Demand responsive hydrogen generator based on hydride water reaction

• US 5,833,934 A
• Filed: 12/20/1995
• Issued: 11/10/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 06/28/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: AF Sammer Corporation
• Original Assignee: AF Sammer Corporation
• Inventors: Adlhart, Otto J.
• Primary Examiner(s): KIM, CHRISTOPHER Y
• Application Number:
  US08/575,854
• Time in Patent Office: 1,056 Days
• Field of Search: 422/211, 422/219, 422/239, 48/61, 48/204, 123/3, 123/DIG. 12, 423/646, 423/647, 423/657, 423/658.2, 429/19
• US Class Current: 422/239
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 7/02 by wet methods
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/065 from a hydride
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0082 Organic polymers
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/065 by dissolution of metals or alloys; by dehydriding metallic substances
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/36 Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

The reaction of alkali, alkali-earth metal hydride with water is utilized for the generation of hydrogen in a novel generator configuration. This overcomes the problems encountered in earlier hydride based generator configurations inasmuch as it overcomes the problem associated with the expansion of the hydride upon its conversion to hydroxide or oxide when reacting with water. This is accomplished by using a hydride cartridge of unique configuration. The combination of the corrugated cartridge structure and the wicking material dispersed throughout the cartridge facilitate the complete utilization of the hydride and water in a demand responsive mode. This is important in applications where intermediate hydrogen storage is impractical, as is the case in the use of these generators--e.g., for electric power generation in fuel cells in general and for Underwater Vehicles specifically because space restraints.

Claims

1. A load responsive hydrogen generator for releasing hydrogen gas from a particle hydride bed as demand for hydrogen warrants, said hydrogen generator comprising:

a) an enclosed housing adapted for containing hydrogen gas under pressure;

b) a hydride storage compartment disposed within said housing for storing a mass of hydride particles dispersed within said housing, and further including a corrugated, perforated support structure adapted to accommodate volumetric expansion of said mass of said hydride particles upon conversion of hydride to hydroxide;

c) a liquid water storage structure including a hydroporous water absorbent material for storing liquid water;

d) a liquid water transfer means disposed between said liquid water storage structure and said hydride storage compartment for permitting passage of said liquid water from said liquid water storage structure to said hydride storage compartment;

e) a distribution means for receiving said liquid water from said liquid water transfer means and for distributing said liquid water directly to said hydride particles thereby permitting the hydriding reaction to generate hydrogen gas into said hydride storage compartment; and

f) a gas communication means for removing said hydrogen gas from said hydride storage compartment upon load demand.

2. The load responsive hydrogen generator according to claim 1 wherein said distribution means further comprises a liquid water wicking member.

3. The load responsive hydrogen generator according to claim 2 wherein said water wicking member is an inorganic fiber.

4. The load responsive hydrogen generator according to claim 2 wherein said water wicking member is an organic fiber.

5. The load responsive hydrogen generator according to claim 1 wherein said corrugated, perforated support structure comprises a corrugated and perforated metal.

6. The load responsive hydrogen generator according to claim 1 wherein said hydride particles further comprise a compound selected from the group of alkali and alkali-earth metal hydrides.

7. The load responsive hydrogen generator according to claim 1 wherein said hydride particles further comprise calcium hydride.

8. The load responsive hydrogen generator according to claim 1 wherein said hydride particles further comprise lithium hydride.

9. The load responsive hydrogen generator according to claim 1 wherein said hydride particles are embedded in a wicking material.

10. The load responsive hydrogen generator according to claim 1 wherein said corrugated, perforated support structure is metallic.

11. A hydrogen generator according to claim 1 wherein the hydride storage compartment is equipped with a hydrogen relief valve.

12. A hydrogen generator according to claim 1 wherein the hydride storage structure is shaped, configured and adapted to receive said liquid storage structure, and said liquid storage structure is configured as a disposable cartridge.

13. The load responsive hydrogen generator according to claim 1 wherein said liquid water storage structure comprises a disposable water cartridge made of cellulosic fiber and the quantity of water contained therein before hydrogen generation commences is in excess of that required for the complete conversion of the hydride held in the hydride cartridge.