Cellular/satellite communications system with improved frequency re-use

• US 5,848,060 A
• Filed: 08/21/1995
• Issued: 12/08/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 01/11/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Ericsson, Inc. (Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson)
• Original Assignee: Ericsson, Inc. (Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson)
• Inventors: Dent, Paul W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Pham, Chi H.
• Assistant Examiner(s): NGO, RICKY QUOC
• Application Number:
  US08/517,355
• Time in Patent Office: 1,205 Days
• Field of Search: 370/20, 370/24, 370/26, 370/29, 370/75, 370/97, 370/49.5, 370/70, 370/104.1, 370/281, 370/295, 370/315, 370/316, 370/317, 370/325, 370/532, 379/58, 379/59, 375/201, 375/261, 375/298, 375/295, 455/7, 455/11.1, 455/12.1, 455/13.3, 455/17, 455/20, 455/13.1, 342/350, 342/352
• US Class Current: 370/281
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/246 specially adapted for base stations
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/288 Satellite antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/08 the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path waveguide fed H01Q21/0037
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/28 Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems multiple beam H01Q25/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 25/00 Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern H01Q3/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 25/007 using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device for operation on different wavebands H01Q5/22
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0837 using pre-detection combining H04B7/0868 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0851 using training sequences or error signal minimizing error signal H04B7/0854
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/10 Polarisation diversity; Directional diversity
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/18513 Transmission in a satellite or space-based system
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/18515 Transmission equipment in satellites or space-based relays
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/18532 Arrangements for managing transmission, i.e. for transporting data or a signalling message
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/18567 Arrangements for providing additional services to the basic mobile satellite telephony service
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/2041 Spot beam multiple access
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/2046 SS-TDMA, TDMA satellite switching
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/007 Unequal error protection for format H04L1/0078; for codes per se H03M13/35
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/0204 of multiple channels
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/021 Estimation of channel covariance
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/03203 Trellis search techniques
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/0328 with interference cancellation circuitry adaptations for interference cancellation within a sequence estimator H04L25/03305; interference related aspects of direct sequence spread spectrum H04B1/7097; interference related aspects of frequency hopping spread spectrum H04B1/715; see also H04B1/10
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/03299 : with noise-whitening circuitry
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/03331 : Arrangements for the joint estimation of multiple sequences
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 16/02 : Resource partitioning among network components, e.g. reuse partitioning
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 16/14 : Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 74/08 : Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA hybrid access H04W74/02
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/025 : with acknowledge back capability
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/042 : Public Land Mobile systems, e.g. cellular systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/06 : Airborne or Satellite Networks space-based or airborne stations H04B7/185

Abstract

A satellite communications system employs a multiple element antenna for receiving signals on a first frequency band and relaying the signals to a ground station on a second frequency band. The system includes a downconvertor for converting signals received at each of the multiple antenna elements on the first frequency band to corresponding baseband signals, and a multiplexor for time-division multiplexing the corresponding baseband signals to form a multiplexed sample stream. The system also includes a modulator for modulating a carrier in the second frequency band with the multiplexed sample stream and transmitting the modulated carrier to the ground station. In exemplary embodiments, the downconvertor comprise a quadrature downconvertor producing an I and a Q baseband signal. The satellite relays signals received from the ground station using a demultiplexor in a similar manner.

Claims

1. A satellite communications system employing a multiple element antenna receiving signals on a first frequency band and relaying said signals to a ground station on a second frequency band including:

downconverting means for converting signals received at each of said multiple antenna elements on said first frequency band to corresponding baseband signals;

multiplexing means for directly receiving and time-division multiplexing said corresponding baseband signals to form a multiplexed sample stream; and

modulator means for modulating a carrier in said second frequency band with said multiplexed sample stream and transmitting said modulated carrier to said ground station;

wherein said downconverting means comprise quadrature downconverting means producing an I and a Q baseband signals.

2. The system as in claim 1, in which said multiplexing means comprises an I-signal multiplexing means and a Q-signal multiplexing means.

3. The system as in claim 1, in which said modulator means comprises a quadrature modulator means in which an I signal and a Q signal are impressed on respective carrier signals of nominally 90 degrees phase difference.

4. The system of claim 1, in which said multiplexing means comprises analog to digital conversion of said I and Q baseband signals and digital multiplexing of the resultant digital streams to form I and Q bitstreams.

5. The system of claim 4, in which said modulator means comprises a digital modulator means in which said multiplexed I and Q bit streams digitally modulate respective quadrature carriers at said second frequency.

