Method and apparatus to locate and measure capillary indentation marks on wire bonded leads
First Claim
Patent Images
1. In a system capable of acquiring, digitizing and analyzing an image a method for locating and measuring a capillary indentation mark on a wire bonded lead, comprising the steps of:
- selecting a candidate center location in said image;
creating a one-dimensional circumferential projection for said candidate center location such that a bin of said one-dimensional circumferential projection contains a normalized pixel intensity value for the circumference of an expected shape at said candidate center location;
detecting signals in said one-dimensional circumferential projection that correspond to a predefined pattern for a capillary indentation mark; and
storing the results of said detecting step, so that as each candidate center location is evaluated, the candidate center location with the one-dimensional circumferential projection having the best fit is deemed the center of said capillary indentation mark, and the distance from said candidate center location with the one-dimensional circumferential projection having the best fit to its edge is deemed to be the radius of said capillary indentation mark, thus locating and measuring said capillary indentation mark.
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Abstract
A method and apparatus for locating and measuring capillary indentation marks on wire bonded leads by creating a normalized, one-dimensional circumferential projection of a candidate center location in an image of a capillary indentation mark and detecting signals in the one-dimensional circumferential projection that correspond to a predefined pattern. The one-dimensional circumferential projection can be generated and evaluated for a full or a sub-sampled set of candidate center locations according to a number of different methods.
55 Citations
28 Claims
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1. In a system capable of acquiring, digitizing and analyzing an image a method for locating and measuring a capillary indentation mark on a wire bonded lead, comprising the steps of:
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selecting a candidate center location in said image; creating a one-dimensional circumferential projection for said candidate center location such that a bin of said one-dimensional circumferential projection contains a normalized pixel intensity value for the circumference of an expected shape at said candidate center location; detecting signals in said one-dimensional circumferential projection that correspond to a predefined pattern for a capillary indentation mark; and storing the results of said detecting step, so that as each candidate center location is evaluated, the candidate center location with the one-dimensional circumferential projection having the best fit is deemed the center of said capillary indentation mark, and the distance from said candidate center location with the one-dimensional circumferential projection having the best fit to its edge is deemed to be the radius of said capillary indentation mark, thus locating and measuring said capillary indentation mark. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3)
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4. In a system capable of acquiring, digitizing and analyzing an image, a method for locating and measuring a capillary indentation mark on a wire bonded lead, comprising the steps of:
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selecting a candidate center location in said image; creating a one-dimensional circumferential projection for said candidate center location such that each bin (BIN) of said one-dimensional circumferential projection contains a normalized pixel intensity value(I) for each circle at a selected radius(R) in said candidate center location calculated as follows;
##EQU4## where I(R, φ
) is the pixel intensity value at location R,φ
in polar coordinates;detecting edges in said one-dimensional circumferential projection that correspond to a predefined pattern for a capillary indentation mark; and storing the results of said detecting step, so that as each candidate center location is evaluated, the candidate center location with the one-dimensional circumferential projection having the best fit is deemed the center of said capillary indentation mark, and the distance from said candidate center location with the one-dimensional circumferential projection having the best fit to its edge is deemed to be the radius of said capillary indentation mark, thus locating and measuring said capillary indentation mark. - View Dependent Claims (5, 6)
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7. In a system capable of acquiring, digitizing and analyzing an image, a method for locating and measuring a capillary indentation mark on a wire bonded lead, comprising the steps of:
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selecting a candidate center location in said image; generating a two-dimensional polar destination image using a polar unwrap; creating a one-dimensional circumferential projection by summing along an axis of said two-dimensional polar destination image of said candidate center location such that each bin of said one-dimensional circumferential projection contains a normalized pixel intensity value for each circle at a selected radius in said candidate center location; detecting edges in said one-dimensional circumferential projection that correspond to a predefined pattern for a capillary indentation mark; and storing the results of said detecting step, so that as each candidate center location is evaluated, the candidate center location with the one-dimensional circumferential projection having the best fit is deemed the center of said capillary indentation mark, and the distance from said candidate center location with the one-dimensional circumferential projection having the best fit to its edge is deemed to be the radius of said capillary indentation mark, thus locating and measuring said capillary indentation mark. - View Dependent Claims (8, 9)
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10. In a system capable of acquiring, digitizing andanalyzing an image, a method for locating and measuring a capillary indentation mark on a wire bonded lead, comprising the steps of:
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constructing an transform image (It) having a center located at xc, yc and a size and radius value larger than the maximum size and radius values of a selected ring of an expected capillary indentation mark to be measured, using the following formula;
##EQU5## selecting a candidate center location in said image;
aligning the center of said transform image with said candidate center location so that each x, y coordinate of said candidate center location corresponds to an x, y location in said transform image; andevaluating said candidate center location and said transform image simultaneously, whereby each pixel value in said candidate center location is summed into a one-dimensional circumferential projection indexed by the pixel value at the corresponding x,y coordinate in said transform image, such that a one-dimensional histogram is created and stored in said one-dimensional circumferential projection, said one-dimensional circumferential projection having a number of bins equal to the maximum radius size of said selected ring of said expected capillary indentation mark wherein each bin has indexes ranging from zero to said maximum radius size of said transform image; and detecting edges in said one-dimensional circumferential projection that correspond to a predefined pattern for a capillary indentation mark; and storing the results of said detecting step, so that as each candidate center location is evaluated, the candidate center location with the one-dimensional circumferential projection having the best fit is deemed the center of said capillary indentation mark, and the distance from said candidate center location with the one-dimensional circumferential projection having the best fit to its edge is deemed to be the radius of said capillary indentation mark, thus locating and measuring said capillary indentation mark. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 14)
