Method and apparatus for evaluation and inspection of composite-repaired structures

• US 5,841,031 A
• Filed: 05/21/1997
• Issued: 11/24/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 03/07/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: L-3 Communications Integrated Systems LP (L3Harris Technologies, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: E-Systems Incorporated (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Chung, J. H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Williams, Hezron E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): MILLER, ROSE MARY
• Application Number:
  US08/861,165
• Time in Patent Office: 552 Days
• Field of Search: 73/597, 73/598, 73/599, 73/600, 73/602, 73/620, 73/627, 73/583, 364/507, 364/508
• US Class Current: 73/583
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/0231 Composite or layered materials
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/0423 Surface waves, e.g. Rayleigh waves, Love waves
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/102 one emitter, one receiver
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/12 by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves measuring frequency or resonant frequency of mechanical vibrations or acoustic waves in general G01H1/06, G01H3/04, G01H13/00; acoustic resonators G10K11/04; vibration or shock testing of structures G01M7/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/348 with frequency characteristics, e.g. single frequency signals, chirp signals measuring frequency of mechanical vibrations or acoustic waves in general G01H1/06, G01H3/04; measuring frequency or analysing frequency spectra G01R23/00

Abstract

A method and apparatus for evaluation and inspection of a composite-repaired structure generates a frequency-varying electrical signal to test and evaluate the composite-repaired area. The electrical signal is converted into a mechanical signal and transmitted through the composite-repaired area of the structure. The transmitted mechanical signal is received and converted into an electrical signal for processing. The processed signal is compared with a baseline reference signal to determine whether the composite-repaired area is damaged or undamaged. The baseline reference signal is obtained at the time of the composite repair of the structure.

Claims

1. An apparatus for testing and inspection of a composite-repaired area of a structure, comprising:

a signal generator having a test signal output;

a first transducer attached to the structure and receiving the test signal from the signal generator for converting the test signal to a mechanical signal transmitted through a portion of the composite-repaired area of the structure;

a second transducer attached to the structure for receiving the mechanical signal transmitted through the structure and converting the received mechanical signal into a response signal varying with the mechanical properties of the composite-repaired area; and

a signal processor coupled to the second transducer and receiving the response signal to output a display signal indicative of the mechanical properties of the composite-repaired area of the structure, said signal processor comparing the display signal to a baseline reference signal representing the mechanical condition of the composite-repaired area.

2. The apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein the signal processor outputs a display signal indicative of the mechanical properties of the composite-repaired area including inertia, spring damping and viscous damping.

3. The apparatus in accordance with claim 1 a wherein the response signal varies in accordance with the chemical characteristics of the composite-repaired area.

4. The apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein said second transducer responds to the mechanical properties of the composite-repaired area to output an electrical signal including inductance, capacitance and resistance.

5. An apparatus for testing and inspection of a composite-repaired area of a structure, comprising:

a signal generator having a test signal output;

a first transducer attached to the structure and receiving the test signal from the signal generator for converting the test signal to a mechanical signal transmitted through a portion of the composite-repaired area of the structure;

a second transducer attached to the structure for receiving the mechanical signal transmitted through the structure and converting the received mechanical signal into a response signal varying with the inertia, spring damping and viscous damping of the composite-repaired area; and

an impedance analyzer coupled to receive the response signal and the test signal for measuring the impedance and/or admittance from the first transducer to the second transducer and generating an impedance versus frequency display signal varying with the inertia, spring damping and viscous damping of the composite-repaired area.

6. The apparatus in accordance with claim 5 wherein said second transducer responds to the inertia, spring damping and viscous damping of the composite-repaired area to convert the mechanical signal into the analogous electrical properties of inductance, capacitance and resistance, respectively.

7. The apparatus in accordance with claim 6 wherein said impedance analyzer responds to the inductance, capacitance and resistance measurements as represented in the response signal.

8. A method for evaluation and testing a composite-repaired area, where a baseline reference signal representing a repaired condition of the composite-repaired area was previously generated, comprising the steps of:

transmitting a signal through the composite-repaired area of the structure;

receiving the signal transmitted through the composite-repaired area;

generating an output signal in response to receiving the signal, said output signal varying with the properties of the composite-repaired area including inertia, spring damping and viscous damping; and

comparing the output signal to the baseline reference signal to determine a change in the properties of the composite-repaired area of the structure.

9. The method in accordance with claim 8 wherein the step of transmitting the signal includes the steps of:

generating a first frequency-varying electrical signal;

converting the first electrical signal into a mechanical signal; and

transmitting, at a first location on the structure, the mechanical signal through a portion of the composite-repaired area of the structure.

10. The method in accordance with claim 9 wherein the step of receiving the transmitted signal includes the steps of:

receiving, at a second location on the structure, the mechanical signal transmitted through the composite-repaired area; and

converting the received mechanical signal into a second electrical signal.

11. The method of determining a baseline reference signal and an output signal for testing and inspection of a composite-repaired area of a structure, comprising the steps of:

generating a first frequency-varying electrical signal;

converting the first electrical signal into a mechanical signal;

transmitting, at a first location on the structure, the mechanical signal through a portion of the composite-repaired area of the structure;

receiving, at a second location on the structure, the mechanical signal transmitted through the composite-repaired area;

converting the received mechanical signal into a second electrical signal; and

processing the second electrical signal to generate the baseline reference signal varying with the mechanical properties of the composite-repaired area.

12. The method in accordance with claim 11 wherein the step of processing includes the steps of:

filtering out from the second electrical signal a range of signals outside the frequency of the transmitted signal to generate a sine sweep response;

integrating the sine sweep response to generate either the baseline reference signal.

13. The method in accordance with claim 11 wherein the step of converting the received mechanical signal into a second electrical signal includes converting the mechanical signal representing the properties of the composite-repaired area, including inertia, spring damping and viscous damping into analogous electrical properties of inductance, capacitance and resistance, respectively.

14. The method in accordance with claim 11 wherein the step of converting the first electrical signal into a mechanical signal comprises positioning a first transducer along a diagonal through the composite-repaired area, and wherein the step of converting the received mechanical signal into a second electrical signal includes positioning a second transducer along the same diagonal as the first transducer.