Method and apparatus for scrambling the polarization of signal lights forming a wavelength division multiplexed signal light

• US 5,841,557 A
• Filed: 10/22/1996
• Issued: 11/24/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 11/17/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Fujitsu Limited
• Original Assignee: Fujitsu Limited
• Inventors: Naito, Takao, Onaka, Hiroshi, Terahara, Takafumi, Otsuka, Kazue
• Primary Examiner(s): Negash, Kinfe-Michael
• Application Number:
  US08/734,605
• Time in Patent Office: 763 Days
• Field of Search: 359/122, 359/123, 359/124, 359/156, 359/181, 359/192
• US Class Current: 398/65
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/2786 Reducing the polarisation degree, i.e. depolarisers, scramblers, unpolarised output
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/2557 Cross-phase modulation [XPM]
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/2563 Four-wave mixing [FWM]
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/532 Polarisation modulation
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/02 Wavelength-division multiplex systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/06 Polarisation multiplex systems

Abstract

A method and apparatus for scrambling the polarization of signal lights combined into a wavelength division multiplexed signal light, to suppress non-linear optical effect and thereby improve transmission quality. For example, each signal light has a different polarization before being combined into a wavelength division multiplexed signal light. The polarization of the wavelength division multiplexed signal light can then be scrambled. Alternatively, the polarization of each signal light can be scrambled at a different scrambling frequency before being combined into the wavelength division multiplexed signal light.

Claims

1. A method for scrambling a polarization of signal lights, comprising the steps of:

scrambling the polarization of a signal light with a scrambling frequency; and

combining the polarization scrambled signal light with at least one other signal light to form a wavelength division multiplexed signal light, wherein

the step of scrambling comprises the steps of

scrambling the polarization of a first signal light with a first scrambling frequency, and

scrambling the polarization of a second signal light with a second scrambling frequency which is different from the first scrambling frequency, and

the step of combining comprises the step of

combining the first and second polarization scrambled signal lights to form the wavelength division multiplexed signal light.

2. A method as in claim 1, wherein the polarization of the first signal light is different from the polarization of the second signal light before the first and second signal lights are scrambled.

3. A method for scrambling a polarization of signal lights, comprising the steps of:

scrambling the polarization of a signal light with a scrambling frequency; and

combining the polarization scrambled signal light with at least one other signal light to form a wavelength division multiplexed signal light, wherein

the step of scrambling comprises the step of

scrambling the polarization of a plurality of signal lights, the polarization of each signal light being scrambled at a different scrambling frequency, and

the step of combining comprises the step of

combining the plurality of polarization scrambled signal lights to form the wavelength division multiplexed signal light.

4. A method as in claim 3, wherein

each signal light of the plurality of signal lights has a different frequency, and respective signal lights are defined as being adjacent when the frequencies of the respective signal lights are adjacent to each other in a frequency spectrum without the frequency of a different signal light therebetween, and,

for a respective signal light having an adjacent signal light and a non-adjacent signal light, a frequency difference exists between the scrambling frequency of the respective signal light and the scrambling frequency of the adjacent signal light, and a frequency difference exists between the scrambling frequency of the respective signal light and the scrambling frequency of the non-adjacent signal light, and

the frequency difference between the scrambling frequency of the respective signal light and the scrambling frequency of the adjacent signal light is larger than the frequency difference between the scrambling frequency of the respective signal light and the scrambling frequency of the non-adjacent signal light.

5. A method as in claim 3, wherein

each signal light of the plurality of signal lights has a different frequency, and respective signal lights are defined as being adjacent when the frequencies of the respective signal lights are adjacent to each other in a frequency spectrum without the frequency of a different signal light therebetween, and,

before the polarization of the plurality of signal lights is scrambled, the polarization of each signal light is different from the polarization of signal lights adjacent to the respective signal light.