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15. In a system capable of acquiring, digitizing and analyzing an image, an apparatus for locating and measuring a capillary indentation mark on a wire bonded lead, comprising:
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means for selecting a candidate center location in said image,; means for creating a one-dimensional circumferential projection for said candidate center location such that each bin of said one-dimensional circumferential projection contains a normalized pixel intensity value for each circle at a selected radius in said candidate center location; means for detecting edges in said one-dimensional circumferential projection that correspond to a predefined pattern for a capillary indentation mark; and means for storing the results found by said means for detecting edges, so that as each candidate center location is evaluated, the candidate center location with the one-dimensional circumferential projection having the best fit is deemed the center of said capillary indentation mark, and the distance from said candidate center location with the one-dimensional circumferential projection having the best fit to its edge is deemed to be the radius of said capillary indentation mark, thus locating and measuring said capillary indentation mark. - View Dependent Claims (16, 17)
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18. In a system capable of acquiring, digitizing and analyzing an image, an apparatus for locating and measuring a capillary indentation mark on a wire bonded lead, comprising:
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means for selecting a candidate center location in said image; means for creating a one-dimensional circumferential projection for said candidate center location such that each bin (BIN) of said one-dimensional circumferential projection contains a normalized pixel intensity value(I) for each circle at a selected radius(R) in said candidate center location calculated as follows;
##EQU6## where I(R, φ
) is the pixel intensity value at location R,φ
in polar coordinates;means for detecting edges in said one-dimensional circumferential projection that correspond to a predefined pattern for a capillary indentation mark; and means for storing the results of said means for detecting edges, so that as each candidate center location is evaluated, the candidate center location with the one-dimensional circumferential projection having the best fit is deemed the center of said capillary indentation mark, and the distance from said candidate center location with the one-dimensional circumferential projection having the best fit to its edge is deemed to be the radius of said capillary indentation mark, thus locating and measuring said capillary indentation mark. - View Dependent Claims (19, 20)
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21. In a system capable of acquiring, digitizing and analyzing an image, an apparatus for locating and measuring a capillary indentation mark on a wire bonded lead, comprising:
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means for selecting a candidate center location in said image; means for generating a two-dimensional polar destination image using polar unwrap to map pixel intensity values in said candidate center location into normalized pixel intensity values in a polar destination image; means for creating a one-dimensional circumferential projection for said candidate center location by summing along an axis of said two-dimensional polar destination image such that each bin of said one-dimensional circumferential projection contains a normalized pixel intensity value for each circle at a selected radius in said candidate center location; means for detecting edges in said one-dimensional circumferential projection that correspond to a predefined pattern for a capillary indentation mark; and means for storing the results of said means for detecting edges, so that as each candidate center location is evaluated, the candidate center location with the one-dimensional circumferential projection having the best fit is deemed the center of said capillary indentation mark, and the distance from said candidate center location with the one-dimensional circumferential projection having the best fit to its edge is deemed to be the radius of said capillary indentation mark, thus locating and measuring said capillary indentation mark. - View Dependent Claims (22, 23)
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24. In a system capable of acquiring, digitizing and analyzing an image, an apparatus for locating and measuring a capillary indentation mark on a wire bonded lead, comprising:
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means for constructing an transform image (It) having a center located at xc, yc and a size and radius value larger than the maximum size and radius values of a selected ring of an expected capillary indentation mark to be measured, using the following formula;
##EQU7## means for selecting a candidate center location in said image,;
means for aligning the center of said transform image with said candidate center location so that each x, y coordinate of said candidate center location corresponds to an x, y location in said transform image; andmeans for evaluating said candidate center location and said transform image simultaneously, whereby each pixel value in said candidate center location is summed into a one-dimensional circumferential projection indexed by the pixel value at the corresponding x,y coordinate in said transform image, such that a one-dimensional histogram is created and stored in said one-dimensional circumferential projection, said one-dimensional circumferential projection having a number of bins equal to the maximum radius size of said selected ring of said expected capillary indentation mark wherein each bin has indexes ranging from zero to said maximum radius size of said transform image; and means for detecting edges in said one-dimensional circumferential projection that correspond to a predefined pattern for a capillary indentation mark; and means for storing the results of said means for detecting edges, so that as each candidate center location is evaluated, the candidate center location with the one-dimensional circumferential projection having the best fit is deemed the center of said capillary indentation mark, and the distance from said candidate center location with the one-dimensional circumferential projection having the best fit to its edge is deemed to be the radius of said capillary indentation mark, thus locating and measuring said capillary indentation mark. - View Dependent Claims (25, 26, 27, 28)
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Specification