Nebulizer apparatus and method

• US 5,823,179 A
• Filed: 02/13/1996
• Issued: 10/20/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 02/13/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Trudell Medical International (Trudell Medical Limited)
• Original Assignee: 1263152 Ontario Inc.
• Inventors: Grychowski, Jerry R., Baran, George, Foley, Martin P.
• Primary Examiner(s): Weiss, John G.
• Assistant Examiner(s): SRIVASTAVA, VIRENDRA KUMAR
• Application Number:
  US08/600,419
• Time in Patent Office: 980 Days
• Field of Search: 128/200.14, 128/200.18, 128/200.19, 128/200.21, 128/202.28, 128/202.29, 128/203.11, 128/205.15, 239/338
• US Class Current: 128/200.18
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 11/002 by flow deviation causing inertial separation of transported particles
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 11/06 of the injector type
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 15/0021 Mouthpieces therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 15/008 Electronic counters
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 15/0091 mechanically breath-triggered
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 15/0093 without arming or cocking, e.g. acting directly on the delivery valve
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0833 T- or Y-type connectors, e.g. Y-piece
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/107 in the inspiratory path
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/206 Capsule valves, e.g. mushroom, membrane valves
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/0027 pressure meter
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3306 Optical measuring means

Abstract

An apparatus and method for providing a nebula or aerosol to a patient. In one aspect, a nebulizer is pressure sensitive so that nebulization is coordinated with a breathing cycle of the patient. The nebulizer includes a movable gas diverter that diverts pressurized gas across a liquid outlet. The diverter is moved in response to the patient'"'"'s breathing cycle. In one aspect, a biasing member moves the diverter. According to another aspect of the nebulizer, an annular liquid orifice disperses an aerosol in a radial direction in response to a pressurized gas flow from an orifice located concentrically thereto. Multiple liquid orifices may be provided. In a further aspect of the nebulizer, a reservoir includes an upper, wide portion and a lower narrow portion to apply relatively uniform pressure at a liquid orifice.

Claims

1. A nebulizer comprising:

a housing having a chamber for holding an aerosol;

a chamber air outlet communicating with said chamber for permitting said aerosol to be withdrawn from said chamber;

a liquid outlet located in said chamber;

a pressurized gas outlet located in said chamber adjacent to said liquid outlet; and

a movable diverter located in said chamber and spaced from said pressurized gas outlet and said liquid outlet by a variable height nebulizing gap, wherein said movable diverter is movable between a nebulizing position and a non-nebulizing position so as to divert pressurized gas from said gas outlet across said liquid outlet to produce said aerosol in cycles in response to a patient'"'"'s breathing.

2. The nebulizer of claim 1 wherein said diverter discontinues nebulization during patient exhalation.

3. The nebulizer of claim 1 further comprising:

a biasing member connected to said diverter.

4. The invention of claim 3 wherein said biasing member comprises a flexible membrane.

5. The invention of claim 3 wherein said biasing member comprises a spring.

6. The invention of claim 1 wherein said nebulizer comprises multiple liquid outlets located in said chamber.

7. The invention of claim 1 further comprising:

an air inlet communicating with ambient air connected to a chamber air outlet located in said chamber.

8. The invention of claim 1 comprising a suction chamber communicating with said chamber.

9. The invention of claim 1 further comprising:

a means for limiting movement of said diverter.

10. The invention of claim 1 wherein during an inhalation, said diverter is moved towards said gas outlet and forms said gap therewith such that said pressurized gas is directed in a radial direction away from said gas outlet into said chamber, said pressurized gas drawing liquid from said liquid outlet.

