Method and apparatus for testing, completion and/or maintaining wellbores using a sensor device

• US 5,829,520 A
• Filed: 06/24/1996
• Issued: 11/03/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 02/14/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Baker Hughes Incorporated (Baker Hughes Company)
• Original Assignee: Baker Hughes Incorporated (Baker Hughes Company)
• Inventors: Johnson, Michael H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Neuder, William P.
• Application Number:
  US08/668,763
• Time in Patent Office: 862 Days
• Field of Search: 166/250.01, 166/252.2, 166/66, 73/152.06, 73/152.54, 73/866.1, 73/431
• US Class Current: 166/250.01
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 43/086 Screens with preformed openings, e.g. slotted liners comprising porous materials E21B43/082
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 43/11 Perforators; Permeators
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 47/01 Devices for supporting measuring instruments on drill bits, pipes, rods or wirelines; Protecting measuring instruments in boreholes against heat, shock, pressure or the like
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 49/10 using side-wall fluid samplers or testers

Abstract

The present invention is an improved method and apparatus for testing and monitoring wellbore operations. The invention is (1) a data acquisition device capable of monitoring, recording wellbore and/or reservoir characteristics while capable of fluid flow control; and (2) a method of monitoring and/or recording at least one downhole characteristic during testing, completion and/or maintenance of a wellbore. The invention includes an assembly within a casing string comprising a sensor probe having an optional flow port allowing fluid flow while sensing wellbore and/or reservoir characteristics. It also includes a microprocessor, a transmitting device, and a controlling device located in the casing string for processing and transmitting real time data. A memory device is also provided for recording data relating to the monitored wellbore or reservoir characteristics. Examples of downhole characteristics which may be monitored include: temperature, pressure, fluid flow rate and type, formation resistivity, cross-well and acoustic sesmometry, perforation depth, fluid characteristic or logging data. With the microprocessor, hydrocarbon production performance maybe enhanced by activating local operations in additional associated downhole equipment, e.g., water shut-off operations at a particular zone, maintaining desired performance of a well by controlling flow in multiple wellbores, zone mapping on a cumulative basis, flow control operations, spacing casing and its associated flow ports in multiple zone wellbores, maintaining wellbore and/or reservoir pressure, sensing perforation characteristics, sensing reservoir characteristics or any number of other operations.

Claims

1. A device for monitoring a reservoir in a wellbore, said wellbore having at least one target formation and having a tubular member comprising casing or production tubing;

said device for monitoring further comprising;

at least one sensor comprising an information retrieval device, being mounted on the tubular member on a probe such that said sensor is retained substantially within said tubular member until it is positioned adjacent the target formation whereupon said probe is extendable with said sensor to position said sensor adjacent the target formation for gathering wellbore characteristic data therefrom.

2. The device of claim 1, further comprising:

a plurality of sensors mounted in a predetermined symmetrical pattern along the length of the tubular member.

3. The device of claim 1, further comprising:

a plurality of sensors mounted on the tubular member for monitoring a hydrocarbon reservoir in the target formation.

4. The device of claim 1, further comprising:

a plurality of sensors mounted on the tubular member for monitoring reservoir fluid in the target formation.

5. The device of claim 1, further comprising:

a plurality of sensors mounted on the tubular member at predetermined angular positions around the tubular member.

6. The device of claim 5 wherein:

said plurality of sensors are positioned around the tubular member in an isotropic manner for sensing formation characteristics in all directions of the wellbore.

7. The device of claim 1, further comprising:

a plurality of sensors positioned on the tubular member in a straight line along a portion of the tubular member'"'"'s axial length.

8. The device of claim 1, further comprising:

a plurality of sensors in a plurality of probes which measure resistivity of the formation when extended toward the sidewall of the wellbore.

9. The device of claim 1 wherein:

the sensor comprises an information retrieval device capable of monitoring chemical, mechanical, electrical or heat energy located in an area adjacent the sensor.

10. The device of claim 1 wherein the sensor monitors any one of the following wellbore characteristics:

temperature, pressure, fluid flow, fluid type, resistivity, cross-well acoustics, cross-well seismic, perforation depth, fluid characteristic or logging data.

11. The device of claim 1 wherein:

said sensor transmits a sensed wellbore characteristic data signal to a microprocessor at a surface location.

12. The device of claim 1 further comprising:

a memory device located on the tubular member for storing the wellbore characteristic data signal received from said sensor.

13. The device of claim 1 wherein said sensor is located on the production tubing in an open-hole wellbore completion.

14. The device of claim 1 wherein said sensor is located on the casing in a cased-hole wellbore completion.

15. A device for monitoring a reservoir in a wellbore comprising:

a tubular member being received in the wellbore adjacent a target formation;

one or more screen liners mounted along the tubular member;

at least one sensor, comprising an information retrieval device, being mounted on the tubular member and positioned at predetermined intervals along the length of the tubular member;

at least one sensor, each comprising an information retrieval device, being mounted on screen liner and positioned at predetermined intervals along the length of the liner; and

the tubular member being positioned in the wellbore to extend adjacent the target formation for gathering wellbore characteristic data therefrom.

