Timing offset error extraction method and apparatus

• US 5,818,872 A
• Filed: 12/31/1996
• Issued: 10/06/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 12/31/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Original Assignee: Cirrus Logic Incorporated
• Inventors: Gupta, Sanjay
• Primary Examiner(s): Vo, Don N.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Le, Amanda T.
• Application Number:
  US08/778,729
• Time in Patent Office: 644 Days
• Field of Search: 375/222, 375/224, 375/226, 375/227, 375/285, 375/340, 375/346, 375/349, 379/416, 455/67.3, 455/67.4, 455/296, 455/303, 370/210, 370/252
• US Class Current: 375/222
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/027 extracting the synchronising or clock signal from the received signal spectrum, e.g. by using a resonant or bandpass circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/046 using a dotting sequence
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/08 the synchronisation signals recurring cyclically

Abstract

A periodic training signal is transmitted over a communications channel from a transmitter to a receiver. At the receiver, a spectrum estimation module is used to measure the spectrum of a set of uncorrected samples of the periodic training signal. The spectrum estimate is available at a discrete frequency spacing of an integer fraction (L>1) of the frequency spacing of the set of samples of the periodic training signal. A timing offset estimation module is then used to measure the ppm offset between the local and remote crystals. The timing offset estimation module runs in parallel with the spectrum estimation module. The spectrum estimate is convolved with the DFT of a periodic ramp function and the result squared to product an error spectrum. The error spectrum represents the error induced by differences between timing in the transmitter and receiver clock. The error spectrum is subtracted from the estimated spectrum to produce a corrected spectrum. The corrected spectrum may be used to generate an SNR spectrum to characterize the communications channel.

Claims

1. A method for correcting for timing offset between a transmitter clock and a receiver clock when determining signal to noise ratio spectrum for a communications channel, comprising the steps of:

generating a training signal at the transmitter;

transmitting the training signal over the communications channel;

receiving the training signal at the receiver;

generating an estimated spectrum of the received training signal;

estimating a timing offset between the first clock of the transmitter and the second clock of the receiver;

generating a fourier transform of the received training signal;

circularly convolving the fourier transform of the received training signal with a fourier transform of a periodic ramp function to produce an error spectrum; and

subtracting the error spectrum from the estimated spectrum of the received training signal to produce a corrected spectrum of the received training signal corrected for timing offset between the first clock of the transmitter and the second clock of the receiver.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:

weighting the fourier transform of the received training signal with a constant proportional to the timing offset to produce a weighted fourier transform of the received training signal;

wherein said step of circularly convolving the fourier transform of the received training signal with a fourier transform of a periodic ramp function to produce an error spectrum comprises the step of circularly convolving the weighted fourier transform of the received training signal with a fourier transform of a periodic ramp function to produce an error spectrum.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of circularly convolving the fourier transform of the received training signal with a fourier transform of a periodic ramp function to produce an error spectrum comprises the steps of:

circularly convolving the fourier transform of the received training signal with a fourier transform of a periodic ramp function to produce an error signal; and

squaring the error signal to produce an error spectrum.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein said step of circularly convolving the fourier transform of the received training signal with a fourier transform of a periodic ramp function comprises the steps of:

storing in a memory, a fourier transform of a period ramp function; and

circularly convolving the fourier transform of the received training signal with the fourier transform of a periodic ramp function stored in the memory to produce an error signal.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the periodic ramp function is a unit ramp function.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the fourier transform of the received training signal is a discrete fourier transform of the received training signal.

7. An apparatus for compensating for timing offset between a transmitter clock and a receiver clock when determining signal to noise ratio spectrum for a communications channel, comprising:

means for receiving a training signal transmitted by the transmitter over a communications channel;

a spectrum estimator for generating an estimated spectrum of the received training signal;

a timing offset estimator for estimating a timing offset between the transmitter clock and receiver clock;

a fourier transform generator for generating a fourier transform of the received training signal;

a circular convolution module for circularly convolving the fourier transform of the received training signal with a fourier transform of a periodic ramp function to produce an error spectrum; and

a spectrum subtractor for subtracting the error spectrum from the estimated spectrum of the received training signal to produce a corrected spectrum of the received training signal corrected for timing offset between the transmitter clock and the receiver clock.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising:

a weighting module for weighting the fourier transform of the received training signal output from the spectrum estimator with a constant proportional to the timing offset to produce a weighted fourier transform of the received training signal.

