off-peak electricity rate hours alone; and

g) if the determinations in steps e) and f) are both affirmative, then turning off said supplemental lighting system at least until the next time interval if it is not already off.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

e) if a decision has been made to turn off said supplemental lighting system but the current time interval is during the time of the year with average daily solar insolation less than a predetermined value, then determining if the difference between the target value of PPF and the determined amount of PPF during the current time interval cannot be provided by actuating said supplemental lighting system at the next time interval, and if so,

f) negating said decision to turn off said supplemental lighting system.

9. The method of claim 3, further comprising the steps of:

h) if a decision has been made to turn off said supplemental lighting system but the current time interval is during the time of the year with average daily solar insolation less than said predetermined value, then determining if the difference between the target value of PPF and the determined amount of PPF during the current time interval cannot be provided by actuating said supplemental lighting system at the next time interval, and if so,

i) negating said decision to turn off said supplemental lighting system.

10. The method of claim 4, further comprising the steps of:

i) if a decision has been made to turn off said supplemental lighting system but the current time interval is during the time of the year with average daily solar insolation less than said predetermined value, then determining if the difference between the target value of PPF and the determined amount of PPF during the current time interval cannot be provided by actuating said supplemental lighting system at the next time interval, and if so,

j) negating said decision to turn off said supplemental lighting system.

11. The method of claim 5, further comprising the steps of:

h) if a decision has been made to turn off said supplemental lighting system but the current time interval is during the time of the year with average daily solar insolation less than a predetermined value, then determining if the difference between the target value of PPF and the determined amount of PPF during the current time interval cannot be provided by actuating said supplemental lighting system at the next time interval, and if so,

i) negating said decision to turn off said supplemental lighting system.

12. The method of claim 6, further comprising the steps of:

f) if a decision has been made to turn off said supplemental lighting system but the current time interval is during the time of the year with average daily solar insolation less than a predetermined value, then determining if the difference between the target value of PPF and the determined amount of PPF during the current time interval cannot be provided by actuating said supplemental lighting system at the next time interval, and if so,

g) negating said decision to turn off said supplemental lighting system.

13. The method of claim 7, further comprising the steps of:

h) if a decision has been made to turn off said supplemental lighting system but the current time interval is during the time of the year with average daily solar insolation less than a predetermined value, then determining if the difference between the target value of PPF and the determined amount of PPF during the current time interval cannot be provided by actuating said supplemental lighting system at the next time interval, and if so,

i) negating said decision to turn off said supplemental lighting system.

14. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

e) forming a projected value of the total PPF to be accumulated by the end of the current day based on the amount of PPF accumulated for the past time interval;

f) calculating a target value of PPF to be accumulated for the current day;

g) determining if said projected value of PPF to be accumulated by the end of the day exceeds said target value of PPF for the day, and if so,

h) causing a shade in said greenhouse to close if it is not already closed.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising the steps of:

i) forming a second projected value of PPF to be accumulated by the end of the day, said second projected value being based on the amount of PPF accumulated since sunrise;

j) determining if said second projected value exceeds said target value, and if so;

k) causing said shade to close if it is not already closed.

16. A method for controlling greenhouse light through selective actuation of a supplemental lighting system disposed in a greenhouse, said supplemental lighting system comprising at least one electric lamp which can be turned on to increase the photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) to which the greenhouse is exposed, said method comprising the steps of:

a) periodically calculating at a plurality of time intervals a desired total target value of the accumulated PPF to which said greenhouse is to be exposed during said intervals;

b) periodically determining at said plurality of time intervals the total amount of accumulated PPF to which an interior of said greenhouse is exposed;

c) comparing said target value of PPF to said determined amount of PPF for each said time interval;

d) if said determined amount of PPF exceeds said target value of PPF for any of said time intervals, then turning off said supplemental lighting system at least until the next time interval if it is not already off;

e) determining if the current time interval is during the time of year with average daily solar insolation greater than or equal to a predetermined value, and if so;

f) setting a lighting start delay interval appropriate to said greenhouse'"'"'s climate and the month of the year;

g) if the current time is within said set delay interval, then turning off said supplemental lighting system at least until the next time interval if it is not already off;

h) determining if the current time interval is both during the time of year during which the average solar insolation is greater than or equal to said predetermined value, and is between sunrise and sunset;

i) if said target value of PPF exceeds said determined amount of PPF for the current time interval, determining if the difference between the target value and the determined amount could be achieved by actuating said supplemental lighting system at the next time interval, regardless of the amount of PPF accumulated from solar insolation;

j) determining if the difference between the target value of PPF and the determined amount of PPF could be made up by a scaled portion of the total amount of PPF that can be generated by said supplemental lighting system during off-peak electricity rate hours; and

k) if the determinations in steps h), i) and j) are all affirmative, then turning off said supplemental lighting system at least until the next time interval if it is not already off.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising the step of:

l) if the current time interval is not during off-peak electricity rate hours and the difference between the target value of PPF and the determined amount of PPF during the current time interval could be made up by actuating said supplemental lighting control system only during off-peak electricity rate hours, then turning off said supplemental lighting system at least until the next time interval if it is not already off.

