Hiding a source identifier within a signal

• US 5,826,227 A
• Filed: 12/18/1995
• Issued: 10/20/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 12/18/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Lucent Technologies, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Lucent Technologies, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Jayant, Nuggehally Sampath
• Primary Examiner(s): Hudspeth, David R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): EDOUARD, PATRICK NESTOR
• Application Number:
  US08/573,738
• Time in Patent Office: 1,037 Days
• Field of Search: 395/2.1, 395/2.35-2.37, 395/2.38, 395/2.39, 395/2.91
• US Class Current: 704/229
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00007 Time or data compression or expansion audio compression based on psychoacoustics G10L19/00; data processing for reproducing audio data at different playback speeds G10L21/04; video compression H04N19/00; data compression per se H03M7/30
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/10527 Audio or video recording; Data buffering arrangements G11B20/12 - G11B20/18 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04H 20/31 using in-band signals, e.g. subsonic or cue signal
• CPC Class Codes: H04H 2201/20 digital audio broadcasting [DAB]
• CPC Class Codes: H04H 2201/50 characterised by the use of watermarks

Abstract

A digital audio broadcasting system incorporates a perceptual audio coder that encodes a digital audio signal for broadcast. A "source label" is provided by controlling the perceptual audio coder in such a way that the number of coefficient samples, n, used in each transmission frame represents information about the source. For example, if the value of n is odd, then a binary "1" is transmitted, but if the value of n is even, then a binary "0" is transmitted. As a result, a low-bit rate "source label" is transmitted over a number of frames. In a receiver, the source of the digital audio signal is identified by simply monitoring the value of n over the number of frames. More importantly, the value of n in each frame is required by a corresponding perceptual audio decoder, in the receiver, to correctly recover the digital audio signal. As a result, the "source label" is inseparable from the encoded digital audio signal since any tampering of the value of n after transmission distorts not only the "source label" but affects the recovery of the digital audio signal as well.

Claims

1. A method for compressing an original signal to provide a compressed signal, the method comprising the steps of:

associating a sequence of data bits with a source label; and

compressing the original signal to provide the compressed signal such that the data representing the compressed signal is selected as a function of the original signal and values of ones of the sequence of data bits.

2. A method for compressing an original signal to provide a compressed signal, the method comprising the steps of:

associating a sequence of data bits with a source label; and

compressing the original signal to provide a compressed signal representing a sequence of frames, each frame including a number of coefficients that represent some of the data representing the compressed signal, such that in at least some of the frames the respective number of coefficients is selected as a function of values of ones of the sequence data bits associated with the source label.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the compressing step uses perceptual coding.

4. The method of claim 2 wherein a portion of the associated sequence of data bits includes error protection bits.

5. The method of claim 2 wherein the compressing step includes the steps of:

selecting an even number of coefficients in each frame if a value of ones of the sequence of data bits is a first binary value; and

selecting an odd number of coefficients in each frame if a value of ones of the sequence of data bits is the other binary value.

6. A method for embedding data within an information signal, the method comprising the steps of:

perceptually coding an input signal to provide the information signal, which comprises a number of frames, each frame comprising a number of perceptual coding coefficients; and

during the coding step adjusting the number of perceptual coding coefficients in at least some of the frames as a function of a bit value of the data such that over the number of frames the data is embedded within the information signal.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein the input signal is an audio signal.

8. The method of claim 6 wherein the input signal is a multi-media signal.

9. A method for integrating a source label into an encoded signal, the method comprising the steps of:

associating a sequence of data bits with the source label;

encoding a signal to provide the encoded signal, where the encoded signal comprises a number of frames, each frame including at least one parameter that is required by a receiver to correctly recover the signal where in at least some of the frames the at least one parameter is also selected as a function of values of ones of the sequence of data bits representing the source label.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein a portion of the sequence of data bits associated with the source label provides error protection.

11. The method of claim 9 wherein the signal represents audio information.

12. The method of claim 9 wherein the signal represents multi-media information.

13. A method for encoding a signal comprising the steps of:

providing a sequence of data bits representative of a source label; and

perceptually coding the signal to provide coefficients representing an encoded signal over a sequence of frames such that a number of coefficients in at least some of the frames of the encoded signal is selected as a function of both signal characteristics of the signal and values of ones of the sequence of data bits.

14. A method for use in compressing a signal comprising the steps of:

providing a sequence of data bits representative of a source label; and

compressing the signal to provide coefficients representing a compressed signal over a sequence of frames such that a number of coefficients in at least some of the frames of the compressed signal is selected as a function of both signal characteristics of the signal and values of ones of the sequence of data bits.

15. A method for recovering a signal, the method comprising the steps of:

receiving an encoded signal; and

decoding the signal to provide both the signal and a source label;

wherein the decoding step includes the steps of

recovering from the encoded signal at least one sequence of coefficients;

using a decompressor for forming the signal as a function of a value of each coefficient; and

using a decoder for forming the source label as a function of the number of coefficients in the sequence.

16. A method for recovering a signal, the method comprising the steps of:

receiving a compressed signal; and

decompressing the compressed signal to provide the signal and a source label such that the signal is recovered as a function of individual data values representing the compressed signal and the source label is recovered as a function of a number of data values representing the compressed signal.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein each data value is a coefficient and the compressed signal represents a sequence of frames and the decompressing step includes the steps of:

recovering from each frame of the compressed signal a number of coefficients, each coefficient representing a sample of the signal;

processing each one of the number of coefficients from each frame to provide the signal; and

decoding the value of the number of coefficients in each frame to recover the source label.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein the decoding step includes the steps of:

detecting a first binary value if the value of the number of coefficients is odd; and

detecting the other binary value if the value of the number of coefficients is even.

