Method and apparatus of providing bit count integrity and synchronous data transfer over a channel which does not preserve synchronization

• US 5,844,885 A
• Filed: 06/11/1996
• Issued: 12/01/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 06/11/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Inventors: Kudrimoti, Abhijit, Tiedemann, Edward G. Jr., Grob, Matthew S.
• Primary Examiner(s): MARCELO, MELVIN C
• Application Number:
  US08/661,691
• Time in Patent Office: 903 Days
• Field of Search: 370/216, 370/242, 370/394, 370/412, 370/428, 370/429, 370/470, 370/471, 370/517, 371/37.02, 380/49, 380/50, 395/182.16
• US Class Current: 370/216
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/0632 Synchronisation of packets and cells, e.g. transmission of voice via a packet network, circuit emulation service [CES] queuing arrangements in packet switching elements H04L49/90; synchronising systems for the synchronous transmission of a pulse code modulated video signal with one or more other pulse code modulated signals H04N7/56
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/0083 taking measures against momentary loss of synchronisation, e.g. inhibiting the synchronisation, using idle words or using redundant clocks

Abstract

Synchronization and bit count integrity of a synchronous data stream is preserved end to end even as it is transmitted via a medium which does not preserve the synchronous nature of the synchronous data stream. A terminal equipment unit produces a constant rate bit stream which is provided to a communications unit. The communications unit produces first, second, and third data frames comprising, respectively, first, second, and third set of bits from the constant rate bit stream and first, second, and third length fields. The first, second, and third data frames are transmitted to a base unit which places the first set of bits from the first frame into a queue. A set of fill bits equal to the maximum number of bits contained in any frame is then placed into the queue. The base unit then determines the number of bits in the second set of bits of the third data frame, based on the first length field value and the third length field value. The base unit overwrites excess fill bits in the queue with the third set of bits. The number of excess fill bits is equal to the difference between the maximum possible number of bits which may be contained in any frame and the number of bits in the second set of bits.

Claims

1. A method for preserving synchronization and bit count integrity for a synchronous data stream which is transmitted via a medium which does not preserve the synchronous nature of said synchronous data stream, comprising the steps of:

transmitting data frames comprising data bits and a length field;

receiving said data frames and replacing any of said data frames with an erasure frame if excess errors occur in a respective one of said data frames, said erasure frame comprising fill bits;

placing said data bits and said fill bits sequentially in a queue; and

replacing said fill bits with data bits from a successive data frame in accordance with two of said data frames.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said length field represents a data rate in a first data frame relative to a previous data frame.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein said length field is a modulo value in proportion to the data rate of a corresponding data frame.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of placing said data bits and said fill bits sequentially in a queue comprises the steps of:

determining if a current frame is a data frame or an erasure frame;

placing data bits corresponding to said current frame sequentially into said queue if said current frame is a data frame; and

placing a number of fill bits equal to the maximum number of bits in a data frame sequentially into said queue if said current frame is an erasure frame.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of replacing said fill bits with data bits comprises the steps of:

identifying a first received erasure frame, a first data frame received immediately prior to said first received erasure frame, and a second data frame received immediately after said first received erasure frame;

determining the actual number of data bits transmitted corresponding to said first received erasure frame; and

replacing a number of fill bits in said queue with data bits corresponding to said second data frame, said number of replaced fill bits equal to the difference between the maximum number of bits in a data frame and said actual number of data bits transmitted corresponding to said first received erasure frame.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein the step of determining the actual number of data bits transmitted corresponding to said first received erasure frame comprises the steps of:

adding said length field corresponding to said first data frame to a predetermined amount corresponding to a frame rate of said second data frame to produce a first value;

subtracting said first value from said length field corresponding to said second data frame to produce a second value, wherein said second value corresponds to a data rate of said data frame corresponding to said first received erasure frame;

adding a pre-determined modulo number to said second value if said second value is a negative number to produce a third value, wherein said third value corresponds to a data rate of said data frame corresponding to said first received erasure frame; and

calculating the actual number of data bits transmitted in said first received erasure frame using said data rate.

7. A method for determining the number of data bits transmitted in a frame of data, said frame of data replaced by an erasure fame comprising fill bits, comprising the steps of:

identifying said erasure frame, a first data frame received immediately prior to said erasure frame, and a second data frame received immediately after said erasure frame;

adding a length field corresponding to said first data frame to a predetermined amount corresponding to a frame rate of said second data frame to produce a first value;

subtracting said first value from said length field corresponding to said second data frame to produce a second value, wherein said second value corresponds to a data rate of said data frame corresponding to said erasure frame;

adding a pre-determined modulo number to said second value if said second value is a negative number to produce a third value, wherein said third value corresponds to a data rate of said data frame corresponding to said erasure frame; and

calculating the number of data bits transmitted in a data frame corresponding to said erasure frame using said second value if said second value is a positive number and using said third value if said second value is a negative number.