16. An apparatus, for performing wellbore testing, completion or production, which is in communication with a target reservoir in a wellbore comprising:

a tubular pipe having an aperture for communicating with the target reservoir;

at least one flow control device moveably mounted within the aperture of the tubular pipe for receiving fluid flow from the wellbore comprising;

a tubular member moveably mounted on the tubular pipe for movement in a direction generally along the tubular member'"'"'s longitudinal axis between a retracted position primarily within the tubular pipe and an extended position towards a sidewall of the wellbore near the target reservoir; and

,

a sensor device located in the tubular member for selectively monitoring a wellbore parameter.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein:

said tubular member further comprising a filter media therein; and

said tubular member being selectively operable in a first mode blocking fluid flow and in a second mode enabling fluid flow from the target reservoir into the tubular pipe.

18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein:

the flow control device selectively monitors the wellbore parameter independently of whether the side-wall of the wellbore engages the flow control device.

19. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein:

the sensor device comprises an information retrieval device capable of converting electrical, chemical, mechanical or heat energy into an electronic signal.

20. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein:

the sensor device comprises at least one from a group of the following;

seismic receiver, an acoustic receiver or a mechanical receiver.

21. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein:

the flow control device monitors any one of the following wellbore parameters;

temperature, pressure, fluid flow, fluid type, resistivity, cross well resistivity, perforation depth, fluid characteristic or logging data.

22. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein:

the sensor device transmits a wellbore parameter data signal to a microprocessor at a surface location.

23. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein:

the microprocessor after processing the received wellbore parameter data signal transmits a signal to implement a control instruction to a downhole control device.

24. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein:

the sensor device transmits a wellbore parameter data signal to a memory device located on the tubular pipe for storage of the data signal.

25. The apparatus of claim 17 further comprising:

a microprocessor located downhole on the tubular pipe, after processing a received wellbore parameter signal from the sensor device, transmits a signal to a downhole control device to implement a control instruction.

26. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein:

the microprocessor transmits the processed data signal to the surface along with a request for approval from the surface location to implement the control instruction.

27. The apparatus of claim 26 wherein:

the surface location transmits a decision signal to the microprocessor to either implement or ignore the control instruction.

28. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein:

the surface location transmits an action signal to the microprocessor to perform a required action independent of the processed data signals.

29. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein:

the filter media comprises a plurality of beads consolidated by a bonding agent to form a fluid permeable core.

30. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein:

the consolidated beads comprise a metal alloy and the bonding agent is a brazing powder.

31. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein:

the filter media further comprises a dissolvable material located in interstitial pores of the filter media for preventing fluid flow when present in the filter media.

32. The apparatus of claim 17, further comprising:

a plurality of flow control devices containing sensor devices, said flow control devices disposed on the tubular pipe.

33. A method of wellbore completion, including a method for monitoring a wellbore parameter during hydrocarbon production, comprising:

positioning a tubular into a wellbore, having a sensor device movably mounted for receiving a wellbore parameter signal and having fluid communication with a target reservoir;

correlating the position of the sensor device with the target reservoir so that the sensor device is adjacent the target reservoir;

extending the sensor device toward the target reservoir from a retracted position to an extended position;

sensing a wellbore parameter signal from the subterranean formation by way of the sensor device;

transmitting the wellbore parameter signal from the sensor device to a microprocessor;

processing the wellbore parameter signal with the microprocessor; and

transmitting a control signal from the microprocessor to a control device located downhole for carrying out a command instruction.

34. The method of claim 33, further comprising:

providing selective communication into the tubular through said sensor device;

enabling selective flow into the tubular past said sensor device;

receiving a wellbore parameter signal from the reservoir fluid in the formation.

35. The method of claim 34 further comprises:

transmitting the processed data signals to the surface location along with a request for approval from the surface location to implement the control instruction.

36. The method of claim 35 further comprises:

transmitting a decision signal from the surface location to the microprocessor to either implement or ignore the control instruction.

37. The method of claim 33 further comprises:

transmitting an action signal from the surface to the microprocessor to perform a required action independent of the processed data signals.

38. A method of testing an exploratory well leading to a target reservoir, comprising:

positioning in the exploratory wellbore a tubular having at least one flow control device for receiving selective fluid communication from an adjacent target reservoir, the flow control device comprising;

an extendible member, containing a filter media allowing selective fluid flow, extendible from within the casing string in a retracted position to an expanded position toward the wellbore wall;

a sensor device located within the extendible member for receiving wellbore parameter signals;

correlating the position of the flow control device so that it is adjacent the target reservoir;

activating the flow control device so that the extendible member moves toward the wellbore wall;

testing the hydrocarbon zone by flowing the target reservoir through the filter media into the;

tubular

receiving a wellbore parameter signal using said sensor device;

transmitting the wellbore parameter signal to a microprocessor and processing the signal; and

sending a control instruction to a control device located within the wellbore for performing a control operation.