6. A method for scrambling a polarization of signal lights, comprising the steps of:

scrambling the polarization of a signal light with a scrambling frequency; and

combining the polarization scrambled signal light with at least one other signal light to form a wavelength division multiplexed signal light, wherein

the step of scrambling comprises the step of

scrambling the polarization of a plurality of signal lights, the polarization of each signal light being scrambled at a the same scrambling frequency, and

the step of combining comprises the step of

combining the plurality of polarization scrambled signal lights to form a wavelength division multiplexed signal light, where

each signal light of the plurality of signal lights has a different frequency, and respective signal lights are defined as being adjacent when the frequencies of the respective signal lights are adjacent to each other in a frequency spectrum without the frequency of a different signal light therebetween, and,

before the polarization of the plurality of signal lights is scrambled, the polarization of each signal light is different from the polarization of signal lights adjacent to the respective signal light.

7. A method as in claim 6, wherein the polarization of adjacent signal lights is orthogonal to each other.

8. A method for scrambling a polarization of signal lights, comprising the steps of:

scrambling the polarization of a signal light with a scrambling frequency; and

combining the polarization scrambled signal light with at least one other signal light to form a wavelength division multiplexed signal light, wherein

the step of scrambling comprises the steps of

combining a first plurality of signal lights to form a first wavelength division multiplexed signal light,

combining a second plurality of signal lights, different from the first plurality of signal lights, to form a second wavelength division multiplexed signal light,

scrambling the polarization of the first wavelength division multiplexed signal light with a first scrambling frequency, and

scrambling the polarization of the second wavelength division multiplexed signal light with a second scrambling frequency which is different from the first scrambling frequency; and

the step of combining comprises the step of

combining the polarization scrambled first wavelength division multiplexed signal light with the polarization scrambled second wavelength division multiplexed signal light, to produce a resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal light.

9. A method as in claim 8, wherein

each signal light of the first and second plurality of signal lights has a different frequency, and respective signal lights are defined as being adjacent when the frequencies of the respective signal lights are adjacent to each other in a frequency spectrum without the frequency of a different signal light therebetween, and,

before the polarization of the first and second wavelength division multiplexed signal lights is scrambled, the polarization of each signal light of the first and second plurality of signal lights is different from the polarization of adjacent signal lights.

10. A method as in claim 9, wherein, before the polarization of the first and second wavelength division multiplexed signal lights is scrambled, the polarization of each signal light of the first and second plurality of signal lights is different.

11. A method as in claim 9, wherein, before the polarization of the first and second wavelength division multiplexed signal lights is scrambled, the polarization of each signal light of the first plurality of signal lights is the same and is defined as a first polarization, and the polarization of each signal light of the second plurality of signal lights is the same and is defined as a second polarization, the first polarization being orthogonal to the second polarization.

12. A method for scrambling a polarization of signal lights, comprising the steps of:

scrambling the polarization of a signal light with a scrambling frequency; and

combining the polarization scrambled signal light with at least one other signal light to form a wavelength division multiplexed signal light, wherein

N signal lights each have a different frequency, the signal lights being defined as a first through an Nth signal light as numbered in order along a frequency spectrum of the different frequencies,

the step of scrambling comprises the steps of

combining even numbered signal lights to form a first wavelength division multiplexed signal light,

combining odd numbered signal lights to form a second wavelength division multiplexed signal light,

scrambling the polarization of the first wavelength division multiplexed signal light with a first scrambling frequency, and

scrambling the polarization of the second wavelength division multiplexed signal light with a second scrambling frequency which is different from the first scrambling frequency; and

the step of combining comprises the step of

combining the polarization scrambled first wavelength division multiplexed signal light with the polarization scrambled second wavelength division multiplexed signal light, to produce a resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal light.

