Data communication system using indentification protocol

• US 5,841,770 A
• Filed: 10/07/1996
• Issued: 11/24/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 12/15/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Round Rock Research LLC
• Original Assignee: Micron Technology, Inc.
• Inventors: Tuttle, John R., Rotzoll, Robert R., Allen, David H., Snodgrass, Charles K., Pax, George E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Safourek, Benedict V.
• Assistant Examiner(s): RAO, SEEMA SRINIVAS
• Application Number:
  US08/726,560
• Time in Patent Office: 778 Days
• Field of Search: 370/347, 370/346, 370/447, 370/312, 370/349, 370/449, 340/825.07, 340/825.08, 455/49.1, 455/53.1, 455/54.1, 455/55.1, 455/500, 455/70
• US Class Current: 370/346
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/758 using a signal generator powered by the interrogation signal
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/765 with exchange of information between interrogator and responder
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/767 Responders; Transponders teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using reflecting targets or active targets F41G3/26
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/78 discriminating between different kinds of targets, e.g. IFF-radar, i.e. identification of friend or foe G01S13/75, G01S13/79 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0723 the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/0008 General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10049 binary tree
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10356 using a plurality of antennas, e.g. configurations including means to resolve interference between the plurality of antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/403 with centralised control, e.g. polling
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/413 with random access, e.g. carrier-sense multiple-access with collision detection [CSMA-CD]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2101/604 Address structures or formats
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2101/622 Layer-2 addresses, e.g. medium access control [MAC] addresses
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/35 involving non-standard use of addresses for implementing network functionalities, e.g. coding subscription information within the address or functional addressing, i.e. assigning an address to a function
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/5038 for local use, e.g. in LAN or USB networks, or in a controller area network [CAN]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/5046 Resolving address allocation conflicts; Testing of addresses testing when self-assigning an address H04L61/5092
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/5069 for group communication, multicast communication or broadcast communication
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/5084 Providing for device mobility network addressing or numbering for mobility support in wireless networks H04W8/26; mobile IP H04W80/04
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/5092 by self-assignment, e.g. picking addresses at random and testing if they are already in use
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/06 Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/12 Messaging; Mailboxes; Announcements
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 74/08 : Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA hybrid access H04W74/02
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 74/0825 : with collision detection
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 76/10 : Connection setup

Abstract

One or more interrogating commander stations and an unknown plurality of responding responder stations coordinate use of a common communication medium. Each commander station and each responder station is equipped to broadcast messages and to check for error in received messages. When more than one station attempts to broadcast simultaneously, an erroneous message is received and communication is interrupted. To establish uninterrupted communication, a commander station broadcasts a command causing each responder station of a potentially large first number of responder stations to each select a random number from a known range and retain it as its arbitration number. After receipt of such a command, each addressed responder station transmits a response message containing its arbitration number. Zero, one, or several responses may occur simultaneously. By broadcasting requests for identification to various subsets of the full range of arbitration numbers and checking for an immediate error-free response, a commander station can determine the arbitration number of every responder station capable of communicating at the time. Consequently, a commander station can conduct subsequent uninterrupted communication with each responder station, for example by addressing only one responder station. Responder stations of this invention -require minimal logic and circuitry to respond to multiple commander stations.

Claims

1. A communication system comprising:

a) a communication medium;

b) a plurality of first stations, each first station coupled to the medium and each comprising;

1) a first receiver for receiving a command signal, the command signal comprising a first address, the first address for exciting a response from a first portion of the plurality,

2) means, responsive to the command signal, for selecting a temporary self designation from a predetermined set of designations, the number of members in the set being more than one, and

3) a first transmitter for transmitting a reply signal characterized by the self designation, each of the first portion of the plurality transmitting substantially simultaneously after reception of the command signal; and

c) a second station coupled to the medium comprising;

1) a second transmitter for transmitting the command signal,

2) a second receiver for receiving the reply signal,

3) means for determining the self designation from the reply signal,

4) a first circuit for providing a collision detection signal, and

5) means responsive to the collision detection signal for specifying a second address different from the first address, the second address for exciting a second portion of the plurality.

