Spatial integrating optical correlator for verifying the authenticity of a person, product or thing
First Claim
1. A method of verifying the authenticity of an object, the method comprising the steps of:
- associating an input mask with the object. said input mask including a two dimensional function N(x,y);
scanning in one dimension said input mask with a light source to generate an input image;
projecting said input image at a reference mask in the spatial domain to generate a spatially integrated correlation image,said reference mask includes a two dimensional function MSDF (x,y) which includes possible shifts in the y-direction and is defined by, ##EQU5## where m0 is the severity of misalignment in a y-direction for a system designed to detect a two dimensional function M(x,y) by one dimensional correlation, andsaid correlation image has a function defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">R(x'"'"',y.sub.0)=∫
∫
N(x-x'"'"',y-y.sub.0)M.sub.SDF (x,y)dxdy;
detecting said correlation image to provide a correlation signal indicative of said correlation image; and
comparing said correlation signal to at least one threshold level to verify to the authenticity of the object.
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Abstract
A method of verifying the authenticity of an object is disclosed employing a spatial integrating optical correlator. An unreadable and hence non-counterfeitable mask (e.g., a. complex mask or a phase mask) is coupled to the object and the optical correlator compares the mask with a reference mask on which it is scanned over. The correlator produces a correlation spot or image having an intensity which exceeds a given level if the mask is genuine. An alternate embodiment includes a fingerprint or other personalized pattern bonded to the mask, and the fingerprint or other personalized pattern on the card is compared to a reference fingerprint or other personalized pattern of the card holder for added security.
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Citations
93 Claims
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1. A method of verifying the authenticity of an object, the method comprising the steps of:
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associating an input mask with the object. said input mask including a two dimensional function N(x,y); scanning in one dimension said input mask with a light source to generate an input image; projecting said input image at a reference mask in the spatial domain to generate a spatially integrated correlation image, said reference mask includes a two dimensional function MSDF (x,y) which includes possible shifts in the y-direction and is defined by, ##EQU5## where m0 is the severity of misalignment in a y-direction for a system designed to detect a two dimensional function M(x,y) by one dimensional correlation, and said correlation image has a function defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">R(x'"'"',y.sub.0)=∫
∫
N(x-x'"'"',y-y.sub.0)M.sub.SDF (x,y)dxdy;detecting said correlation image to provide a correlation signal indicative of said correlation image; and comparing said correlation signal to at least one threshold level to verify to the authenticity of the object. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
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9. A method of verifying the authenticity of an object, the method comprising the steps of:
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associating an input mask with the object, said input mask includes a two dimensional function N(x,y); providing a spatial integrating optical correlator having an input plane and an output plane; scanning in one dimension said input mask with a light source to generate an input image at said input plane of said correlator; projecting said input image at a reference mask in the spatial domain to generate a spatially integrated correlation image at said output plane of said correlator, said reference mask includes a two dimensional function MSDF (x,y) which includes possible shifts in the y-direction and is defined by, ##EQU6## where m0 is the severity of misalignment in a y-direction for a system designed to detect a two dimensional function M(x,y) by one dimensional correlation; said correlation image has a function defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">R(x'"'"',y.sub.0)=∫
∫
N(x-x'"'"', y-y.sub.0)M.sub.SDF (x,y)dxdy;detecting said correlation image to provide a correlation signal indicative of said correlation image; and comparing said correlation signal to at least one threshold level to verify to the authenticity of the object. - View Dependent Claims (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16)
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17. An apparatus for verifying the authenticity of an object having an input mask coupled thereto, comprising:
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a partially coherent light source; means for scanning in one dimension said input mask with said light source to generate an input image, said input mask includes a two dimensional function N(x,y); a reference mask including a two dimensional function MSDF (x,y) which includes possible shifts in the y-direction and is defined by, ##EQU7## where m0 is the severity of misalignment in a y-direction for a system designed to detect a two dimensional function M(x,y) by one dimensional correlation; means for projecting said input image at said reference mask in the spatial domain to generate a spatially integrated correlation image having a function defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">R(x'"'"',y.sub.0)=∫
∫
N(x-x'"'"',y-y.sub.0)M.sub.SDF (x,y)dxdy;means for detecting said correlation image to provide a correlation signal indicative of said correlation image; and means for comparing said correlation signal to a threshold level to verify to the authenticity of the object. - View Dependent Claims (18, 19, 20, 21, 22)
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23. An apparatus for verifying the authenticity of an object having an input mask coupled thereto, comprising:
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a partially coherent light source; a spatial integrating optical correlator having an input plane and an output plane; means for scanning in one dimension said input mask with said light source to generate an input image at said input plane of said correlator, said input mask includes a two dimensional function N(x,y); a reference mask including a two dimensional function MSDF (x,y) which includes possible shifts in the v-direction and is defined by, ##EQU8## where m0 is the severity of misalignment in a y-direction for a system designed to detect a two dimensional function M(x,y) by one dimensional correlation; means for projecting said input image at said reference mask in the spatial domain to generate a spatially integrated correlation image at said output plane of said correlator, said correlation image has a function defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">R(x'"'"'y.sub.0)=∫
