Digital mammography with a mosaic of CCD arrays

• US 5,844,242 A
• Filed: 01/26/1996
• Issued: 12/01/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 01/26/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Government of the United States of America), University of Virginia, University of Virginia Patent Foundation (University of Virginia)
• Original Assignee: United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration
• Inventors: McAdoo, James A., Jalink, Antony Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Westin, Edward P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): HANIG, RICHARD E
• Application Number:
  US08/601,143
• Time in Patent Office: 1,040 Days
• Field of Search: 250/370.09, 378/37, 378/98.12
• US Class Current: 250/370.09
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2223/419 computed tomograph
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2223/612 biological material
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 23/046 using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]

Abstract

A digital mammography device uses a mosaic of electronic digital imaging arrays to scan an x-ray image. The mosaic of arrays is repositioned several times to expose different portions of the image, until the entire image is scanned. The data generated by the arrays during each exposure is stored in a computer. After the final exposure, the computer combines data of the several partial images to produce a composite of the original x-ray image. An aperture plate is used to reduce scatter and the overall exposure of the patient to x-rays.

Claims

1. An apparatus for producing a digital mammogram of a patient comprising:

a CCD/readout electronics subsystem having a plurality of CCD arrays for converting radiation into digital image data,

means for exposing the CCD/readout electronics subsystem to a portion of a radiated image a plurality of times,

means for repositioning the CCD/readout electronics subsystem after each exposure until the entire radiated image is exposed to the CCD/readout electronics subsystem,

means for transferring data generated at each exposure to a data storage means, and

means for combining the stored data which was generated at each exposure to form data corresponding to the radiated image.

2. An apparatus according to claim 1 where the means for exposing includes:

a phosphor screen for converting an x-ray image into visible light, and

a fiber optic bundle connected to the phosphor screen and the CCD/readout electronics subsystem.

3. An apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising

an x-ray source,

an x-ray shielding means having a plurality of apertures aligned such that each CCD array is exposed to x-rays over a selected imaging region with the x-ray shielding means placed between the x-ray source and the patient, and

means for repositioning the x-ray shielding means after each exposure.

4. An apparatus according to claim 1 where the data storage means is a personal computer.

5. An apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a display means for displaying data corresponding to the radiated image.

6. An apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising an x-ray transparent plate located above the CCD arrays.

7. A method of producing a digital mammogram comprising the steps of:

exposing a CCD/readout electronics subsystem having a plurality of CCD arrays for converting radiation into digital data to a portion of a radiated image a plurality of times,

repositioning the CCD/readout electronics subsystem after each exposure until the entire radiated image is exposed to CCD/readout electronics subsystem,

transferring data generated at each exposure to a data storage means, and

combining the stored data which was generated at each exposure to form data corresponding to the radiated image.

8. A method according to claim 7 comprising the further step of

placing an x-ray shielding means having a plurality of apertures between an x-ray source and the patient, and

repositioning the shielding means after each exposure such that each CCD array is exposed to x-rays over a selected imaging region.

9. A method according to claim 7 where the data transferred from a plurality of adjacent pixels located on the CCD arrays to the data storage means is simultaneously clocked and electronically combined.

10. A method according to claim 7 where the step of combining the stored data comprises:

coordinate repositioning of the stored data which was generated at each exposure by the extent the CCD arrays had been moved prior to each exposure, and

performing a linear scale factor correction method for variations in pixel to pixel response and radiation source intensity variations.

11. A method according to claim 10 where the linear scale factor correction method comprises the steps of:

generating and recording reference image data,

creating a correction data array by dividing the digital data output of each pixel by the output average of the entire array, and

normalizing all subsequent data by using the correction data array.

12. A digital mammography device comprising:

x-ray means having a plurality of x-ray point sources for creating a radiated image,

CCD/readout electronics subsystem having a plurality of CCD arrays for converting radiation into digital data,

means for exposing the CCD/readout electronics subsystem to a portion of the radiated image a plurality of times,

means for sequentially energizing the point sources after each exposure until the entire image is exposed to the CCD/readout electronics subsystem,

means for transferring data which was generated at each exposure to a data storage means, and

means for combining the stored data which was generated at each exposure to form data corresponding to the radiated image.

13. A device according to claim 12 where the x-ray means comprises a plurality of x-ray devices located at the plurality of point sources.

14. A device according to claim 12 where the x-ray means comprises one x-ray device which is placed at an initial point source and moved to a subsequent point source after each exposure.

15. A device according to claim 12 where the means for exposing includes:

a phosphor screen for converting the x-ray image into a visible light image, and

a fiber optic bundle connected to the phosphor screen and the CCD/readout electronics subsystem.

16. An device according to claim 12 further comprising:

an x-ray source,

an x-ray shielding means having a plurality of apertures aligned such that each CCD array is exposed to x-rays over a selected imaging region with the x-ray shielding means placed between the x-ray source and the patient,

means for repositioning the lead plate after each exposure, and

an x-ray transparent plate located above the CCD arrays for facilitating movement of the CCD/readout electronics subsystem.

17. A device according to claim 12 where the data storage means is a personal computer.

18. A device according to claim 12 further comprising means for displaying data corresponding to the radiated image.

19. A device according to claim 12 further comprising means for three dimensional processing of data corresponding to the radiated image.

20. A method of producing a digital mammogram comprising the steps of:

exposing a CCD/readout electronics subsystem having a plurality of CCD arrays for converting radiation into digital data to a portion of a radiated image a plurality of times,

sequentially energizing a plurality of x-ray point sources after each exposure until the entire image is exposed to the CCD/readout electronics subsystem,

transferring data generated at each exposure to a data storage meab ns, and

combining the stored data which was generated at each exposure to form data corresponding to the radiated image.

21. A method according to claim 20 comprising the further step of:

placing an x-ray shielding means having a plurality of apertures between an x-ray source and the patient; and

repositioning the x-ray shielding means after each exposure such that each CCD array is exposed to x-rays over a selected imaging region.

22. A method according to claim 20 where the data transferred from a plurality of adjacent pixels located on the CCD arrays to the data storage means is simultaneously clocked and electronically combined.

23. A method according to claim 20 where the step of combining the stored data comprises:

coordinate repositioning of the stored data which was generated at each exposure by the distance the CCD arrays had been moved prior to each exposure, and

performing a linear scale factor correction method for variations in pixel to pixel response and radiation source intensity variations.

24. A method according to claim 23 where the linear scale factor correction method comprises the steps of:

generating and recording reference image data,

creating a correction data array by dividing the digital data output of each pixel by the output average of the entire array, and

normalizing all subsequent data by using the correction data array.

25. A method according to claim 23 comprising the further step of performing three dimensional triangulations.

26. A method according to claim 20 comprising the further step of three dimensional image processing.