18. The method of claim 17, further comprising the steps of:

m) determining if the current time interval is between sunset and the start of off-peak electricity rate hours;

n) determining if the difference between said target value of PPF and the determined amount of PPF during the current time interval could be made up during off-peak electricity rate hours alone; and

o) if the determinations in steps m) and n) are both affirmative, then turning off said supplemental lighting system at least until the next time interval if it is not already off.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising the steps of:

p) if a decision has been made to turn off said supplemental lighting system but the current time interval is during the time of the year with average daily solar insolation less than said predetermined value, then determining if the difference between the target value of PPF and the determined amount of PPF during the current time interval cannot be provided by actuating said supplemental lighting system at the next time interval, and if so,

q) negating said decision to turn off said supplemental lighting system.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising the steps of:

r) providing a time period during which said supplemental lighting system should be turned off;

s) if the current time is during said time period, regardless of whether the determined amount of PPF exceeds said target value of PPF during said time period, then turning off said supplemental lighting system at least until the next time interval if it is not already off.

21. The method of claim 20, further comprising the steps of:

t) determining if the current time interval is both during the time of year during which the average solar insolation is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, and is between sunrise and sunset;

u) if said target value of PPF exceeds said determined amount of PPF for the current time interval, determining if the difference between the target value and the determined amount could be achieved by actuating said supplemental lighting system at the next time interval, regardless of the amount of PPF accumulated from solar insolation;

v) determining if the difference between the target value of PPF and the determined amount of PPF could be made up by a scaled portion of the total amount of PPF that can be generated by said supplemental lighting system during off-peak electricity rate hours; and

w) if the determinations in steps t), u) and v) are all affirmative, then turning off said supplemental lighting system at least until the next time interval if it is not already off.

22. A method for controlling greenhouse light through selective actuation of a movable shade system which selectively opens and closes a shade in said greenhouse, said method comprising the steps of:

a) calculating a desired daily target value of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) to which an interior of said greenhouse is to be exposed;

b) determining the total amount of PPF to which said interior of said greenhouse is exposed during a predetermined time interval;

c) making a projection of the total PPF to be accumulated by the end of the day based on the amount of PPF accumulated for said time interval;

d) if said projected accumulated PPF amount exceeds said target value, then closing said shade if it is not already closed.

23. The method of claim 22, further comprising the steps of:

e) determining the total amount of PPF to which the interior of said greenhouse has been exposed since sunrise;

f) making a second projection of the total PPF to be accumulated by the end of the day based on the PPF accumulated since sunrise; and

g) if said second projected accumulated PPF amount exceeds said daily PPF target value, then closing said shade if it is not already closed.

24. The method of claim 22, further comprising the steps of:

h) providing a supplemental lighting system in said greenhouse, said supplemental lighting system comprising at least one electric lamp which can be turned on to increase the PPF to which said greenhouse is exposed;

i) periodically calculating at a plurality of time intervals a desired target value of PPF to which said interior of said greenhouse is to be exposed;

j) periodically determining at said plurality of time intervals the amount of PPF to which said interior of said greenhouse is exposed;

k) comparing said target value of PPF to said determined amount of PPF for each said time interval; and

l) if said determined amount of PPF exceeds said target value of PPF for any of said time intervals, then turning off said supplemental lighting system at least until the next time interval if it is not already off.

25. A controller for selectively actuating a supplemental lighting system disposed in a greenhouse, and thereby controlling light in said greenhouse, said supplemental lighting system comprising at least one electric lamp which can be turned on to increase the photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) to which an interior of said greenhouse is exposed, said controller comprising means for:

a) periodically calculating at a plurality of the accumulated time intervals a desired total target value of PPF to which an interior of said greenhouse is to be exposed during said intervals;

b) periodically determining at said plurality of accumulated time intervals the total amount of PPF to which said interior of said greenhouse is exposed;

c) comparing said target value of PPF to said determined amount of PPF for each said time interval; and

d) turning off said supplemental lighting system at least until the next time interval if said determined amount of PPF exceeds said target value of PPF for any of said time intervals, and it is not already off.

26. The controller of claim 25, further including means for:

e) providing a time period during which said supplemental lighting system should be turned off; and

f) turning off said supplemental lighting system at least until the next time interval if it is not already off, and the current time is during said time period, regardless of whether the determined amount of PPF exceeds said target value of PPF during said time period.