2. A commander transceiver comprising:

a transmitter circuit for transmitting a Generate command message;

a receiver circuit for receiving response messages subsequent to the transmitting of a Generate command message, wherein each response message includes an address identifying a station which transmitted that response message; and

a logic circuit for determining whether the receiver circuit receives a plurality of response messages which include the same address and, if so, controlling the transmitter circuit to transmit another Generate command message.

3. An RF communications system, comprising:

a number of commander transceivers, wherein each commander transceiver includes

a transmitter circuit for transmitting a number of interrogation messages, wherein each interrogation message specifies for response a set of addresses, and

a receiver circuit for receiving response messages; and

a plurality of responder transceivers for responding to the interrogation messages, wherein each responder transceiver includes

a first memory for storing an address which identifies the responder,

a second memory for storing a binary waiting flag having an on state and an off state,

a receiver circuit for receiving the interrogation messages,

a transmitter circuit for transmitting the response messages,

a first logic circuit for detecting when the receiver circuit of the responder receives an interrogation message, and

a second logic circuit, responsive to an interrogation message being detected by the first logic circuit of the responder, for determining whether said interrogation message specifies for response a set of addresses which includes the address stored in the first memory of the responder and

if the determination is negative, then setting the waiting flag in the second memory of the responder to the on state during a period of time, and then setting the waiting flag to the off state after said period, otherwise,

if the determination is affirmative, and if the responder'"'"'s waiting flag is off, then controlling the transmitter circuit of the responder to transmit a response message.

4. A system according to claim 32, wherein said period of time following one interrogation message being detected is great enough that any response message transmitted by one of the responder transceivers after the waiting period will not collide with any response message transmitted by any other responder transceiver in response to said one interrogation message.

5. An RF communications system, comprising:

a commander transceiver, including

a transmitter circuit for transmitting command messages,

a first commander logic circuit for controlling the commander transmitter circuit to transmit a Clear Response Lock command message and then transmit a number of Identify command messages,

a receiver circuit for receiving response messages, and

a second commander logic circuit for determining when the receiver circuit receives an undamaged response message which contains an address and, if so, controlling the transmitter circuit to transmit a Set Response Lock command message addressed to the address contained in said undamaged response message; and

a number of responder transceivers, wherein each responder transceiver includes

a first memory for storing an address identifying the responder transceiver,

a second memory for storing a Response Lock flag having a Clear value or a Set value,

a receiver circuit for receiving command messages from the commander transceiver,

a transmitter circuit for transmitting response messages to the commander transceiver,

a first responder logic circuit for determining whether the responder'"'"'s receiver circuit receives a Clear Response Lock command message and, only if so, storing the Clear value into the responder'"'"'s second memory,

a second responder logic circuit for determining whether the responder'"'"'s receiver circuit receives a Set Response Lock command message and, only if so, storing the Set value into the responder'"'"'s second memory, and

a third responder logic circuit for determining whether the responder'"'"'s receiver circuit receives an Identify command message and determining whether the value of the responder'"'"'s Response Lock flag is Clear and, only if both determinations by the third responder logic circuit are affirmative, controlling the responder'"'"'s transmitter circuit to transmit a response message containing the address stored in the responder'"'"'s first memory.

6. An RF communications system, comprising:

a number of responder transceivers, wherein each responder transceiver includes

a first memory for storing an address identifying the responder transceiver,

a receiver circuit for receiving command messages,

a transmitter circuit for transmitting response messages,

a first responder logic circuit for determining whether the responder'"'"'s receiver circuit receives a Generate command message and, only if so, choosing an address for the responder and storing the chosen address in the first memory, and

a second responder logic circuit for determining whether the responder'"'"'s receiver circuit receives an Identify command message and, only if so, controlling the responder'"'"'s transmitter circuit to transmit a response message containing the address stored in the responder'"'"'s first memory; and

a commander transceiver, including

a transmitter circuit for transmitting command messages to the responder transceivers,

a receiver circuit for receiving response messages from the responder transceivers,

a first commander logic circuit for controlling the commander'"'"'s transmitter circuit to transmit a first Generate command message and then transmit a number of Identify command messages, and

a second commander logic circuit for determining whether any response messages received by the commander'"'"'s receiver circuit indicate a likelihood that multiple responder transceivers are identifying themselves by the same address and, only if so, controlling the transmitter circuit to transmit a second Generate command message.

