Hydraulically refueled battery employing a packed bed metal particle electrode

• US 5,849,427 A
• Filed: 03/17/1997
• Issued: 12/15/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 12/02/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Lawrence Livermore National Security LLC (Government of the United States of America)
• Original Assignee: Lawrence Livermore National Security LLC (Government of the United States of America)
• Inventors: Evans, James W., Siu, Stanley C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Skapars, Anthony
• Application Number:
  US08/819,653
• Time in Patent Office: 638 Days
• Field of Search: 429/27, 429/15, 429/17, 429/19, 429/101, 429/105
• US Class Current: 429/404
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 12/06 with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/673 Containers for storing liquids; Delivery conduits therefor
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A secondary zinc air cell, or another selected metal air cell, employing a spouted/packed metal particle bed and an air electrode. More specifically, two embodiments of a cell, one that is capable of being hydraulically recharged, and a second that is capable of being either hydraulically or electrically recharged. Additionally, each cell includes a sloped bottom portion to cause stirring of the electrolyte/metal particulate slurry when the cell is being hydraulically emptied and refilled during hydraulically recharging of the cell.

Claims

1. A hydraulically rechargeable metal air battery to be selectively filled with metal particles and an electrolyte, said battery comprising:

a cell casing including a separating membrane to divide said cell casing into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber;

said anode chamber having a top, a pair of vertical side walls, a pair of end walls with one of said end walls adjacent said separating membrane, and a sloping bottom portion defining an interior space therebetween, said anode chamber disposed to receive electrolyte therewithin and including;

a pair of chemically inert side panels, each of said side panels spaced apart from a different one of said pair of vertical side walls of said anode chamber, a bottom end of each of said side walls spaced apart from said sloping bottom portion of said anode chamber, and a top end of each of said side panels, along a selected length thereof, defining a grating having holes of a selected size therethrough;

a chemically inert bottom grating connecting the bottom end of each of said pair of side panels having holes of a selected size therethrough;

wherein;

said pair of side panels and said bottom grating define side and bottom channels between themselves and said pair of vertical walls and bottom portion of said anode chamber;

a central particulate region defined between said pair of side panels, above said bottom grating and below said gating in said top end of each of said pair of said panels, said central particulate region disposed to receive said metal particulate; and

said selected size of said holes in said side panels and in said bottom grating being selected to be smaller than the smallest particle size of said metal particles to prevent said particles from passing therethrough;

a first inlet/outlet conduit through said top of said anode chamber in direct communication with said central particulate region therewithin;

a second inlet/outlet conduit in said anode chamber in direct communication with said bottom channel;

a current collector/feeder adjacent said central particulate region and one of said end walls;

said cathode chamber defining an interior space having a top, a pair of vertical side walls, a pair of end walls with one of said end walls adjacent said separating membrane, and a bottom, said cathode chamber including;

an air electrode adjacent said end wall adjacent said separating membrane;

an air flow chamber;

an air inlet port opening into said air flow chamber; and

an air outlet port opening from said air flow chamber;

wherein said air inlet and outlet ports are spaced apart for each other to maximize the air flow distance therebetween within said air flow chamber.

2. A hydraulically rechargeable metal air battery as recited in claim 1 further including a pump coupleable to one of said first and second inlet/outlet conduits to circulate the electrolyte through said anode chamber during emptying and refueling operations.

3. A hydraulically rechargeable metal air battery as recited in claim 1 wherein the slope of said bottom portion of said anode chamber is between 30°

and 70°

to horizontal.

4. A hydraulically rechargeable metal air battery as recited in claim 3 wherein said bottom grating is substantially parallel to said bottom portion.

5. A hydraulically rechargeable metal air battery as recited in claim 1 wherein said metal particles contain zinc.

6. A hydraulically rechargeable metal air battery as recited in claim 1 wherein said metal particles contain a metal that is capable of reaching a stable surface oxide in air or water, that forms an aqueous solution of a metal salt of that metal, and that has a negative standard electrode potential.

7. A hydraulically rechargeable metal air battery as recited in claim 1 wherein said metal particles have a non-reactive core with a metal coating the exterior of said core.

8. A hydraulically rechargeable metal air battery as recited in claim 1 further includes a pair of flow restrictors of a solid material each having an upper and a lower face, one flow restrictor for each of said side channels, and each flow restrictor being of a chemically inert material that is sized and shaped to substantially extend between said vertical side wall, said side panel, and said pair of end walls to fit within said side channel, said flow restrictor having a selected height between said upper and lower faces that is at least equal to said selected length of said grating in said side panel and less than a height of said side channel through which said flow restrictor can move without extending into said bottom channel, said flow restrictor defining at least one passage therethrough between said upper and lower faces;

wherein said flow restrictor permits flow through said side channel via said at least one passage therethrough when said upper face of said flow restrictor is spaced apart from the top of said side channel and blocks flow through said side channel when said upper face of said flow restrictor is above the upper extend of said grating in said side panel, said flow restrictor having a weight and a solid area of said lower face that are selected to permit a selected pressure exerted on said lower face by an upper flowing electrolyte in said side channel to push said flow restrictor to the top of said side channel.

9. A hydraulically rechargeable metal air battery as recited in claim 1:

wherein each side channel includes a downward sloping portion in one of said vertical side wall and said side panel that defines said side channel;

said sloping portion having a selected length, and an upper and a lower transition point with respect to other portions of said one of said vertical side wall and said side panel in which said slopping portion is formed;

in the other one of said vertical side wall and said side panel opposite said slopping portion defines a stop that protrudes into said side channel at a point below a lowest extent of said grating in said side panel and above said bottom channel; and

further includes a pair of flow restrictor flaps of a solid, chemically inert material, one flow restrictor flap located within each of said side channels, and each flow restrictor flap having an upper and a lower face that is sized and shaped to substantially extend between said pair of end walls, and to extend between corresponding ones of said side walls and said side panels when said flow restrictor flap is closed;

one edge of each of said flow restrictor flaps is flexibly coupled at said upper transition point of said slopping portion with a selected length of said flow restrictor flap extending beyond said lower transition point of said slopping portion when said lower face of said flow restrictor flap is in contact with said slopping portion;

wherein each of said flow restrictor flaps restricts flow through said side channel when another edge of said flow restrictor flap is in contact with said stop, said another edge is opposite said one edge of said flow restrictor flap; and

to otherwise permit flow through said side channel;

each of said flow restrictor flaps having a weight and said selected length that are selected to permit a selected pressure exerted on said lower face of said selected length of said flow restrictor flap by an upper flowing electrolyte in said side channel to push said flow restrictor flap upward to bring said another edge into contact with said stop to restrict flow through said side channel.