∫
N(x-x'"'"',y-y.sub.0)M.sub.SDF (x,y)dxdy;means for detecting said correlation image to provide a correlation signal indicative of said correlation image; and means for comparing said correlation signal to at least one threshold level to verify to the authenticity of the object. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25, 26, 27, 28)
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29. A method of verifying the authenticity of an object, the method comprising the steps of:
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converting a biometric signature into a first mask including a one dimensional function f(x); bonding a second mask to said first mask to form an input mask, wherein said input mask is a composite mask, said second mask including a one dimensional function M(x), said one dimensional function M(x) is defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">M(x)=e.sup.iφ
.sbsp.m.sup.(x)where φ
m(x) is a random function, whereby said composite mask includes a one dimensional function g(x), said function g(x) being defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">g(x)=f(x)M(x);associating said input mask with the object; scanning in one dimension said input mask with a light source to generate an input image; projecting said input image at a reference mask in the spatial domain to generate a spatially integrated correlation image, said reference mask including a one dimensional function M*(x), where * is the complex conjugate, and said correlation image has a function R(x) defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">R(x)=∫
M*(x-x'"'"')g(x)dx;detecting said correlation image to provide a correlation signal indicative of said correlation image; and comparing said correlation signal to at least one threshold level to verify to the authenticity of the object. - View Dependent Claims (30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37)
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38. A method of verifying the authenticity of an object, the method comprising the steps of:
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converting a biometric signature into a first mask including a one dimensional function f(x); and bonding a second mask to said first mask to form an input mask, wherein said input mask is a composite mask, said second mask including a one dimensional function M(x), said one dimensional function M(x) is defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">M(x)=e .sup.iφ
.sbsp.m.sup.(x)where φ
m (x) is a random function, whereby said composite mask includes a one dimensional function g(x), said function g(x) being defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">g(x)=f(x)M(x);associating an input mask with the object; providing a spatial integrating optical correlator having an input plane and an output plane; scanning in one dimension said input mask with a light source to generate an input image at said input plane of said correlator; projecting said input image at a reference mask in the spatial domain to generate a spatially integrated correlation image at said output plane of said correlator, said reference mask includes a one dimensional function M*(x), where * is the complex conjugate, and said correlation image has a function R(x) defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">R(x)=∫
M*(x-x'"'"')g(x)dx;detecting said correlation image to provide a correlation signal indicative of said correlation image; and comparing said correlation signal to at least one threshold level to verify to the authenticity of the object. - View Dependent Claims (39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46)
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47. An apparatus for verifying the authenticity of an object comprising:
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a first mask including a biometric signature, said first mask including a one dimensional function f(x); a second mask bonded to said first mask to form an input mask, wherein said input mask is a composite mask and is associated with the object, said second mask including a one dimensional function M(x), said one dimensional function M(x) is defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">M(x)=e.sup.iφ
.sbsp.m.sup.(x)where φ
m (x) is a random function, whereby said composite mask includes a one dimensional function g(x), said function g(x) being defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">g(x)=f(x)M(x);a partially coherent light source; means for scanning in one dimension said input mask with said light source to generate an input image; a reference mask including a one dimensional function M*(x), where * is the complex conjugate; means for projecting said input image at said reference mask in the spatial domain to generate a spatially integrated correlation image, said correlation image has a function R(x)defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">R(x)=∫
M*(x-x'"'"')g(x)dx;means for detecting said correlation image to provide a correlation signal indicative of said correlation image; and means for comparing said correlation signal to a threshold level to verify to the authenticity of the object. - View Dependent Claims (48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54)
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55. An apparatus for verifying the authenticity of an object comprising:
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a first mask including a biometric signature, said first mask including a one dimensional function f(x); a second mask bonded to said first mask to form said input mask, wherein said input mask is a composite mask and is associated with the object, said second mask includes a one dimensional function M(x), said one dimensional function M(x) is defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">M(x)=e.sup.iφ
.sbsp.m.sup.(X)where φ
m (x) is a random function, whereby said composite mask includes a one dimensional function g(x), said function g(x) being defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">g(x)=f(x)M(x);a partially coherent light source; a spatial integrating optical correlator having an input plane and an output plane; means for scanning in one dimension said input mask with said light source to generate an input image at said input plane of said correlator; a reference mask including a one dimensional function M*(x), where * is the complex conjugate; means for projecting said input image at said reference mask in the spatial domain to generate a spatially integrated correlation image at said output plane of said correlator, said correlation image has a function R(x)defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">R(x)=∫
M*(x-x'"'"')g(x)dx;means for detecting said correlation image to provide a correlation signal indicative of said correlation image; and means for comparing said correlation signal to at least one threshold level to verify to the authenticity of the object. - View Dependent Claims (56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61)
