Method and apparatus for automatic assignment of duration values for synthetic speech

• US 5,832,434 A
• Filed: 01/17/1997
• Issued: 11/03/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 05/26/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Apple Computer Incorporated (Apple Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Apple Computer Incorporated (Apple Inc.)
• Inventors: Meredith, Scott E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hudspeth, David R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Chawan, Vijay B.
• Application Number:
  US08/784,369
• Time in Patent Office: 655 Days
• Field of Search: 395/2, 395/2.67, 395/2.69, 395/2.74, 395/2.75, 395/2.76, 395/2.77, 704/200, 704/258, 704/260, 704/265, 704/266, 704/267
• US Class Current: 704/260
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 13/08 Text analysis or generation of parameters for speech synthesis out of text, e.g. grapheme to phoneme translation, prosody generation or stress or intonation determination
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 13/10 Prosody rules derived from text; Stress or intonation

Abstract

The present invention automatically determines sound duration values, based on context, for phonetic symbols which are produced during text-to-speech conversion. The context-dependent and static attributes of the phonetic symbols are checked and specified. Then, the phonetic symbols are processed by a set of sequential duration-specification rules which set the duration value for each phonetic symbol.

Claims

1. A system for computing phonetic sound pronunciation duration values, comprising:

computer text memory storing computer text;

phoneme memory storing phonemes representing pronunciation of said text and, corresponding to each of said phonemes, duration value data including a minimum duration value, a maximum duration value, the difference value between the maximum duration value and the minimum duration value, and a duration interval value which is defined in terms of a predetermined number of duration value intervals;

duration rule memory storing duration rules and corresponding duration modification values, each duration modification value being defined in terms of the predetermined number of duration value intervals; and

a processor, coupled to the computer text memory, the phoneme memory and the duration rule memory, for using the duration rules to test the phonemes representing the computer text to determine if any of the duration rules are satisfied and for computing a pronunciation duration value based on modification values of satisfied duration rules.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the duration interval value is one-tenth of the difference value.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor computes the pronunciation duration value by multiplying the sum of the modification values of the satisfied duration rules by the duration interval value and adding the product to the minimum duration value.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the processor limits the pronunciation duration value to the maximum duration value.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the phoneme memory stores a phoneme lookup table including the phonemes and the duration value data.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the phoneme lookup table further includes text-to-phoneme data.

7. A system for computing phonetic sound pronunciation duration values, comprising:

means for obtaining computer text from a computer text memory;

means for retrieving, from a phoneme memory, phonemes representing pronunciation of the computer text;

means for retrieving for each retrieved phoneme, from said phoneme memory, duration value data including a minimum duration value, a maximum duration value, the difference value between the maximum duration value and the minimum duration value, and a duration interval value which is defined in terms of a predetermined number of duration value intervals;

means for using duration rules stored in a duration rule memory to test the phonemes representing the computer text to determine if any of the duration rules are satisfied;

means for retrieving, from the duration rule memory, duration modification values corresponding to satisfied duration rules, each duration modification value being defined in terms of the predetermined number of duration value intervals; and

means for computing a pronunciation duration value based on the duration modification values of satisfied duration rules.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the duration interval value is one-tenth of the difference value.

9. The system of claim 7, wherein the means for computing computes the pronunciation duration value by multiplying the sum of the modification values of the satisfied duration rules by the duration interval value and adding the product to the minimum duration value.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the means for computing limits the pronunciation duration value to the maximum duration value.

11. A computer-readable storage medium storing program code for causing a computer to perform the steps of:

obtaining computer text from a computer text memory;

retrieving, from a phoneme memory, phonemes representing pronunciation of the computer text;

retrieving for each retrieved phoneme, from said phoneme memory, duration value data including a minimum duration value, a maximum duration value, the difference value between the maximum duration value and the minimum duration value, and a duration interval value which is defined in terms of a predetermined number of duration value intervals;

using duration rules stored in a duration rule memory to test the phonemes representing the computer text to determine if any of the duration rules are satisfied;

retrieving, from the duration rule memory, duration modification values corresponding to satisfied duration rules, each duration modification value being defined in terms of the predetermined number of duration value intervals; and

computing a pronunciation duration value based on the duration modification values of satisfied duration rules.

12. The medium of claim 11, wherein the duration interval value is one-tenth of the difference value.

13. The medium of claim 11, wherein the step of computing includes multiplying the sum of the modification values of the satisfied duration rules by the duration interval value;

and

adding the product to the minimum duration value.

14. The medium of claim 13, wherein the step of computing further includes limiting the pronunciation duration value to the maximum duration value.

15. A method for computing phonetic sound pronunciation duration values, comprising:

obtaining computer text from a computer text memory;

retrieving, from a phoneme memory, phonemes representing pronunciation of the computer text;

retrieving for each retrieved phoneme, from said phoneme memory, duration value data including a minimum duration value, a maximum duration value, the difference value between the maximum duration value and the minimum duration value, and a duration interval value which is defined relative to a predetermined number of duration value intervals;

using duration rules stored in a duration rule memory to test the phonemes representing the computer text to determine if any of the duration rules are satisfied;

retrieving, from the duration rule memory, duration modification values corresponding to satisfied duration rules, each duration modification value being defined relative to the predetermined number of duration value intervals; and

computing a pronunciation duration value based on the duration modification values of satisfied duration rules.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the duration interval value is one-tenth of the difference value.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the step of computing includes

multiplying the sum of the modification values of the satisfied duration rules by the duration interval value;

and

adding the product to the minimum duration value.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the step of computing further includes limiting the pronunciation duration value to the maximum duration value.