11. The nebulizer of claim 1 wherein said diverter is movable into a non-nebulizing position away from said gas outlet.

12. The invention of claim 1 wherein said liquid outlet has an annular shape surrounding said gas outlet.

13. A nebulizer comprising:

a housing having a chamber for holding an aerosol;

an air outlet communicating with said chamber for permitting said aerosol to be withdrawn from said chamber;

a liquid outlet located in said chamber;

a pressurized gas outlet located in said chamber adjacent to said liquid outlet; and

means for cycling generation of an aerosol from said liquid outlet, wherein said cycling means comprises a variable height nebulizing gap defined at a first boundary by a movable gas diverter and defined at a second boundary by said liquid outlet and said pressurized gas outlet, said gas diverter movable between a nebulizing position and a non-nebulizing position by changes in pressure associated with breathing of a patient.

14. The invention of claim 13 further comprising:

a diverter located in said chamber and relative to said pressurized gas outlet and said liquid outlet to divert pressurized gas from said gas outlet across said liquid outlet.

15. The invention of claim 13 wherein said generation cycling means comprises a biasing member connected to said diverter to move said diverter into and out of a nebulizing position relative to said liquid outlet.

16. The invention of claim 13 further comprising a biasing member connected to said gas diverter and adapted to bias said gas diverter toward said non-nebulizing position.

17. The invention of claim 13 wherein said generation cycling means is responsive to changes in pressure caused by a ventilator.

18. The invention of claim 13 further comprising:

a ventilator circuit; and

wherein said chamber connects to said ventilator circuit to deliver said aerosol thereto.

19. The invention of claim 13 further comprising:

a ventilator circuit, and wherein said air outlet connects to a chamber inspiratory portion of said ventilator circuit.

20. The invention of claim 13 further comprising:

a ventilator circuit;

and wherein said housing includes;

an air inlet into said chamber;

wherein said air inlet connects to an inspiratory portion of said ventilator circuit to receive airflow therefrom; and

wherein said air outlet connects to a patient.

21. The invention of claim 13 further comprising:

a ventilator circuit including an inspiratory portion and an expiratory portion; and

wherein said cycling generation means is connected to said expiratory portion.

22. The invention of claim 13 further comprising:

a ventilator circuit including an inspiratory portion and an expiratory portion; and

wherein said cycling generation means is connected to said inspiratory portion.

23. The invention of claim 13 further comprising:

a ventilator circuit including an inspiratory portion and an expiratory portion; and

wherein said cycling generation means is connected to both said inspiratory portion and said expiratory portion.

24. The invention of claim 13 further comprising:

a ventilator circuit including an inspiratory portion and an expiratory portion; and

and wherein cycling generation means comprises;

a biasing member, connected to said housing and responsive to changes in pressure; and

a means for conveying pressure between said expiratory portion and said biasing member.

25. The invention of claim 13 further comprising:

a mouthpiece; and

wherein said air outlet connects to said mouthpiece.

26. A nebulizer for providing an aerosol flow of a medicine to a patient comprising:

a housing having a chamber and a liquid reservoir;

a biasing member attached to said housing;

a first nozzle positioned inside said housing, said first nozzle having a first pressurized gas outlet and a first liquid outlet, said first pressurized gas outlet connected to a source of pressurized gas and first said liquid outlet connected to said liquid reservoir; and

at least one adjustable gas diverter opposite said first nozzle and biased by said biasing member to an initial position, wherein said at least one adjustable gas diverter is movable from said initial position to a predetermined distance from said first pressurized gas outlet in response to a force from an inhalation of the patient.

27. The invention of claim 26 further comprising:

a second nozzle outlet located in said chamber, said second nozzle comprising;

a second gas outlet; and

a second liquid outlet; and

wherein said at least one diverter is located adjacent both said gas outlets to direct pressurized gas from said gas outlets across said liquid outlets to cause nebulization thereof.

28. The nebulizer of claim 27 wherein said diverter is a single diverter.

29. The nebulizer of claim 28 wherein said single diverter includes multiple diverting areas.

30. The nebulizer of claim 28 including multiple diverters.

31. The nebulizer of claim 27 further comprising:

a third nozzle outlet located in said chamber, said third nozzle comprising;

a third gas outlet; and

a third liquid outlet located in said chamber, said third liquid outlet having an annular shape encircling said third gas outlet.