7. A system according to claim 6, wherein the first logic circuit of each responder chooses that responder'"'"'s address independently of other responder transceivers'"'"' choosing their respective addresses.

8. A system according to claim 6, wherein:

the address stored in the first memory of each responder transceiver has a predetermined number of bits;

each Identify command message specifies for response a subset of addresses which is less than or equal to the entire set of addresses which can be represented by said predetermined number of bits;

the second logic circuit in each responder transceiver does not control the responder'"'"'s transmitter circuit to transmit a response message upon an Identify command message being received by the responder'"'"'s receiver circuit unless the Identify command message specifies for response a subset of addresses which includes the address stored in the first memory of that responder;

the first commander logic circuit controls the commander'"'"'s transmitter circuit to transmit a plurality of Identify messages which specify for response different subsets of addresses; and

the second commander logic circuit determines that none of the individual addresses within the subset specified in an Identify message transmitted by the commander identifies multiple responder transceivers if the commander receives response messages from either zero or one responder transceiver in response to said Identify message being transmitted.

9. An RF communications system, comprising:

a plurality of responder communications transceivers, wherein each responder transceiver includes

a memory for storing an arbitration address which identifies the responder,

a receiver circuit for receiving command message signals,

a first logic circuit for detecting whether a signal received by the receiver circuit is a Generate command message, and

a second logic circuit, responsive to a Generate command message being detected by the first logic circuit, for randomly choosing a new value for the arbitration address and storing the newly chosen address in the memory; and

a commander communications transceiver having a transmitter circuit for transmitting Generate command messages to the responder transceivers.

10. A system according to claim 9, wherein:

each responder transceiver further comprises a transmitter circuit for transmitting a response message containing the arbitration address stored in the memory of the responder; and

the commander transceiver further comprises a receiver circuit for receiving response messages from the responder transceivers.

11. A system according to claim 10, wherein the receiver circuit of the commander transceiver further comprises:

a commander logic circuit for determining whether the receiver circuit has received response messages from different responder transceivers with the same arbitration addresses and, if so, then controlling the transmitter circuit of the commander transceiver to transmit a Generate command message.

12. A system according to claim 9, wherein the second logic circuit of each responder transceiver chooses the arbitration address of that responder transceiver independently of arbitration addresses chosen by any other responder transceiver.

13. A system according to claim 9, wherein:

the Generate command messages transmitted by the commander transceiver specify for response a set of addresses; and

the first logic circuit of each responder transceiver further comprises an address comparison logic circuit for determining whether the Generate message detected by said first logic circuit specifies for response a set of addresses which includes the arbitration address stored in the memory of that responder transceiver and, if not, then preventing the second logic circuit of the responder transceiver from choosing a new value for the arbitration address in response to said detected Generate message.

14. An RF communications system, comprising:

a commander transceiver including

a transmitter circuit for transmitting Generate command messages and Identify command messages, and

a receiver circuit for receiving ID messages; and

a plurality of responder transceivers, wherein each responder transceiver includes

a first memory for storing an arbitration address having a first number of bits,

a second memory for storing a unique address having a second number of bits, the second number being greater than the first number,

a transmitter circuit for transmitting ID messages,

a receiver circuit for receiving command message signals,

a first logic circuit for detecting whether a signal received by the receiver circuit is a Generate command message and, if so, for randomly choosing a new value for the arbitration address and storing the newly chosen arbitration address in the first memory, and

a second logic circuit for detecting whether a signal received by the receiver circuit is an Identify command message which specifies for response a group of addresses which includes the arbitration address stored in the first memory of the responder transceiver and, if so, for controlling the transmitter circuit to transmit an Arbitration ID message containing the arbitration address stored in the first memory and to transmit a Unique ID message containing the unique address stored in the second memory.

