Highly specific surface for biological reactions having an exposed ethylenic double bond, process of using the surface, and method for assaying for a molecule using the surface
First Claim
1. A highly specific surface for biological reactions comprising a support having at a surface at least one compact layer of an organic compound having, outside the layer, an a nucleic acid in solution at a pH of less than 8, wherein the other elements of the layer are essentially inaccessible to the nucleic acid, and further wherein the surface has one end of a nucleic acid sequence directly attached thereto.
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Abstract
The present invention relates especially to a highly specific surface for biological reactions, characterized in that it contains a support having at the surface at least one essentially compact layer of an organic compound having, outside the layer, an exposed group containing an ethylenic double bond having affinity for one type of molecule with biological activity under certain reaction conditions, the other elements of the layer being essentially inaccessible for the said molecules under the said reaction conditions.
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Citations
66 Claims
- 1. A highly specific surface for biological reactions comprising a support having at a surface at least one compact layer of an organic compound having, outside the layer, an a nucleic acid in solution at a pH of less than 8, wherein the other elements of the layer are essentially inaccessible to the nucleic acid, and further wherein the surface has one end of a nucleic acid sequence directly attached thereto.
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20. A process for preparing a highly specific surface for biological reactions comprising:
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(A) providing a substantially monomolecular and essentially compact layer of an organic compound having at least; (1) an attachment group having an affinity for the support, and (2) an exposed group containing an ethylenic double bond having no or little affinity for the support and the attachment group; and (B) directly attaching one end of a nucleic acid to the exposed group at a pH of less than 8. - View Dependent Claims (21, 22, 23)
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24. A process for assaying a biological molecule in a sample, comprising:
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(A) providing a highly specific surface having at least one essentially compact layer of an organic compound having, outside the layer, an exposed group containing an ethylenic double bond having affinity for one end of a nucleic acid at a pH of less than 8, the other elements of the layer being inaccessible to the nucleic acid; (B) contacting a sample potentially containing the biological molecule with the highly specific surface containing the nucleic acid directly attached thereto; and (C) binding the biological molecule to the nucleic acid. - View Dependent Claims (25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 48, 49)
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31. A process for the mapping of genes comprising:
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(A) providing a highly specific surface having at least one compact layer of an organic compound having, outside the layer, an exposed group containing an ethylenic double bond directly attached to one end of a nucleic acid, the other elements of the layer being inaccessible to the nucleic acid; (B) contacting the attached nucleic acid with a sample containing a biological molecule, where the biological molecule is a second nucleotide sequence complementary to the attached nucleic acid; (C) hybridizing the attached nucleic acid with the second nucleotide sequence; and (D) detecting the presence of hybridization between the attached nucleic acid and the second nucleotide sequence. - View Dependent Claims (47)
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34. A process for directly attaching an end of a nucleic acid to a surface comprising:
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(A) providing a highly specific surface having at least one compact layer of an organic compound having, outside the layer, an exposed group containing an ethylenic double bond having affinity for one end of a nucleic acid, the other elements of the layer being inaccessible to the nucleic acid; and (B) directly absorbing the nucleic acid to the double bonds by contacting one end of the nucleic acid with the surface at a determined pH region.
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35. A process for directly attaching a nucleic acid on a surface comprising:
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(A) providing a highly specific surface having at least one compact layer of an organic compound having, outside the layer, an exposed group containing an ethylenic double bond having affinity for one end of a nucleic acid, the other elements of the layer being inaccessible to the nucleic acid; and (B) directly absorbing the nucleic acid to the double bonds by contacting one end of the nucleic acid with the surface at a pH of less than 8. - View Dependent Claims (36)
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50. A process for preparing a highly specific surface for biological reactions comprising:
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(A) providing a substantially monomolecular and essentially compact layer of an organic compound having at least; (1) attachment groups having an affinity for a support, and (2) exposed groups containing ethylenic double bonds having no or little affinity for the support and the attachment groups; and (B) attaching a linear strand of a nucleic acid to the exposed groups at a pH of less than 8. - View Dependent Claims (51, 52, 53)
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54. A process for assaying a biological molecule in a sample, comprising:
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(A) providing a highly specific surface having at least one essentially compact layer of an organic compound having, outside the layer, exposed groups containing ethylenic double bonds having affinity for a linear strand of a nucleic acid at a pH of less than 8, the other elements of the layer being essentially inaccessible to the nucleic acid; (B) contacting a sample potentially containing a biological molecule with the highly specific surface having the linear strand of nucleic acid directly attached thereto; and (C) binding the biological molecule to the attached nucleic acid. - View Dependent Claims (55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 63, 64)
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60. A process for mapping a gene comprising:
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(A) providing a highly specific surface having at least one essentially compact layer of an organic compound having, outside the layer, exposed groups containing ethylenic double bonds attached to a linear strand of a nucleic acid, the other elements of the layer being essentially inaccessible to the nucleic acid; (B) contacting the attached nucleic acid with a sample containing a biological molecule, where the biological molecule is a second nucleotide sequence complementary to the attached nucleic acid; (C) hybridizing the attached nucleic acid with the second nucleotide sequence; and (D) detecting the presence of hybridization between the attached nucleic acid and the second nucleotide sequence; wherein the nucleic acid is directly attached to the surface. - View Dependent Claims (62)
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65. A process for attaching a nucleic acid on a surface comprising:
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(A) providing a highly specific surface having at least one essentially compact layer of an organic compound having, outside the layer, exposed groups containing ethylenic double bonds having affinity for a linear strand of a nucleic acid at a pH of less than 8, the other elements of the layer being essentially inaccessible to the nucleic acid; and (B) absorbing the nucleic acid directly to the surface by contacting the nucleic acid with the surface at a pH of less than 8. - View Dependent Claims (66)
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Specification