32. The nebulizer of claim 31 wherein said diverter is located adjacent to said third nozzle to direct pressurized gas from said third gas outlet across said third annular liquid outlet to cause nebulization of liquid therefrom.

33. The nebulizer of claim 27 further comprising:

a biasing member connected to said diverter and adapted to move said diverter into a non-nebulizing position away from said gas outlet in response to breathing of air through said chamber.

34. A method of supplying nebulized medication to a patient comprising the steps of:

providing a nebulizer having a chamber outlet for delivery to a patient, a chamber, a biasing member attached to said chamber, and a gas diverter attached to said biasing member inside said chamber;

inhaling air from said chamber through said patient outlet;

moving said biasing member with the force of said inhaled air, said biasing member moving said gas diverter from an initial position to a predetermined distance from a pressurized gas outlet;

causing a negative pressure over a liquid outlet by injecting pressurized air from said gas outlet and deflecting said air into said chamber with said gas diverter; and

drawing medication through said liquid outlet with said negative pressure.

35. The method of claim 34 further comprising the steps of:

exhaling into said nebulizer through said chamber;

outlet and

decreasing said negative pressure over said liquid outlet so that no medication is drawn through said liquid outlet.

36. The method of claim 35 wherein the step of decreasing the negative pressure comprises unflexing said membrane with the force of the exhaled air and moving said gas diverter to an initial position.

37. The method of claim 34 wherein said medication avoids substantially impacting a surface after being drawn from said liquid outlet.

38. The method of claim 34 wherein a substantially constant flow of pressurized gas is after being drawn from said liquid outlet.

39. The method of claim 34 further comprising the step of:

manually bringing the diverter into proximity with the nozzle to cause nebulization to occur.

40. The method of claim 39 further comprising the step of:

biasing one of the diverter and the nozzle to cause the diverter and the nozzle to move out of proximity with each other to cause nebulization to cease.

41. A nebulizer for nebulizing a medication during a patient'"'"'s inhalation stage comprising:

a housing having a chamber, a chamber air outlet connected to said chamber, and a liquid reservoir;

a biasing member attached to said housing;

an air passageway comprising a hollow tube connecting an ambient air opening to a chamber opening located in said chamber;

a variable height nebulizing gap defined at a first boundary by a movable breath-sensitive gas diverter and defined at a second boundary by a fixed nozzle, said gas diverter movable to a nebulizing position by said patient'"'"'s inhalation, said gas diverter movable to a non-nebulizing position by said patient'"'"'s exhalation; and

said nozzle positioned inside said housing opposite said adjustable gas diverter, said nozzle having a pressurized gas outlet and a liquid outlet, said liquid outlet connected to said liquid reservoir.

42. The invention of claim 41 wherein said liquid outlet has an annular shape encircling said gas outlet.

43. The nebulizer of claim 42 wherein said chamber comprises multiple annular liquid outlet orifices.

44. The nebulizer of claim 43 wherein each of said multiple annular liquid outlet orifices surrounds a gas orifice.

45. A nebulizer comprising:

a housing defining a chamber;

a gas outlet located in said chamber;

a liquid outlet located in said chamber, said liquid outlet located adjacent said gas outlet so that pressurized gas from said gas outlet is directed across said liquid outlet to cause nebulization thereof;

a ring baffle located in said chamber on an inner wall of said housing; and

an adjustable gas diverter opposite said liquid outlet and said gas outlet and biased by a biasing member to an initial position, wherein said adjustable gas diverter is movable from said initial position to a predetermined distance from said liquid outlet and said gas outlet in response to a force from an inhalation of a patient.

46. The invention of claim 45 wherein said liquid outlet has an annular shape encircling said gas outlet.

47. The nebulizer of claim 46 wherein said chamber air outlet communicates with an air passageway with one end open to said chamber and another end communicating with ambient.

