Sector-based storage device emulator having variable-sized sector

• US 5,822,781 A
• Filed: 10/30/1992
• Issued: 10/13/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 10/30/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Original Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Inventors: Robinson, Kurt, Wells, Steven, Hasbun, Robert N.
• Primary Examiner(s): Chan, Eddie P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Nguyen, Hiep T.
• Application Number:
  US07/969,131
• Time in Patent Office: 2,174 Days
• Field of Search: 395/400, 395/425, 395/412, 395/430, 395/497.01, 395/497.02, 395/497.03, 395/497.04, 395/500, 365/900 MS, 365/185, 711/171, 711/172
• US Class Current: 711/171
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 12/0246 in block erasable memory, e.g. flash memory
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0625 Power saving in storage systems
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0626 Reducing size or complexity of storage systems
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/064 Management of blocks
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0688 Non-volatile semiconductor memory arrays
• CPC Class Codes: Y02D 10/00 Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management

Abstract

A solid state memory disk that stores data on a sector basis is described. The solid state disk includes an array of FLASH memory devices, which store the sectors of data. Each block of memory within the FLASH array includes data space for storing many sectors of data and a block sector translation table. The block sector translation table identifies each sector of data stored in the block'"'"'s data space by a sector number. The solid state disk also includes a controller. Among its many responsibilities, the controller manages the writing of sector data into the array and the reading of sectors of data from the array. The controller responds to a write request by seeking an earlier version of the sector which has a logical sector number equal to the sector'"'"'s sector number and marking that sector dirty. Afterward, the controller allocates free memory space for the sector of data. The sector of data is then written into the allocated memory space. The controller reads sectors of data by seeking a sector header translation table to convert sector numbers into physical addresses.

Claims

1. An apparatus for emulating a sector-based storage device, comprising:

a plurality of individually erasable blocks of nonvolatile memory organized as logical blocks, wherein each logical block comprises at least one individually erasable block of the nonvolatile memory, the nonvolatile memory storing first sector data associated with a sector number at a first location within the nonvolatile memory; and

a microprocessor that receives superseding second sector data associated with the sector number, the microprocessor storing the second sector data at a second location within the nonvolatile memory, wherein the first and second locations are not a same location, wherein an amount of space allocated to the second sector data is not equal to an amount of space allocated to the first sector data.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a charge pump coupled to provide suitable erasure and programming voltages for the nonvolatile memory.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a buffer for storing data communicated between the microprocessor and an external device.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein each of the first and second sector data has an associated header, the header including the sector number and an offset representing a location of the associated sector data within a selected logical block.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the header includes a cyclical redundancy check number for determining the reliability of the header.

6. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the header includes attribute data for describing a data space associated with the header.

7. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the attribute data indicates whether the data space is storing compressed data.

8. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the attribute data indicates whether the data space is storing any associated data.

9. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the attribute data indicates whether the data space is marked invalid.

10. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the attribute data includes a revision number.

11. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the attribute data indicates whether the data space corresponds to a bad track.

12. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein a number of times the selected logical block has been erased is stored in a block attribute data structure within the memory system.

13. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a number of times a selected logical block has been written to is stored in a block attribute data structure within the memory system.

14. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein defect information specific to a selected logical block is stored in a block attribute data structure within the memory system.

15. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the nonvolatile memory comprises flash electrically erasable programmable read only memory.

16. An apparatus for emulating a sector-based storage device, comprising:

a plurality of individually erasable blocks of nonvolatile memory organized as logical blocks for storing sector data associated with sector number, wherein each logical block comprises at least one individually erasable block of the nonvolatile memory; and

a microprocessor, wherein the microprocessor stores the sector data received from an external device within a selected logical block of the nonvolatile memory, wherein an amount of space allocated for the sector data within the selected logical block varies in accordance with a variable size of the sector data.

17. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein the sector number and an offset indicating the location of the sector data within the selected logical block are stored in a header in the nonvolatile memory.

18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the header is stored within the selected logical block.

19. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the header includes a cyclical redundancy check number for determining the reliability of the header.

20. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the header includes attribute data for describing a data space associated with the header .

21. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein the attribute data indicates whether the sector data is compressed.

22. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein the attribute data indicates whether the data space contains sector data.

23. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein the attribute data indicates whether the data space is marked invalid.

24. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein the attribute data includes a revision number.

25. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein the attribute data indicates whether the data space corresponds to a bad track.

26. The apparatus of claim 16 having a sector header translation table stored within the memory system, wherein each entry in the sector translation table is a pointer which indicates a header location for a given sector number.

27. The sector translation table of claim 26, wherein the header location is associated with one or more headers in a same logical block.

28. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein a number of times the selected logical block has been erased is stored in a block attribute data structure within the memory system.

29. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein a number of times sector data has been written to the selected logical block is stored in a block attribute data structure within the memory system.

30. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein defect information specific to the selected logical block is stored in a block attribute data structure within the memory system.

31. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein the nonvolatile memory comprises flash electrically erasable programmable read only memory.