13. A method for scrambling a polarization of signal lights, comprising the steps of:

scrambling the polarization of a signal light with a scrambling frequency; and

combining the polarization scrambled signal light with at least one other signal light to form a wavelength division multiplexed signal light, wherein

N signal lights each have a different frequency, the signal lights being defined as a first through an Nth signal light as numbered in order along a frequency spectrum of the different frequencies, the N signal lights including a plurality of even numbered signal lights having a first polarization, a plurality of even numbered signal lights having a second polarization, a plurality of odd numbered signal lights having the first polarization, and a plurality of odd numbered lights having the second polarization, the first polarization being different from the second polarization,

the step of scrambling comprises the steps of

combining even numbered signal lights having the first polarization to form a first wavelength division multiplexed signal light,

combining even numbered signal lights having the second polarization to form a second wavelength division multiplexed signal light,

combining odd numbered signal lights having the first polarization to form a third wavelength division multiplexed signal light,

combining odd numbered signal lights having the second polarization to form a fourth wavelength division multiplexed signal light,

combining the first and second wavelength division multiplexed signal lights to form a fifth wavelength division multiplexed signal light,

combining the third and fourth wavelength division multiplexed signal lights to form a sixth wavelength division multiplexed signal light,

scrambling the polarization of the fifth wavelength division multiplexed signal light with a first scrambling frequency, and

scrambling the polarization of the sixth wavelength division multiplexed signal light with a second scrambling frequency which is different from the first scrambling frequency, and

the step of combining comprises the step of

combining the polarization scrambled fifth wavelength division multiplexed signal light with the polarization scrambled sixth wavelength division multiplexed signal light, to produce a resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal light.

14. A method for scrambling a polarization of signal lights, comprising the steps of:

combining first and second signal lights to form a resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal light, the first and second signal lights having different polarization; and

scrambling the polarization of the resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal light, wherein

the step of combining includes the step of

combining a plurality of signal lights to form the resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal, each of the signal lights having either a first polarization or a second polarization, the first polarization being orthogonal to the second polarization.

15. A method for scrambling a polarization of signal lights, comprising the steps of:

combining first and second signal lights to form a resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal light, the first and second signal lights having different polarization; and

scrambling the polarization of the resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal light, wherein

the step of combining includes

combining a first plurality of signal lights to form a first wavelength division multiplexed signal light, each signal light of the first plurality of signal lights having a first polarization,

combining a second plurality of signal lights, different from the first plurality of signal lights, to form a second wavelength division multiplexed signal light, each signal light of the second plurality of signal lights having a second polarization which is different from the first polarization, and

combining the first and second wavelength division multiplexed signal lights to form the resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal light.

16. A method as in claim 15, wherein the first polarization is orthogonal to the second polarization.

17. A method for scrambling a polarization of signal lights, comprising the steps of:

combining first and second signal lights to form a resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal light, the first and second signal lights having different polarization; and

scrambling the polarization of the resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal light, wherein

N signal lights each have a different frequency, the signal lights being defined as a first through an Nth signal light as numbered in order along a frequency spectrum of the different frequencies, the even numbered signal lights having a first polarization and the odd numbered signal lights having a second polarization, the first polarization being different from the second polarization, and

the step of combining includes

combining the even numbered signal lights to form a first wavelength division multiplexed signal light,

combining the odd numbered signal lights to form a second wavelength division multiplexed signal light, and

combining the first and second wavelength division multiplexed signal lights to form the resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal light.

18. A method as in claim 17, wherein the first polarization is orthogonal to the second polarization.

19. An apparatus for scrambling a polarization of signal lights, comprising:

a polarization scrambling mechanism which scrambles the polarization of a signal light with a scrambling frequency; and

a combining mechanism which combines the polarization scrambled signal light with at least one other signal light to form a wavelength division multiplexed signal light, wherein

the polarization scrambling mechanism includes

a first polarization scrambler which scrambles the polarization of a first signal light with a first scrambling frequency, and

a second polarization scrambler which scrambles the polarization of a second signal light with a second scrambling frequency which is different from the first scrambling frequency, and

the combining mechanism combines the first and second polarization scrambled signal lights to form the wavelength division multiplexed signal light.

20. An apparatus as in claim 19, wherein the polarization of the first signal light is different from the polarization of the second signal light before the first and second signal lights are scrambled by the first and second polarization scramblers.

21. An apparatus for scrambling a polarization of signal lights, comprising:

a polarization scrambling mechanism which scrambles the polarization of a signal light with a scrambling frequency; and

a combining mechanism which combines the polarization scrambled signal light with at least one other signal light to form a wavelength division multiplexed signal light, wherein

the polarization scrambling mechanism includes a plurality of polarization scramblers corresponding, respectively, to a plurality of signal lights, each polarization scrambler scrambling the corresponding signal light with a scrambling frequency which is different from the scrambling frequency of the other polarization scramblers, and

the combining mechanism combines the plurality of polarization scrambled signal lights to form the wavelength division multiplexed signal light.