19. Apparatus for compressing a signal, the apparatus comprising:

a source of a sequence of data bits representing a source label; and

a compressor that compresses the signal to provide a compressed signal such that data representing the compressed signal is selected as a function of the signal and values of ones of the sequence of data bits.

20. Apparatus for compressing a signal, the apparatus comprising:

a source of a sequence of data bits representing a source label; and

a compressor that compresses the signal to provide a compressed signal representing a sequence of frames, each frame including a number of coefficients such that in at least some of the frames the respective number of coefficients is selected as a function of values of ones of the sequence data bits associated with the source label.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the compressor is a perceptual coder.

22. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein a portion of the sequence of data bits representing the source label includes error protection bits.

23. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein the compressor selects an even number of coefficients in each frame if a value of ones of the sequence of data bits is a first binary value, and selects an odd number of coefficients in each frame if a value of ones of the sequence of data bits is the other binary value.

24. Apparatus for compressing a signal, the apparatus comprising:

a source for providing data; and

a perceptual coder responsive to the signal to provide a compressed signal, which comprises a number of frames, each frame comprising a number of perceptual coding coefficients where the perceptual coder adjusts the number of perceptual coding coefficients in at least some of the frames as a function of a bit value of the data such that over the number of frames the data is embedded within the information signal.

25. The apparatus of claim 24 wherein the signal is an audio signal.

26. The apparatus of claim 24 wherein the signal is a multi-media signal.

27. Apparatus for integrating a source label into an encoded signal, the apparatus comprising:

a source label encoder for providing a sequence of data bits associated with the source label;

an encoder for encoding a signal to provide the encoded signal, where the encoded signal comprises a number of frames, each frame including at least one parameter that is required by a receiver to correctly recover the signal where in at least some of the frames the at least one parameter is also selected as a function of values of ones of the sequence of data bits associated with the source label.

28. The apparatus of claim 27 wherein a portion of the sequence of data bits associated with the source label provides error protection.

29. The apparatus of claim 27 wherein the signal represents audio information.

30. The apparatus of claim 27 wherein the signal represents multi-media information.

31. Apparatus for encoding a signal, the apparatus comprising:

means for providing a sequence of data bits representative of a source label; and

means for perceptually coding the signal to provide coefficients representing an encoded signal over a sequence of frames such that a number of coefficients in at least some of the frames of the encoded signal is selected as a function of both signal characteristics of the signal and values of ones of the sequence of data bits.

32. Apparatus for use in compressing a signal, the apparatus comprising:

means for providing a sequence of data bits representative of a source label; and

means for compressing the signal to provide coefficients representing a compressed signal over a sequence of frames such that a number of coefficients in at least some of the frames of the compressed signal is selected as a function of both signal characteristics of the signal and values of ones of the sequence of data bits.

33. Apparatus for recovering a signal, the apparatus comprising:

means for receiving an encoded signal; and

means for decoding the signal to provide both the signal and a source label by a) recovering from the encoded signal at least one sequence of coefficients, b) forming the signal by performing a decompression as a function of a value of each coefficient, and c) forming the source label as a function of the number of coefficients in the sequence.

34. Apparatus for recovering a signal, the apparatus comprising:

means for receiving a compressed signal; and

means for decompressing the compressed signal to provide the signal and a source label such that the signal is recovered as a function of individual data values representing the compressed signal and the source label is recovered as a function of a number of data values representing the compressed signal.

35. The apparatus of claim 34 wherein each data value is a coefficient and the compressed signal represents a sequence of frames and the decompressing means recovers from each frame of the compressed signal a number of coefficients, each coefficient representing a sample of the signal and processes each one of the number of coefficients from each frame to provide the signal;

and further includes a means for decoding the value of the number of coefficients in each frame to recover the source label.

36. The apparatus of claim 35 wherein the means for decoding detects a first binary value if the value of the number of coefficients is odd, and detects the other binary value if the value of the number of coefficients is even.

37. A receiver comprising:

a perceptual decoder for recovering an original signal from a compressed signal, where the compressed signal represents a number of frames, each frame including a number of coefficients that are used to recover the original signal; and

a source label decoder responsive to the number of coefficients of each frame for recovering a source label therefrom.

38. The apparatus of claim 37 further comprising a display for showing the source label.

39. Apparatus for encoding a signal comprising:

a source label encoder for providing a sequence of data bits representative of a source label;

a perceptual coder for encoding the signal to provide an encoded signal over a sequence of frames such that a number of coefficients in at least some of the frames of the encoded signal is selected as a function of both signal characteristics of the signal and values of ones of the sequence of data bits.

40. Apparatus for monitoring a signal, the apparatus comprising:

receiver circuitry for receiving a compressed information signal representing a number of frames, each frame including a number of coefficients for use in decompressing the information signal; and

monitor circuitry for providing a source label as a function of the value of the number of coefficients in each frame.

41. The apparatus of claim 40 further comprising display circuitry for showing the source label.

42. The apparatus of claim 40 wherein the monitor circuitry includes a codebook where if the value of the number of coefficients for respective frame is even a first binary value is detected for that frame, while if the value of the number of coefficients is odd the other binary value is detected for that frame.

43. The apparatus of claim 40 wherein the monitor circuitry includes a decompressor responsive to the number of coefficients in each frame for decompressing the information signal.