27. The controller of claim 25, further including means for:

e) determining if the current time interval is during the time of year with average daily solar insolation greater than or equal to a predetermined value, and if so;

f) setting a lighting start delay interval appropriate to said greenhouse'"'"'s climate and the month of the year, and

g) turning off said supplemental lighting system at least until the next time interval if it is not already off, and the current time is within said set delay interval.

28. The controller of claim 25, further including means for:

e) determining if the current time interval is both during the time of year during which the average solar insolation is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, and is between sunrise and sunset;

f) if said target value of PPF exceeds said determined amount of PPF for the current time interval, determining if the difference between the target value and the determined amount could be achieved by actuating said supplemental lighting system at the next time interval, regardless of the amount of PPF accumulated from solar insolation,

g) determining if the difference between the target value of PPF and the determined amount of PPF could be made up by a scaled portion of the total amount of PPF that can be generated by said supplemental lighting system during off-peak electricity rate hours; and

h) turning off said supplemental lighting system at least until the next time interval if it is not already off, and the determinations in steps e), f) and g) are all affirmative.

29. The controller of claim 25, further including means for:

e) determining if the current time interval is between sunrise and sunset;

f) if said target value of PPF exceeds said determined amount of PPF for the current time interval, determining if the difference between the target value and the determined amount could be achieved by actuating said supplemental lighting system at the next time interval, regardless of the amount of PPF accumulated from solar insolation; and

g) turning off said supplemental lighting system at least until the next time interval if it is not already off, and the determinations in steps e) and f) are both affirmative.

30. The controller of claim 25, further including means for turning off said supplemental lighting system at least until the next time interval if it is not already off, the current time interval is not during off-peak electricity rate hours, and the difference between the target value of PPF and the determined amount of PPF during the current time interval could be made up by actuating said supplemental lighting control system only during off-peak electricity rate hours.

31. The controller of claim 25, further including means for:

e) determining if the current time interval is between sunset and the start of off-peak electricity rate hours;

f) determining if the difference between said target value of PPF and the determined amount of PPF during the current time interval could be made up during off-peak electricity rate hours alone; and

g) turning off said supplemental lighting system at least until the next time interval if it is not already off, and the determinations in steps e) and f) are both affirmative.

32. The controller of claim 25, further including shade actuation means for selectively opening and closing a movable shade disposed in said greenhouse, said shade actuation means further comprising means for:

e) forming a projected value of the total PPF to be accumulated by the end of the current day based on the amount of PPF accumulated for the past time interval;

f) calculating a target value of PPF to be accumulated for the current day;

g) determining if said projected value of PPF to be accumulated by the end of the day exceeds said target value of PPF for the day, and if so,

h) causing said shade to close if it is not already closed.

33. The controller of claim 32, wherein said shade actuation means further includes means for:

i) forming a second projected value of PPF to be accumulated by the end of the day, said second projected value being based on the amount of PPF accumulated since sunrise;

j) determining if said second projected value exceeds said target value, and if so;

k) causing said shade to close if it is not already closed.

34. A controller for selectively opening and closing a movable shade disposed in a greenhouse to control light in said greenhouse, said controller including means for:

a) calculating a desired daily target value of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) to which an interior of said greenhouse is to be exposed;

b) determining the total amount of PPF to which said interior of said greenhouse is exposed during a predetermined time interval;

c) making a projection of the total PPF to be accumulated by the end of the day based on the amount of PPF accumulated for said time interval; and

d) closing said shade if it is not already closed, and said projected accumulated PPF amount exceeds said target value.

35. The controller of claim 34, further including means for:

e) determining the total amount of PPF to which the interior of said greenhouse has been exposed since sunrise;

f) making a second projection of the total PPF to be accumulated by the end of the day based on the PPF accumulated since sunrise; and

g) closing said shade if it is not already closed, and said second projected accumulated PPF amount exceeds said daily PPF target value.

36. The controller of claim 34, further including light actuation means for selectively actuating a supplemental lighting system disposed in said greenhouse, said supplemental lighting system comprising at least one electric lamp which can be turned on to increase the PPF to which said greenhouse is exposed, said light actuation means further comprising means for:

a) periodically calculating at a plurality of time intervals a desired target value of PPF to which said interior of said greenhouse is to be exposed;

b) periodically determining at said plurality of time intervals the amount of PPF to which said interior of said greenhouse is exposed;

c) comparing said target value of PPF to said determined amount of PPF for each said time interval; and

d) turning off said supplemental lighting system at least until the next time interval if it is not already off, and said determined amount of PPF exceeds said target value of PPF for any of said time intervals.