22. An apparatus as in claim 21, wherein

each signal light of the plurality of signal lights has a different frequency, and respective signal lights are defined as being adjacent when the frequencies of the respective signal lights are adjacent to each other in a frequency spectrum without the frequency of a different signal light therebetween, and,

for a respective signal light having an adjacent signal light and a non-adjacent signal light, a frequency difference exists between the scrambling frequency of the polarization scrambler corresponding to the respective signal light and the scrambling frequency of the polarization scrambler corresponding to the adjacent signal light, and a frequency difference exists between the scrambling frequency of the polarization scrambler corresponding to the respective signal light and the scrambling frequency of the polarization scrambler corresponding to the non-adjacent signal light, and

the frequency difference between the scrambling frequency of the polarization scrambler corresponding to respective signal light and the scrambling frequency of the polarization scrambler corresponding to the adjacent signal light is larger than the frequency difference between the scrambling frequency of the polarization scrambler corresponding to the respective signal light and the scrambling frequency of the polarization scrambler corresponding to the non-adjacent signal light.

23. An apparatus as in claim 21, wherein

each signal light of the plurality of signal lights has a different frequency, and respective signal lights are defined as being adjacent when the frequencies of the respective signal lights are adjacent to each other in a frequency spectrum without the frequency of a different signal light therebetween, and,

before the polarization of the plurality of signal lights is scrambled by the plurality of polarization scramblers, the polarization of each signal light is different from the polarization of signal lights adjacent to the respective signal light.

24. An apparatus for scrambling a polarization of signal lights, comprising:

a polarization scrambling mechanism which scrambles the polarization of a signal light with a scrambling frequency; and

a combining mechanism which combines the polarization scrambled signal light with at least one other signal light to form a wavelength division multiplexed signal light, wherein, before the polarization scrambling mechanism scrambles the polarization of the signal light, the polarization of the signal light has a polarization which is different from the polarization of at least one other signal light combined by the combining mechanism to form the wavelength division multiplexed signal light.

25. An apparatus for scrambling a polarization of signal lights, comprising:

a polarization scrambling mechanism which scrambles the polarization of a signal light with a scrambling frequency; and

a combining mechanism which combines the polarization scrambled signal light with at least one other signal light to form a wavelength division multiplexed signal light, wherein

the polarization scrambling mechanism includes

a plurality of polarization scramblers which scramble the polarization of a plurality of signal lights, respectively, at a scrambling frequency, the polarization of each signal light being scrambled at the same scrambling frequency, and

the combining mechanism combines the plurality of polarization scrambled signal lights to form the wavelength division multiplexed signal light, where

each signal light of the plurality of signal lights has a different frequency, and respective signal lights are defined as being adjacent when the frequencies of the respective signal lights are adjacent to each other in a frequency spectrum without the frequency of a different signal light therebetween, and,

before the polarization of the plurality of signal lights is scrambled by the plurality of polarization scramblers, the polarization of each signal light is different from the polarization of signal lights adjacent to the respective signal light.

26. An apparatus as in claim 25, wherein the polarization of adjacent signal lights is orthogonal to each other.

27. An apparatus for scrambling a polarization of signal lights, comprising:

a polarization scrambling mechanism which scrambles the polarization of a signal light with a scrambling frequency; and

a combining mechanism which combines the polarization scrambled signal light with at least one other signal light to form a wavelength division multiplexed signal light, wherein

the polarization scrambling mechanism includes

a first combiner which combines a first plurality of signal lights to form a first wavelength division multiplexed signal light,

a second combiner which combines a second plurality of signal lights, different from the first plurality of signal lights, to form a second wavelength division multiplexed signal light,

a first polarization scrambler which scrambles the polarization of the first wavelength division multiplexed signal light with a first scrambling frequency, and

a second polarization scrambler which scrambles the polarization of the second wavelength division multiplexed signal light with a second scrambling frequency which is different from the first scrambling frequency, and

the combining mechanism combines combining the polarization scrambled first wavelength division multiplexed signal light with the polarization scrambled second wavelength division multiplexed signal light, to produce a resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal light.