9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein said circular convolution module comprises:

memory for storing a discrete fourier transform of a periodic ramp function;

means for circularly convolving the fourier transform of the received training signal with the discrete fourier transform of a periodic ramp function stored in memory to produce an error signal; and

a squarer for squaring the error signal to produce an error spectrum.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said means for circularly convolving the fourier transform of the received training signal with a fourier transform of a periodic ramp function comprises:

a memory for storing a fourier transform of a period ramp function; and

means circularly convolving the fourier transform of the received training signal with the fourier transform of a periodic ramp function stored in said memory to produce an error signal.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the periodic ramp function is a unit ramp function.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the fourier transform of the received training signal is a discrete fourier transform of the received training signal.

13. A method for correcting a spectrum for timing offset, comprising the steps of:

generating an estimated spectrum of a received signal;

estimating a timing offset from the estimated spectrum;

generating a fourier transform of the received signal;

circularly convolving the fourier transform of the received signal with a fourier transform of a periodic ramp function to produce an error spectrum; and

subtracting the error spectrum from the estimated spectrum of the received signal to produce a spectrum corrected for timing offset.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising the step of:

weighting the fourier transform of the received signal with a constant proportional to the timing offset to produce a weighted fourier transform of the received signal;

wherein said step of circularly convolving the fourier transform of the received signal with a fourier transform of a periodic ramp function to produce an error spectrum comprises the step of circularly convolving the weighted fourier transform of the received signal with a fourier transform of a periodic ramp function to produce an error spectrum.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein said step of circularly convolving the fourier transform of the received signal with a fourier transform of a periodic ramp function to produce an error spectrum comprises the steps of:

circularly convolving the fourier transform of the received signal with a discrete fourier transform of a periodic ramp function to produce an error signal; and

squaring the error signal to produce an error spectrum.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein said step of circularly convolving the fourier transform of the received signal with a fourier transform of a periodic ramp function comprises the steps of:

storing in a memory, a fourier transform of a period ramp function; and

circularly convolving the fourier transform of the received signal with the fourier transform of a periodic ramp function stored in the memory to produce an error signal.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the periodic ramp function is a unit ramp function.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the fourier transform of the received signal is a discrete fourier transform of the received signal.

19. An apparatus for compensating for timing offset in a spectrum, comprising:

a spectrum estimator for generating an estimated spectrum of a received signal;

a timing offset estimator for estimating a timing offset from the estimated spectrum;

a circular convolution module for circularly convolving the fourier transform of the received signal with a fourier transform of a periodic ramp function to produce an error spectrum; and

a spectrum subtractor for subtracting the error spectrum from the estimated spectrum to produce a spectrum corrected for timing offset.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising:

a weighting module for weighting the fourier transform of the received signal output from the spectrum estimator with a constant proportional to the timing offset to produce a weighted fourier transform of the received signal.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein said circular convolution module comprises:

memory for storing a discrete fourier transform of a periodic ramp function;

means for circularly convolving the fourier transform of the received signal with the discrete fourier transform of a periodic ramp function stored in memory to produce an error signal; and

a squarer for squaring the error signal to produce an error spectrum.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein said means for circularly convolving the fourier transform of the received signal with a fourier transform of a periodic ramp function comprises:

a memory for storing a fourier transform of a period ramp function; and

means for circularly convolving the fourier transform of the received signal with the fourier transform of a periodic ramp function stored in the memory to produce an error signal.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the periodic ramp function is a unit ramp function.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the fourier transform of the received signal is a discrete fourier transform of the received signal.