6. The system of claims 1, in which said corresponding baseband signals are representative of the instantaneous phase and amplitude respectively of said antenna signals relative to common phase and amplitude references.

33. The communications system of claim 1, wherein said satellite multiplexing means forms a singular multiplexed sample stream which combines all of the signals received by said multiple antenna elements.

7. A satellite communications system for relaying signals received from a ground station on a second frequency band by transmitting said signals on a first frequency band using a multiplicity of antenna elements, including:

downconverting means for converting signals received at said second frequency to a corresponding baseband signal;

demultiplexing means for time-division demultiplexing said corresponding baseband signal to obtain separate sample streams;

separate modulator means corresponding to each of said separate sample streams for directly receiving said separate sample streams and for modulating a carrier at said first frequency band with said separate sample streams to generate corresponding modulated signals;

transmit amplifier means for amplifying said modulated signals and transmitting said modulated signals using said multiple antenna elements;

wherein said downconverting means comprises a quadrature downconverting means producing an I and a Q baseband signal.

8. The system as in claim 7, in which said demultiplexing means comprises an I-signal demultiplexing means and a Q-signal demultiplexing means and said separate sample streams comprise I and Q sample streams.

9. The system as in claim 8, in which said separate modulator means includes a quadrature modulator means in which an I sample stream and a Q sample stream are impressed on respective carrier signals having nominally 90 degrees phase difference.

10. The system of claim 7, in which said demultiplexing means is a digital demultiplexing means producing separate I and Q bitstreams.

11. The system of claim 10, in which said separate I and Q bitstreams are analog to digital converted and filtered to form corresponding I and Q analog waveforms.

12. The system of claim 11, in which said I and Q waveforms each modulate a carrier at said first frequency using respective quadrature modulators to generate said corresponding modulated signals.

13. The system of claim 7, in which said corresponding baseband signal includes an amplitude-corresponding signal and a phase-corresponding signal.

34. The communications system of claim 7, wherein said satellite demultiplexing means receives a singular multiplexed sample stream.

15. A bidirectional satellite communications system comprising:

a satellite including;

a multiple element antenna having multiple antenna elements for receiving signals on a first frequency band and relaying said signals to a ground station on a second frequency band;

downconverting means for converting signals received at each of said multiple antenna elements on said first frequency band to corresponding baseband signals;

multiplexing means for directly receiving and time-division multiplexing said corresponding baseband signals to form a multiplexed sample stream; and

modulator means for modulating a carrier in said second frequency band with said multiplexed sample stream and transmitting said modulated carrier to said ground station and

a ground station including;

downconverting means for converting signals received at said second frequency to a corresponding baseband signal;

demultiplexing means, for time-division demultiplexing said corresponding baseband signal to obtain separate sample streams;

modulator means for modulating a carrier with signals to generate corresponding modulated signals;

transmit amplifier means for amplifying said modulated signals and transmitting said signals to said satellite; and

wherein said multiplexing means and said demultiplexing means are synchronized.

14. The system of claim 17, in which said separate modulator means comprise an amplitude modulator and a phase modulator.

16. The system of claim 15, in which said ground station further comprises:

means for synchronizing said demultiplexing means to a time multiplexed signal received from said satellite on said second frequency band and synchronizing a second multiplexing means for transmission of a time multiplexed signal to said satellite based on propagation delay so that said transmitted signal will arrive in synchronism with a second demultiplexing means on board said satellite.

17. The system of claim 16, in which said ground station synchronizes said ground station demultiplexing means using pilot samples transmitted by said satellite in the multiplexed sample stream.

18. The system according to claim 17, in which said pilot symbols include the null symbol (0,0).

19. The system according to claim 17, in which said pilot symbols are used at said ground station to assist in synchronizing said ground station demultiplexer.

20. The system according to claim 17, in which said pilot symbols are used at said ground station to correct for transmission or modulation errors.

21. The system according to claim 15, in which said ground station includes an equalizer for reducing intersample interference arising in the transmission of said multiplexed sample stream.

22. The system of claim 15, in which said ground station includes a pre-equalizer to reduce intersample interference arising in the transmission of said signals from said ground station to said satellite in said second frequency band.

35. The communications system of claim 15, wherein said satellite multiplexing means forms a singular multiplexed sample stream which combines all of the signals received by said multiple antenna elements.

