Cache memory system with reduced tag memory power consumption

• US 5,845,309 A
• Filed: 03/20/1996
• Issued: 12/01/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 03/27/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba (Toshiba Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba (Toshiba Corporation)
• Inventors: Kawasumi, Atsushi, Shirotori, Tsukasa
• Primary Examiner(s): Swann, Tod R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Thai, Tuan V.
• Application Number:
  US08/618,777
• Time in Patent Office: 986 Days
• Field of Search: 365/49, 365/189.07, 365/227, 365/230.03, 395/403, 395/445, 395/750.03, 395/750.05, 364/DIG. 1, 364/DIG. 2, 364/243.4, 364/243.41, 711/118, 711/136, 711/160
• US Class Current: 711/3
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/3225 of memory devices
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/3275 Power saving in memory, e.g. RAM, cache
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 12/0864 using pseudo-associative means, e.g. set-associative or hashing
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/1028 Power efficiency
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/6082 Way prediction in set-associative cache
• CPC Class Codes: Y02D 10/00 Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management

Abstract

A cache memory system has an address register for storing a tag address and an index address of data to be accessed, a plurality of data memories for storing data corresponding to said index address, a plurality of tag memories corresponding to said data memories for storing tag addresses relating to said data stored in said data memories, and tag comparators corresponding to said tag memories for comparing a tag address stored in said tag memories with the tag address stored in the address register and for determining whether a cache hit has occurred or a cache miss has occurred. A reference frequency information register stores information indicating a tag memory which has resulted in a cache hit. An access control circuit selects one of the tag memories and one of the comparators corresponding to the selected tag memory based on the information from the reference frequency information register. Only the selected tag memory and the selected tag comparator are operated in order to control a comparison operation of tag addresses and to reduce power consumption.

Claims

1. A cache memory system comprising:

an address register for storing a tag address and an index address of data to be accessed;

data memories of n-ways ("n" is an integer which is not less than two) for storing data corresponding to said index address;

tag memories of n-ways corresponding to said data memories for storing tag addresses relating to said data stored in said data memories;

n-tag comparators corresponding to said tag memories of n-ways, for comparing a tag address stored in said tag memories of n-ways with said tag address stored in said address register, and for determining whether a cache hit has occurred, where these tag addresses are the same, or a cache miss has occurred, where these tag addresses are different;

a reference frequency information register for storing information indicating the way of said tag memory which has resulted in said cache hit;

an access control circuit for selecting one of said tag memories of n-ways and one of said comparators corresponding to said selected tag memory based on said information from said reference frequency information register, for operating only said selected tag memory and the selected tag comparator, and for controlling a comparison operation between said tag address stored in said address register and a tag address in said selected tag memory, executed by said selected tag comparator, and when said comparison operation between said tag address stored in said address register and said tag address in said selected tag memory results in a cache miss, said tag memories and said tag comparators except for said selected tag memory and said selected tag comparator are operated thereafter;

wherein n is two in said n-way tag memories and said n-way data memories, and said reference frequency information resister is a Last Recently Used bit register for storing information relating to the way of said tag memory corresponding to said data memory to which data will be overwritten in a following data update operation; and

further comprising a reference mode control signal generation means for generating a reference mode control signal to control operation of said access control circuit, and wherein said access control circuit receives said reference mode control signal and said access control circuit switches between a first reference operation mode where one of said tag memories and one of said tag comparators are executed based on said information from said Last Recently Used bit register and a second reference operation mode where all of said tag memories and all of said tag comparators are executed at the same time.

2. A cache memory system as claimed in claim 1, wherein when said access control circuit receives information to indicate an occurrence of a cache miss in a first reference operation from said tag comparator used in said first reference operation, said access control circuit generates a control signal and transmits said control signal to all of said tag memories and all of said tag comparators other than said tag memory and said tag comparator which resulted in said cache miss in said first reference operation, and said all of said tag memories and said all of said tag comparators other than said tag memory and said tag comparator used in the first reference operation are operated at the same time in a following reference operation.

3. A cache memory system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a hit control circuit for receiving information relating to the occurrence of a cache miss from said tag comparator relating to the tag memory selected by said access control circuit, for generating a control signal indicating selection of another tag memory and another tag comparator which have not been selected by said access control circuit, and for transmitting the control signal to said access control circuit,

wherein said access control circuit receives the control signal transmitted from said hit control circuit and transmits to said another tag memory and said another tag comparator an instruction that said another tag memory and said another tag comparator be operated at the same time.

5. A cache memory system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a hit control circuit for receiving information relating to the occurrence of a cache miss operation from said tag comparator selected by said access control circuit, for generating a control signal indicating selection of other tag memories and other tag comparators which have not been selected by said access control circuit, and for transmitting the control signal to said access control circuit,

wherein said access control circuit receives the control signal transmitted from said hit control circuit and transmits to said other tag memories and said other tag comparators an instruction that said other tag memories and said other tag comparators be operated at the same time.

4. A cache memory system comprising:

an address register for storing a tag address and an index address of data to be accessed;

data memories of n-ways ("n" is an integer which is not less than two) for storing data corresponding to said index address;

tag memories of n-ways corresponding to said data memories for storing tag addresses relating to said data stored in said data memories;

n-tag comparators corresponding to said tag memories of n-ways, for comparing a tag address stored in said tag memories of n-ways with said tag address stored in said address register, and for determining whether a cache hit has occurred, where these tag addresses are the same, or a cache miss has occurred, where these tag addresses are different;

a reference frequency information register for storing information indicating the way of said tag memory which has resulted in said cache hit;

an access control circuit for selecting one of said tag memories of n-ways and one of said comparators corresponding to said selected tag memory based on said information from said reference frequency information register, for operating only said selected tag memory and the selected tag comparator, and for controlling a comparison operation between said tag address stored in said address register and a tag address in said selected tag memory, executed by said selected tag comparator, and when said comparison operation between said tag address stored in said address register and said tag address in said selected tag memory results in a cache miss, said tag memories and said tag comparators except for said selected tag memory and said selected tag comparator are operated thereafter;

wherein n is not less than three in said n-way tag memories and said n-way data memories, and said reference frequency information register is a Most Recently Used (MRU) bit register for storing information relating to the way of said tag memory corresponding to said data memory which was referred to recently in a reference operation for said tag address; and

further comprising a reference mode control signal generation means for generating a reference mode control signal to control operation of said access control circuit, and wherein said access control circuit receives said reference mode control signal and said access control circuit switches between a first reference operation mode where one of said tag memories and one of said tag comparators are executed based on said information from said MRU bit register and a second reference operation mode where all of said tag memories and all of said tag comparators are executed at the same time.