Electrically variable diffuser

• US 5,831,698 A
• Filed: 08/20/1996
• Issued: 11/03/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 08/20/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Wisnieff, Robert Luke, Lowe, Anthony Cyril, Depp, Steven W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Sikes, William L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): NGUYEN, TIEP HUU
• Application Number:
  US08/700,189
• Time in Patent Office: 805 Days
• Field of Search: 349/69, 349/74, 349/112
• US Class Current: 349/64
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/1323 Arrangements for providing a switchable viewing angle
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/133504 Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements associated to illuminating devices G02F1/133606
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/133567 on the back side
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/13476 in which at least one liquid crystal cell or layer assumes a scattering state
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2203/62 Switchable arrangements whereby the element being usually not switchable

Abstract

A display having an electrically variable diffuser is disclosed. In response to an electric field, the electrically variable diffuser is electrically switched from a low illumination/narrow viewing angle mode to a high illumination/wide viewing angle mode. The viewing angle is correlated with backlight luminance to provide an adequate display as the viewing angle is varied. This allows a user to choose between preserving battery life and maximizing viewing angle.

Claims

1. A display comprising:

an illumination means to provide a substantially uniform illumination;

a cell which receives said illumination; and

a switchable diffuser located between said illumination means and said cell, said switchable diffuser varying a viewing angle of said display, wherein said switchable diffuser and said illumination means are responsive to a signal that varies said display between a low illumination/narrow viewing angle mode and a high illumination/wide viewing angle mode.

2. The display of claim 1, wherein said switchable diffuser is substantially transparent in absence of said signal to provide a narrow viewing angle, and wherein said switchable diffuser is substantially light scattering in presence of said signal to widen the viewing angle.

3. The display of claim 1 further comprising:

a brightness enhancing film located between said illumination means and said switchable diffuser, said brightness enhancing film providing light having a predetermined viewing angle to said switchable diffuser.

4. The display of claim 1 further comprising:

a rear polarizer located at a first side of said cell between said switchable diffuser and said cell; and

a front polarizer located at a second side of said cell, said second side being opposite to said first side.

5. The display of claim 1, wherein said illumination means comprises:

at least one light source to provide light;

a light guide which receives said light and provides substantially equal intensity light; and

a diffuser which scatters said substantially equal intensity light to provide said substantially uniform illumination.

6. The display of claim 1, wherein said switchable diffuser is formed from a liquid crystal.

7. The display of claim 6, wherein said liquid crystal is a polymer stabilized cholesteric texture liquid crystal.

8. The display of claim 6, wherein said liquid crystal is a nematic liquid crystal.

9. The display of claim 6, wherein said liquid crystal is a chiral nematic liquid crystal.

10. The display of claim 6, wherein said liquid crystal is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal.

11. The display of claim 1, wherein said switchable diffuser is formed from an electrically switchable holographic medium.

12. The display of claim 1 further comprising:

a signal source which provides said signal;

a pair of electrodes electrically connected to said signal source wherein said switchable diffuser is located between said pair of electrodes; and

a control unit located between said signal source and said illumination means, said control unit adjusting intensity of said illumination means in response to said signal.

13. The display of claim 12 wherein, in response to said signal, said viewing angle and intensity are varied to provide a desired viewing angle and adequate display luminance.

14. The display of claim 1 further comprising switchable diffuser segments located at areas between said switchable diffuser and said cell, said area being brighter than remaining areas not covered by said segments, wherein said segments provide uniform brightness distribution over said display.

15. A display comprising:

an illumination means to provide illumination at a predetermined viewing angle, said illumination means being located at a rear of said display;

a cell which receives said illumination; and

a switchable diffuser located at a front of said display, wherein in response to a signal said switchable diffuser changes from a substantially transparent state to a scattering state, said signal switching said display between a low illumination/narrow viewing angle mode, corresponding to said substantially transparent state, and a high illumination/wide viewing angle mode, corresponding to said scattering state.

16. A display comprising:

an illumination means to provide a substantially uniform illumination;

a cell which receives said illumination; and

a variable diffuser located between said illumination means and said cell, wherein in response to a signal said variable diffuser changes from a substantially transparent state to a scattering state, said signal varying said display between a low illumination/narrow viewing angle mode, corresponding to said substantially transparent state, and a high illumination/wide viewing angle mode, corresponding to said scattering state.