23. A satellite communications system employing a multiple element antenna receiving signals on a first frequency band and relaying said signals to a ground station on a second frequency band including:

downconverting means for converting signals received at each of said multiple antenna elements on said first frequency band to corresponding baseband signals;

multiplexing means for directly receiving and time-division multiplexing said corresponding baseband signals to form a multiplexed sample stream; and

modulator means for modulating a carrier in said second frequency band with said multiplexed sample stream and transmitting said modulated carrier to said ground station;

wherein said multiplexing means comprises an I-signal multiplexing means and a Q-signal multiplexing means.

36. The communications system of claim 23, wherein said satellite multiplexing means forms a singular multiplexed sample stream which combines all of the signals received by said multiple antenna elements.

24. A satellite communications system employing a multiple element antenna receiving signals on a first frequency band and relaying said signals to a ground station on a second frequency band including:

downconverting means for converting signals received at each of said multiple antenna elements on said first frequency band to corresponding baseband signals;

multiplexing means for directly receiving and time-division multiplexing said corresponding baseband signals to form a multiplexed sample stream; and

modulator means for modulating a carrier in said second frequency band with said multiplexed sample stream and transmitting said modulated carrier to said ground station;

wherein said modulator means comprises a quadrature modulator means in which an I signal and a Q signal are impressed on respective carrier signals of nominally 90 degrees phase difference.

37. The communications system of claim 24, wherein said satellite multiplexing means forms a singular multiplexed sample stream which combines all of the signals received by said multiple antenna elements.

25. A satellite communications system for relaying signals received from a ground station on a second frequency band by transmitting said signals on a first frequency band using a multiplicity of antenna elements, including:

downconverting means for converting signals received at said second frequency to a corresponding baseband signal;

demultiplexing means for time-division demultiplexing said corresponding baseband signal to obtain separate sample streams;

separate modulator means corresponding to each of said separate sample streams for directly receiving said separate sample streams and for modulating a carrier at said first frequency band with said separate sample streams to generate corresponding modulated signals;

transmit amplifier means for amplifying said modulated signals and transmitting said modulated signals using said multiple antenna elements;

wherein said demultiplexing means comprises an I-signal demultiplexing means and a Q-signal demultiplexing means and said separate sample streams comprise I and Q sample streams.

38. The communications system of claim 25, wherein said satellite demultiplexing means receives a singular multiplexed sample stream.

26. A communications system employing a satellite having a multiple element antenna having multiple antenna elements for receiving signals on a first frequency band and relaying said signals to a ground station on a second frequency band including:

satellite downconverting means for converting signals received at each of said multiple antenna elements on said first frequency band to corresponding baseband signals;

satellite multiplexing means for directly receiving and time-division multiplexing said corresponding baseband signals to form a multiplexed sample stream;

satellite modulator means for modulating a carrier in said second frequency band with said multiplexed sample stream and transmitting said modulated carrier to said ground station;

ground station receiving means for receiving said multiplexed sample stream from said satellite modulator means;

ground station demultiplexing means for time-division demultiplexing said multiplexed sample stream to form separate sample streams; and

ground station routing means for routing said separate sample streams to appropriate destination terminals.

27. The communication system of claim 26, wherein said satellite multiplexing means further comprises means for multiplexing a reference signal for transmission to said ground station, for use by said ground station demultiplexing means in synchronizing its operation to said satellite multiplexing means.

28. The communications system of claim 27, wherein said reference signal comprises a complex analog reference sample.

29. The communication system of claim 26, wherein said satellite multiplexing means forms a singular multiplexed sample stream which combines all of the signals received by said multiple antenna elements.

30. The communication system of claim 26, wherein said baseband signals are fed from said satellite downconverting means directly to said satellite multiplexing means.

31. The communication system of claim 26, wherein said satellite multiplexing means comprises plural multiplexers for forming plural multiplexed sample streams, wherein each multiplexed sample stream corresponds to a separate frequency-division-multiplexed carrier received by said multiple antenna elements.

32. A satellite communications system employing a multiple element antenna receiving signals on a first frequency band and relaying said signals to a ground station on a second frequency band including:

downconverting means for converting signals received at each of said multiple antenna elements on said first frequency band to corresponding baseband signals;

multiplexing means for directly receiving and time-division multiplexing said corresponding baseband signals to form a multiplexed sample stream;

modulator means for modulating a carrier in said second frequency band with said multiplexed sample stream and transmitting said modulated carrier to said ground station; and

a time-division demultiplexing means for processing time-division multiplexed signals received from said ground station, wherein said demultiplexing means and said multiplexing means use a same clock.

39. The communications system of claim 32, wherein said satellite multiplexing means forms a singular multiplexed sample stream which combines all of the signals received by said multiple antenna elements.