28. An apparatus as in claim 27, wherein

each signal light of the first and second plurality of signal lights has a different frequency, and respective signal lights are defined as being adjacent when the frequencies of the respective signal lights are adjacent to each other in a frequency spectrum without the frequency of a different signal light therebetween, and,

before the polarization of the first and second wavelength division multiplexed signal lights is scrambled by the first and second polarization scramblers, the polarization of each signal light of the first and second plurality of signal lights is different from the polarization of adjacent signal lights.

29. An apparatus as in claim 28, wherein, before the polarization of the first and second wavelength division multiplexed signal lights is scrambled by the first and second polarization scramblers, the polarization of each signal light of the first and second plurality of signal lights is different.

30. An apparatus as in claim 28, wherein, before the polarization of the first and second wavelength division multiplexed signal lights is scrambled by the first and second polarization scramblers, the polarization of each signal light of the first plurality of signal lights is the same and is defined as a first polarization, and the polarization of each signal light of the second plurality of signal lights is the same and is defined as a second polarization, the first polarization being orthogonal to the second polarization.

31. An apparatus for scrambling a polarization of signal lights, comprising:

a polarization scrambling mechanism which scrambles the polarization of a signal light with a scrambling frequency; and

a combining mechanism which combines the polarization scrambled signal light with at least one other signal light to form a wavelength division multiplexed signal light, wherein

N signal lights each have a different frequency, the signal lights being defined as a first through an Nth signal light as numbered in order along a frequency spectrum of the different frequencies

the polarization scrambling mechanism includes

a first combiner which combines even numbered signal lights to form a first wavelength division multiplexed signal light,

a second combiner which combines odd numbered signal lights to form a second wavelength division multiplexed signal light,

a first polarization scrambler which scrambles the polarization of the first wavelength division multiplexed signal light with a first scrambling frequency, and

a second polarization scrambler which scrambles the polarization of the second wavelength division multiplexed signal light with a second scrambling frequency which is different from the first scrambling frequency and

the combining mechanism combines the polarization scrambled first wavelength division multiplexed signal light with the polarization scrambled second wavelength division multiplexed signal light, to produce a resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal light.

32. An apparatus for scrambling a polarization of signal lights, comprising:

a polarization scrambling mechanism which scrambles the polarization of a signal light with a scrambling frequency; and

a combining mechanism which combines the polarization scrambled signal light with at least one other signal light to form a wavelength division multiplexed signal light, wherein

N signal lights each have a different frequency, the signal lights being defined as a first through an Nth signal light as numbered in order along a frequency spectrum of the different frequencies, the N signal lights including a plurality of even numbered signal lights having a first polarization, a plurality of even numbered signal lights having a second polarization, a plurality of odd numbered signal lights having the first polarization, and a plurality of odd numbered lights having the second polarization, the first polarization being different from the second polarization,

the polarization scrambling mechanism includes

a first combiner which combines even numbered signal lights having the first polarization to form a first wavelength division multiplexed signal light,

a second combiner which combines even numbered signal lights having the second polarization to form a second wavelength division multiplexed signal light,

a third combiner which combines odd numbered signal lights having the first polarization to form a third wavelength division multiplexed signal light,

a fourth combiner which combines odd numbered signal lights having the second polarization to form a fourth wavelength division multiplexed signal light,

a fifth combiner which combines the first and second wavelength division multiplexed signal lights to form a fifth wavelength division multiplexed signal light,

a sixth combiner which combines the third and fourth wavelength division multiplexed signal lights to form a sixth wavelength division multiplexed signal light,

a first polarization scrambler which scrambles the polarization of the fifth wavelength division multiplexed signal light with a first scrambling frequency, and

a second polarization scrambler which scrambles the polarization of the sixth wavelength division multiplexed signal light with a second scrambling frequency which is different from the first scrambling frequency and

the combining mechanism combines the polarization scrambled fifth wavelength division multiplexed signal light with the polarization scrambled sixth wavelength division multiplexed signal light, to produce a resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal light.