39. The method of claim 38 further comprises:

transmitting the processed data signal to the surface location along with a request for approval from the surface location to implement the control instruction.

40. The method of claim 39 further comprises:

transmitting a decision signal from the surface location to the microprocessor to either implement or ignore the control instruction.

41. The method of claim 38 further comprises:

transmitting an action signal from the surface to the microprocessor to perform a required action independent of the processed data signals.

42. The method of claim 38, wherein the exploratory well contains a lower, an intermediate, and an upper target reservoir, and wherein the tubular is positioned in the wellbore so that flow control devices correspond to depths of the lower, intermediate and upper target reservoirs and wherein the method of testing each of the hydrocarbon zones comprises:

lowering a tubular string having thereon a control device comprising an isolation packer for isolating the wellbore;

setting the isolation packer at a position above the lower target reservoir but below the intermediate target reservoir;

flowing hydrocarbon production into the tubular from the lower target reservoir by activating at least one flow control device adjacent to it.

43. The method of claim 42, further comprising:

shutting-in the well by activating a bridge plug in the well at a point above the lower target reservoir;

releasing and repositioning the isolation packer to a point above the intermediate reservoir;

setting the isolation packer at a position above the intermediate target reservoir;

flowing hydrocarbon production into the casing string from the intermediate target reservoir by activating at least one flow control device adjacent to it.

44. The method of claim 43, further comprising:

shutting-in the well by activating a bridge plug in the well at a point above the intermediate target reservoir;

releasing and repositioning the isolation packer to a point above the highest reservoir;

setting the isolation packer at a position above the highest target reservoir;

flowing hydrocarbon production into the casing string from the highest target reservoir by activating at least one flow control device adjacent to it.

45. A device for monitoring a reservoir in a wellbore, said wellbore having at least one target formation and having a tubular member comprising casing or production tubing;

said device for monitoring further comprising;

at least one sensor comprising an information retrieval device, being mounted on the tubular member and positioned on the tubular member adjacent the target formation for gathering wellbore characteristic data therefrom;

at least one extendible probe mounted on the tubular member having a sensor, said probe extended toward the sidewall of the wellbore when it is in a fully extended position; and

said probe receives fluid flow from an adjacent formation.

46. The device of claim 45 wherein:

the extendible probe is operatively associated with a flow control mechanism for preventing flow in a first mode and permitting flow in a second mode.

47. The device of claim 45 wherein:

the extendible probe is operatively associated with a flow control device for variably controlling the flow rate into the tubular member from the adjacent formation.

48. A device for monitoring a reservoir in a wellbore, said wellbore having at least one target formation and having a tubular member comprising casing or production tubing;

said device for monitoring further comprising;

at least one sensor comprising an information retrieval device, being mounted on the tubular member and positioned on the tubular member adjacent the target formation for gathering wellbore characteristic data therefrom;

at least one housing defining a flow passage into the tubular member for receiving fluid flow from the reservoir and wherein said housing contains a filter media for retention of at least some of the particulate matter; and

wherein said housing has a sensor in said housing for sensing fluid properties.

49. A device for monitoring a reservoir in a wellbore, said wellbore having at least one target formation and having a tubular member comprising casing or production tubing;

said device for monitoring further comprising;

at least one sensor comprising an information retrieval device, being mounted on the tubular member and positioned on the tubular member adjacent the target formation for gathering wellbore characteristic data therefrom;

said sensor transmits a sensed wellbore characteristic data signal to a microprocessor at a surface location; and

the microprocessor, after processing the received wellbore characteristic data signal, transmits a signal to implement a control instruction to a downhole control device.

50. A device for monitoring a reservoir in a wellbore, said wellbore having at least one target formation and having a tubular member comprising casing or production tubing;

said device for monitoring further comprising;

at least one sensor comprising an information retrieval device, being mounted on the tubular member and positioned on the tubular member adjacent the target formation for gathering wellbore characteristic data therefrom;

a microprocessor mounted with said sensor for processing at least one data signal received from said sensor and for transmitting said signal to implement a control instruction to a downhole control device.

51. The device of claim 50 wherein:

the microprocessor transmits said processed data signals to the surface along with a request for approval from the surface location to implement the control instruction.

52. The device of claim 51 wherein:

the surface location transmits at least one decision signal to the microprocessor to either implement or ignore the control instruction.

53. The device of claim 51 wherein:

the surface location transmits at least one action signal to the microprocessor to perform a required action independent of the processed data signals.