15. A system according to claim 14, wherein the first logic circuit of each responder transceiver chooses the arbitration address of that responder transceiver independently of the arbitration addresses chosen by the other responder transceivers.

16. A system according to claim 14, wherein each responder transceiver further comprises:

a third logic circuit for detecting whether the Generate command message detected by the first logic circuit of the responder transceiver specifies for response a group of addresses which includes the arbitration address stored in the first memory of the responder transceiver and, if not, then preventing the first logic circuit of the responder transceiver from choosing a new value for the arbitration address in response to said detected Generate message.

17. A responder transceiver for responding to interrogation messages from a number of commander transceivers, comprising:

a first memory for storing an address which identifies the responder;

a second memory for storing a binary waiting flag having an on state and an off state;

a receiver circuit for receiving interrogation messages;

a transmitter circuit for transmitting response messages;

a first logic circuit for detecting when the receiver circuit receives an interrogation message; and

a second logic circuit, responsive to an interrogation message being detected by the first logic circuit, for determining whether said interrogation message specifies for response a set of addresses which includes the address stored in the first memory and

if the determination is negative, then setting the waiting flag in the second memory to the on state during a period of time, and then setting the waiting flag to the off state after said period, otherwise,

if the determination is affirmative, and if the waiting flag is off, then controlling the transmitter circuit to transmit a response message.

18. A responder transceiver according to claim 17, wherein said period of time following one interrogation message being detected is great enough that any response message transmitted by the responder transceiver after the waiting period will not collide with any response message transmitted by any other responder transceiver in response to said one interrogation message.

19. A responder transceiver comprising:

a memory for storing an arbitration address which identifies the responder;

a receiver circuit for receiving command message signals;

a first logic circuit for detecting whether a signal received by the receiver circuit is a Generate command message; and

a second logic circuit, responsive to a Generate message being detected by the first logic circuit, for randomly choosing a new value for the arbitration address and storing the newly chosen address in the memory.

20. A responder transceiver according to claim 19, further comprising:

a transmitter circuit for transmitting a message containing the arbitration address stored in the memory.

21. A responder transceiver according to claim 19, wherein the second logic circuit chooses the arbitration address of the responder transceiver independently of arbitration addresses chosen by any other responder transceiver.

22. A responder transceiver according to claim 19, wherein the first logic circuit further comprises:

an address comparison logic circuit for determining whether the detected Generate message specifies for response a set of addresses which includes the arbitration address stored in the memory and, if not, then preventing the second logic circuit from choosing a new value for the arbitration address in response to the detected Generate message.

23. A responder transceiver comprising:

a first memory for storing an arbitration address having a first number of bits;

a second memory for storing a unique address having a second number of bits, the second number being greater than the first number;

a transmitter circuit for transmitting messages;

a receiver circuit for receiving command message signals;

a first logic circuit for detecting whether a signal received by the receiver circuit is a Generate command message and, if so, for randomly choosing a new value for the arbitration address and storing the newly chosen arbitration address in the first memory; and

a second logic circuit for detecting whether a signal received by the receiver circuit is an Identify command message which specifies for response a group of addresses which includes the arbitration address stored in the first memory of the responder transceiver and, if so, for controlling the transmitter circuit to transmit an Arbitration ID message containing the arbitration address stored in the first memory and to transmit a Unique ID message containing the unique address stored in the second memory.

24. A responder transceiver according to claim 23, wherein the first logic circuit chooses the arbitration address of the responder transceiver independently of arbitration addresses chosen by any other responder transceiver.

25. A responder transceiver according to claim 23, further comprising:

a third logic circuit for detecting whether the Generate command message detected by the first logic circuit specifies for response a group of addresses which includes the arbitration address stored in the first memory of the responder transceiver and, if not, then preventing the first logic circuit from choosing a new value for the arbitration address in response to the detected Generate message.