33. An apparatus for scrambling a polarization of signal lights, comprising:

a combining mechanism which combines first and second signal lights to form a resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal light, the first and second signal lights having different polarization; and

a polarization scrambler which scrambles the polarization of the resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal light, wherein

the combining mechanism combines a plurality of signal lights to form the resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal, each of the signal lights having either a first polarization or a second polarization, the first polarization being orthogonal to the second polarization.

34. An apparatus for scrambling a polarization of signal lights, comprising:

a combining mechanism which combines first and second signal lights to form a resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal light, the first and second signal lights having different polarization; and

a polarization scrambler which scrambles the polarization of the resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal light, wherein

the combining mechanism includes

a first combiner which combines a first plurality of signal lights to form a first wavelength division multiplexed signal light, each signal light of the first plurality of signal lights having a first polarization,

a second combiner which combines a second plurality of signal lights, different from the first plurality of signal lights, to form a second wavelength division multiplexed signal light, each signal light of the second plurality of signal lights having a second polarization which is different from the first polarization, and

a third combiner which combines the first and second wavelength division multiplexed signal lights to form the resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal light.

35. An apparatus as in claim 34, wherein the first polarization is orthogonal to the second polarization.

36. An apparatus as in claim 34, wherein the polarization scrambler is defined as a main polarization scrambler, the apparatus further comprising:

a redundant polarization scrambler in parallel with the main polarization scrambler, for scrambling the resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal light when the main polarization scrambler fails.

37. An apparatus for scrambling a polarization of signal lights, comprising:

a combining mechanism which combines first and second signal lights to form a resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal light, the first and second signal lights having different polarization; and

a polarization scrambler which scrambles the polarization of the resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal light, wherein

N signal lights each have a different frequency, the signal lights being defined as a first through an Nth signal light as numbered in order along a frequency spectrum of the different frequencies, the even numbered signal lights having a first polarization and the odd numbered signal lights having a second polarization, the first polarization being different from the second polarization, and

the combining mechanism includes

a first combiner which combines the even numbered signal lights to form a first wavelength division multiplexed signal light,

a second combiner which combines the odd numbered signal lights to form a second wavelength division multiplexed signal light, and

a third combiner which combines the first and second wavelength division multiplexed signal lights to form the resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal light.

38. An apparatus as in claim 37, wherein the first polarization is orthogonal to the second polarization.

39. An apparatus for scrambling a polarization of signal lights, comprising:

a combining mechanism which combines first and second signal lights to form a resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal light, the first and second signal lights having different polarization; and

a polarization scrambler which scrambles the polarization of the resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal light, wherein

the polarization scrambler is defined as a main polarization scrambler, and

the apparatus further comprises

a redundant polarization scrambler in parallel with the main polarization scrambler, for scrambling the resulting wavelength division multiplexed signal light when the main polarization scrambler fails.

40. An apparatus comprising:

a plurality of signal light transmission sections which produce a plurality of signal lights, respectively, each signal light having a polarization; and

a plurality of polarization scramblers respectively corresponding to the plurality of signal lights, each polarization scrambler scrambling the polarization of the corresponding signal light with a scrambling frequency which is different from the scrambling frequency of each of the other polarization scramblers, the polarization scrambled signal lights being combined together to form a wavelength division multiplexed light.

41. A method comprising the steps of:

scrambling the polarization of a first signal light with a first scrambling frequency;

scrambling the polarization of a second signal light with a second scrambling frequency which is different from the first scrambling frequency; and

combining the first and second polarization scrambled signal lights into a wavelength division multiplexed signal light.

42. An apparatus comprising:

means for scrambling the polarization of a first signal light with a first scrambling frequency;

means for scrambling the polarization of a second signal light with a second scrambling frequency which is different from the first scrambling frequency; and

means for combining the first and second polarization scrambled signal lights into a wavelength division multiplexed signal light.