Air detector for intravenous infusion system

• US 5,843,035 A
• Filed: 04/10/1996
• Issued: 12/01/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 04/10/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Baxter International Inc.
• Original Assignee: Baxter International Inc.
• Inventors: Matthews, Joseph, Bowman, George, Eyster, Kurt
• Primary Examiner(s): Stright, Ronald
• Assistant Examiner(s): Mehta, Bhisma
• Application Number:
  US08/629,879
• Time in Patent Office: 965 Days
• Field of Search: 604/65, 604/66, 604/67, 604/131, 604/122, 604/123, 128/DIG. 12, 128/DIG. 13
• US Class Current: 604/122
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/276 preventing unwanted use
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/14228 with linear peristaltic action, i.e. comprising at least three pressurising members or a helical member
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/365 Air detectors A61M5/1684 takes precedence; in extracorporeal blood circuits A61M1/3626
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/015 Attenuation, scattering
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/02433 Gases in liquids, e.g. bubbles, foams
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/02836 Flow rate, liquid level
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/032 by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/348 with frequency characteristics, e.g. single frequency signals, chirp signals measuring frequency of mechanical vibrations or acoustic waves in general G01H1/06, G01H3/04; measuring frequency or analysing frequency spectra G01R23/00

Abstract

The present invention provides an apparatus for detecting excessive air in a liquid flow-through tube. The apparatus includes an ultrasonic transmitter for transmitting ultrasonic signals and an ultrasonic receiver for receiving ultrasonic signals. The ultrasonic transmitter and ultrasonic receiver are separated by the IV tube. The apparatus further provides circuit means for generating at least two transmitting signals to actuate the ultrasonic transmitter and circuit means for detecting received signals. Means are provided for determining whether the received signal is indicative of air or liquid in the IV tube. The apparatus further relies on logarithmic detection of air in fluids rather than linear detection which provides a larger safety factor in prediction of air embolus.

Claims

1. An apparatus for detecting excessive air in a liquid flow-through tube comprising:

an ultrasonic transmitter for transmitting ultrasonic signals the ultrasonic transmitter including an ultrasonic crystal having a thickness and a surface area;

an ultrasonic receiver for receiving ultrasonic signals the ultrasonic transmitter and ultrasonic receiver being separated by the tube;

circuit means for generating at least two transmitting signals a first transmitting signal based on the frequency of the thickness of the ultrasonic crystal and a second transmitting signal based on the surface area of the ultrasonic crystal, to actuate the ultrasonic transmitter;

circuit means for detecting received signals; and

means for determining whether the received signal is indicative of air or liquid in the tube.

2. An apparatus for detecting excessive air in a liquid flow-through tube comprising:

an ultrasonic transmitter including an ultrasonic crystal having a thickness and surface area for transmitting ultrasonic signals;

an ultrasonic receiver for receiving ultrasonic signals, the ultrasonic transmitter and ultrasonic receiver being separated by the tube;

circuit means for generating at least two transmitting signals, a first transmitting signal based on the frequency of the thickness of the ultrasonic crystal and a second transmitting signal based on the frequency of the surface area of the ultrasonic crystal, to actuate the ultrasonic transmitter;

circuit means for detecting received signals; and

means which utilizes a logarithmic change in signal level for determining whether the received signal is indicative of air or liquid in the tube.

3. An apparatus for detecting excessive air in a liquid flow-through tube comprising:

an ultrasonic transmitter for transmitting ultrasonic signals, the ultrasonic transmitter including an ultrasonic crystal having a thickness and a surface area;

an ultrasonic receiver for receiving ultrasonic signals, the ultrasonic transmitter and ultrasonic receiver being separated by the tube;

circuit means for generating a first transmit signal based on the frequency of the thickness of the ultrasonic crystal and a second transmit signal based on the surface area of the ultrasonic crystal; and

means for determining whether the received signal is indicative of the absence of a tube, a tube with excessive air or a tube with liquid.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the determining means utilizes a logarithmic change in signal level for detecting whether the received ultrasonic signal is indicative of air or liquid in the tube.