Pulse-echo ranging system with improved target

• US 5,841,392 A
• Filed: 10/01/1996
• Issued: 11/24/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 10/02/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Nikon Corporation
• Original Assignee: Nikon Corporation
• Inventors: Kishimoto, Hiroshi
• Primary Examiner(s): Sotomayor, John B.
• Application Number:
  US08/724,214
• Time in Patent Office: 784 Days
• Field of Search: 342/118, 342/125, 342/126, 342/128, 342/6
• US Class Current: 342/125
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/0209 Systems with very large relative bandwidth, i.e. larger than 10 %, e.g. baseband, pulse, carrier-free, ultrawideband
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/103 particularities of the measurement of the distance G01S13/12, G01S13/14, G01S13/16, G01S13/18 and G01S13/20 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/76 wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted

Abstract

A pulse-echo ranging system includes an improved target and a ranging device which emits pulses of electromagnetic radiation toward the target and receives pulses reflected from the target. The target is provided with a modulating mechanism for modulating the reflected pulses in a predetermined manner. The modulating mechanism allows the ranging device to distinguish pulses truly reflected from the target from noise and pulses reflected from objects other than the target. More specifically, the modulating mechanism may include a reflector which reflects the pulses at plural distances from the ranging device. The reflector may include a single reflective surface coupled to an oscillating vibrator, or plural reflective surfaces spaced at different locations from the ranging device.

Claims

1. A pulse-echo ranging system comprising:

a target positioned at a measurement location; and

a ranging device comprising a transmitter for emitting pulses of electromagnetic radiation toward said target and a receiver for receiving reflected pulses, wherein said ranging device comprising a radar device for emitting and receiving radio frequency electromagnetic radiation comprising said pulses reflected from said target toward said ranging device;

said target comprising a modulating mechanism for modulating said reflected pulses in a predetermined manner, wherein said modulating mechanism comprises a reflector which reflects said pulses at plural distances from said ranging device, wherein said reflector comprises first and second reflective surfaces, said first reflective surface being at a position closer to said ranging device than a position of said second reflective surface, wherein said first reflective surface is semi-transparent to said pulses and said second reflective surface is not transparent to said pulses, said first reflective surface creating a first set of reflected pulses and said second reflective surface creating a second set of reflected pulses, wherein a ratio of an intensity of reflected pulses of said first set to an intensity of reflected pulses of said second set being a predetermined value.

2. A pulse-echo ranging system comprising:

a target positioned at a measurement location; and

a ranging device comprising a transmitter for emitting pulses of electromagnetic radiation toward said target and a receiver for receiving reflected pulses, wherein said ranging device comprising a radar device for emitting and receiving radio frequency electromagnetic radiation comprising said pulses reflected from said target toward said ranging device;

said target comprising a modulating mechanism for modulating said reflected pulses in a predetermined manner, wherein said modulating mechanism comprises a reflector which reflects said pulses at plural distances from said ranging device, wherein said reflector comprises a reflective surface and said modulating mechanism further comprises a vibrator for moving said reflective surface along a direction facing said ranging device, and wherein said target further comprises a tilt sensor for detecting an amount of tilt of said reflective surface to produce a tilt value, and a frequency setter for setting a frequency of oscillation of said vibrator in accordance with said tilt value produced by said tilt sensor.

3. A target for use in a pulse-echo ranging system, said target comprising a modulating mechanism for modulating in a predetermined manner reflected pulses of electromagnetic radiation transmitted toward said target from a ranging device, wherein said modulating mechanism comprises a reflector which reflects said pulses at plural distances from said ranging device, wherein said reflector comprises first and second reflective surfaces, said first reflective surface being at a position closer to said ranging device than a position of said second reflective surface, and wherein said first reflective surface is semi-transparent to pulses of electromagnetic radiation, and said second reflective surface is not transparent to said pulses or electromagnetic radiation, said first reflective surface creating a first set of reflected pulses and said second reflective surface creating a second set of reflected pulses, wherein a ratio of an intensity of reflected pulses of said first set to an intensity of reflected pulses of said second set being a predetermined value.

4. The target according to claim 3, further comprising a distance adjuster for adjusting a distance between said first and second reflective surfaces in accordance with a location at which said target is positioned.

5. A target for use in a pulse-echo ranging system, said target comprising a modulating mechanism for modulating in a predetermined manner reflected pulses of electromagnetic radiation transmitted toward said target from a ranging device, wherein said modulating mechanism comprises a reflector which reflects said pulses at plural distances from said ranging device, wherein said reflector comprises a reflective surface and said modulation mechanism further comprises a vibrator for moving said reflective surface along a direction facing said ranging device, and a tilt sensor for detecting a tilt of said reflective surface to produce a tilt value, and a frequency setter for setting a frequency of oscillation of said vibrator in accordance with the tilt value produced by said tilt sensor.