8. In a communication system, a method of providing a constant rate data stream comprising the steps of:

receiving a first frame of data, said first frame of data comprising a first number of bits and a first field length value;

placing said first frame of data in a queue;

moving a write pointer to indicate a queue position for a next received bit;

receiving an erasure in place of a second frame of data;

placing a first number of filler bits in said queue according to said write pointer;

moving said write pointer to indicate a next bit after a last one of said first number of filler bits in said queue;

receiving a third frame of data, said third frame of data comprising a third number of bits and a third field length value;

determining a second number of bits in said second frame of data based on said third number of bits, said first field length value and said third field length value; and

moving, if necessary, said write pointer to a next bit after one of said first number of filler bits in said queue such that an actual number of filler bits equal to said second number of bits has been added to said queue.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein said first number of filler bits is equal to a maximum number of bits which may be received in any frame.

10. The method of claim 8 wherein said first number of filler bits is equal to an average number of bits per frame in a variable rate, frame based, non-error free data stream.

11. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of placing a second number of filler bits in said queue and moving said write pointer to indicate a next bit after a last one of said second number of filler bits such that a total number of filler bits equal to said second number of bits has been added to said queue.

12. The method of claim 8 wherein said queue first produces a constant rate bit stream upon reception of an initial frame.

13. The method of claim 8 wherein said third field length value is equal to a modulo sum of said first field length value, said second number of bits and said third number of bits.

14. An apparatus for producing a constant rate data stream with bit integrity from a series of variable rate data frames and frame erasures comprising:

an adaptation layer in a protocol stack that receives said series of variable rate data frames and frame erasures, each frame having a frame length and a field length value, wherein, upon receipt of an erasure, said adaption layer outputs a fixed number of filler bits and, upon receipt of a first data frame received after said erasure, determines and outputs an erased frame length based on a first field length value and a first frame length corresponding to a first frame received after said erasure; and

a queue that produces said constant rate data stream, that receives said fixed number of filler bits and receives data corresponding to each frame of said series which is not erased, and that produces a total number of said fixed number of filler bits equal to said erased frame length on said constant rate bit stream.

15. An apparatus for providing a constant rate data stream with bit integrity from a series of variable rate frames wherein at least one frame of said series of variable rate frames may be an erasure comprising:

an adaptation layer in a protocol stack that receives said series of variable rate frames, each frame having a frame length and a frame length value, and where when a first frame is received as an erasure, a corresponding frame length and a corresponding frame length value is unknown, wherein said adaptation layer outputs frame data from each frame of said series of variable rate frames which is not received as said erasure and determines said corresponding frame length of said erasure;

a first queue that receives said frame data from said adaptation layer;

a fill generator that produces fill bits; and

a switch that connects an output constant rate bit stream to said first queue to transfer each frame of said series of variable rate frames which is not received as said erasure and that connects said output constant rate bit stream to said fill generator for a period of time necessary to transfer a series of bits having said corresponding frame length of said erasure at a time when data from said first frame would have been transferred if said first frame had not been received as said erasure, wherein said switch may connect said output constant bit stream to said fill generator before said adaptation layer determines said corresponding frame length.

16. An apparatus that provides synchronization and bit count integrity with minimum delay to a variable rate, frame based, non-error free data stream comprising:

means for receiving a first frame of data, said first frame of data comprising a first number of bits and a first field length value;

means for placing said first frame of data in a queue and moving a write pointer to indicate a queue position for a next received bit;

means for receiving an erasure indication in place of a second frame of data;

means for placing a first number of filler bits in said queue according to said write pointer and moving said write pointer to indicate a next bit after a last one of said first number of filler bits in said queue;

means for receiving a third frame of data, said third frame of data comprising a third number of bits and a third field length value;

means for calculating a second number of bits in said second frame of data based on said third number of bits, said first field length value and said third field length value; and

means for moving, if necessary, said write pointer to indicate a next bit after one of said first number of filler bits in said queue such that an actual number of filler bits equal to said second number of bits has been added to said queue.

17. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said first number of filler bits is equal to a maximum number of bits which may be received in any frame.

18. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said first number of filler bits is equal to an average number of bits per frame on said variable rate, frame based, non-error free data stream.

19. The apparatus of claim 18 further comprising means for placing a second number of filler bits in said queue and moving said write pointer to indicate a next bit after a last one of said second number of filler bits such that a total number of filler bits equal to said second number of bits has been added to said queue.

20. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said queue begins to produce a constant rate bit stream upon reception of an initial frame.

21. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said third field length value is equal to a modulo sum of said first field length value, said second number of bits and said third number of bits.