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62. A method of verifying the authenticity of an object, the method comprising the steps of:
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converting a biometric signature into a first mask, said first mask includes a two dimensional function f(x,y); bonding a second mask to said first mask to form an input mask, wherein said input mask is a composite mask, said second mask includes a two dimensional function M(x,y), said two dimensional function M(x,y) is defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">M(x,y)=e .sup.iφ
.sbsp.m.sup.(x,y)where φ
m (x,y) is a random function, whereby said composite mask includes a two dimensional function g(x,y), said function g(x,y) being defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">g(x,y)=f(x,y)M(x,y);associating said input mask with the object; scanning in one dimension said input mask with a light source to generate an input mask image; projecting said input image at a reference mask in the spatial domain to generate a spatially integrated correlation image, said reference mask includes a two dimensional function M*(x,y), where * is the complex conjugate, and said correlation image has a function R(x,y) defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">R(x,y)=∫
∫
M*(x-x'"'"',y-y'"'"')g(x,y)dxdy;detecting said correlation image to provide a correlation signal indicative of said correlation image; and comparing said correlation signal to at least one threshold level to verify to the authenticity of the object. - View Dependent Claims (63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70)
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71. A method of verifying the authenticity of an object, the method comprising the steps of:
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converting a biometric signature into a first mask, said first mask including a two dimensional function f(x,y); bonding a second mask to said first mask to form input mask, wherein said input mask is a composite mask, said second mask includes a two dimensional function M(x,y), said two dimensional function M(x,y) is defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">M(x,y)=e.sup.iφ
.sbsp.m.sup.(x,y)where φ
m (x,y) is a random function, whereby said composite mask includes a two dimensional function g(x,y), said function g(x,y) being defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">g(x,y)=f(x,y)M(x,y);associating an input mask with the object; providing a spatial integrating optical correlator having an input plane and an output plane; scanning in one dimension said input mask with a light source to generate an input image at said input plane of said correlator, projecting said input image at a reference mask in the spatial domain to generate a spatially integrated correlation image at said output plane of said correlator, said reference mask includes a two dimensional function M*(x,y), where * is the complex conjugate, and said correlation image has a function R(x,y) defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">R(x,y)=∫
∫
M*(x-x'"'"',y-y'"'"')g(x,y)dxdy;detecting said correlation image to provide a correlation signal indicative of said correlation image; and comparing said correlation signal to at least one threshold level to verify to the authenticity of the object. - View Dependent Claims (72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79)
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80. An apparatus for verifying the authenticity of an object comprising:
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a first mask including a biometric signature, said first mask includes a two dimensional function f(x,y); a second mask bonded to said first mask to form an input mask, wherein said input mask is a composite mask and is associated with the object, said second mask includes a two dimensional function M(x,y), said two dimensional function M(x,y) is defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">M(x,y)=e.sup.iφ
.sbsp.m.sup.(x,y)where φ
m (x,y) is a random function, whereby said composite mask includes a two dimensional function g(x,y), said function g(x,y) being defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">g(x,y)=f(x,y)M(x,y);a partially coherent light source; means for scanning in one dimension said input mask with said light source to generate an input image; a reference mask including a two dimensional function M*(x,y) where * is the complex conjugate; means for projecting said input image at said reference mask in the spatial domain to generate a spatially integrated correlation image, said correlation image has a function R(x,y) defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">R(x,y)=∫
∫
M*(x-x'"'"',y-y'"'"')g(x,y)dxdy;means for detecting said correlation image to provide a correlation signal indicative of said correlation image; and means for comparing said correlation signal to a threshold level to verify to the authenticity of the object. - View Dependent Claims (81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86)
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87. An apparatus for verifying the authenticity of an object comprising:
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a first mask including a biometric signature, said first mask including a two dimensional function f(x,y); a second mask bonded to said first mask to form an input mask, wherein said input mask is a composite mask and is associated with the object, said second mask includes a two dimensional function M(x,y), said two dimensional function M(x,y) is defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">M(x,y)=e.sup.iφ
.sbsp.m.sup.(x,y)where φ
m (x,y) is a random function, whereby said composite mask includes a two dimensional function g(x,y), said function g(x,y) being defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">g(x,y)=f(x,y)M(x,y);a partially coherent light source; a spatial integrating optical correlator having an input plane and an output plane; means for scanning in one dimension said input mask with said light source to generate an input image at said input plane of said correlator; a reference mask including a two dimensional function M*(x,y), where * is the complex conjugate, means for projecting said input image at said reference mask in the spatial domain to generate a spatially integrated correlation image at said output plane of said correlator, said correlation image has a function R(x,y) defined by,
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">R(x,y)=∫
∫
M*(x-x'"'"',y-y'"'"')g(x,y)dxdy;means for detecting said correlation image to provide a correlation signal indicative of said correlation image; and means for comparing said correlation signal to at least one threshold level to verify to the authenticity of the object. - View Dependent Claims (88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93)
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Specification