49. The nebulizer of claim 46 wherein said chamber air outlet comprises an annular opening located around said diverter.

50. The nebulizer of claim 46 wherein said chamber air outlet communicates with an air passageway including a suction chamber.

48. The nebulizer of claim wherein said chamber air outlet comprises an annular opening located around said liquid outlet.

51. A nebulizer comprising:

a housing having a chamber for holding an aerosol and a reservoir for holding a liquid to be nebulized,

said reservoir comprising;

a first relatively wide portion; and

a second relatively narrow but high portion located underneath the first portion;

a gas outlet located in said chamber;

a liquid outlet located in said chamber and communicating with a liquid reservoir opening located in said second portion of said reservoir; and

an adjustable gas diverter opposite said liquid outlet and said gas outlet and biased by a biasing member to an initial position, wherein said adjustable gas diverter is movable from said initial position to a predetermined distance from said liquid outlet and said gas outlet in response to a force from an inhalation of a patient.

52. The nebulizer of claim 51 wherein said reservoir further comprises:

an intermediate portion located between said first portion and said second portion.

53. The nebulizer of claim 51 wherein a substantially greater portion of said liquid to be nebulized is initially contained in said first portion, and a substantially lesser portion of said liquid is contained in said second portion.

54. A nebulizer for providing an aerosol flow of a medicine to a patient comprising:

a housing having a chamber;

a nozzle located in said chamber, said nozzle having a gas outlet and a liquid outlet;

a diverter opposite said nozzle;

wherein the diverter is movable into a nebulizing position in proximity with said nozzle and into a non-nebulizing position out of proximity with said nozzle as a function of a pressure difference resulting from a patient'"'"'s breathing.

55. The nebulizer of claim 54 wherein said region adjacent thereto is ambient.

56. The nebulizer of claim 54 wherein said region adjacent thereto is a pressure line from a ventilator connected to an exhalation valve.

57. The nebulizer of claim 54 further comprising:

a biasing means connected to the diverter for moving the diverter into and out of proximity with said nozzle, and wherein said diverter has an area of a first size and wherein said biasing means has an area of a second size, wherein said second size is substantially larger than the first size.

58. In combination:

an apparatus for generating an aerosol, said apparatus having a gas inlet and an aerosol outlet; and

means for cycling generation of an aerosol from said outlet in coordination with a physiological cycle of a patient, wherein said cycling means comprises a variable height nebulizing gap defined at a first boundary by a movable gas diverter and defined at a second boundary by said aerosol outlet, said gas diverter movable between a nebulizing position and a non-nebulizing position by said patient'"'"'s inhalation and exhalation.

59. The invention of claim 58 wherein said apparatus comprises a vaporizer.

60. The invention of claim 58 wherein said cycling means comprises:

tubing connected between said aerosol outlet and said gas inlet, and

a valve connected to said tubing and operable to regulate gas flow to said inlet.

61. The invention of claim 58 further comprising:

a sensor connected to the apparatus for generating an aerosol, said sensor operative to monitor said aerosol generation cycling means to provide a count of cycles.

62. The invention of claim 58 further comprising:

indicator means associated with said cycling means to provide a confirmation of operation.

63. The invention of claim 62 wherein said indicator means further comprises a pair of colored markings visible on an outside portion of said nebulizer.

64. The invention of claim 58 further comprising:

a spacer having an inlet connected to said aerosol outlet.

65. The invention of claim 58 wherein said apparatus further comprises:

an housing defining a chamber forming a reservoir for holding a liquid to be aerosolized, wherein said gas inlet connects to a nozzle located in said chamber and said aerosol outlet connects to said housing;

and wherein said aerosol cycling means comprises;

a flexible diaphragm responsive to changes in pressure in said chamber; and

a shield connected to said flexible diaphragm, said shield movable between positions to cause cycling of said aerosol from said aerosol outlet.