Polymer blend electrolyte system and electrochemical cell using same

• US 5,849,433 A
• Filed: 03/10/1997
• Issued: 12/15/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 03/10/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Amperex Technology Limited (TDK Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Thomas, Simon, Moore, John, Anani, Anaba A., Venugopal, Ganesh
• Primary Examiner(s): KALAFUT, STEPHEN J
• Application Number:
  US08/813,398
• Time in Patent Office: 645 Days
• Field of Search: 429/190, 429/192
• US Class Current: 429/303
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/052 Li-accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0565 Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0566 Liquid materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/621 Binders
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/22 Immobilising of electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

An electrochemical cell (10) includes first and second electrodes (12) and (14) with an electrolyte system (26) disposed therebetween. The electrolyte system is fabricated of a blend of differing grades of a single polymer. One grade may be provided to, for example, absorb an electrolyte active species, while the second grade may be provided to enhance mechanical integrity of the system.

Claims

1. A polymer gel electrolyte system for use in an electrochemical cell comprising a polymer blend gel electrolyte support structure fabricated of a blend of at least first and second different grades of a single polymer material.

2. An electrolyte system as in claim 1, wherein said first and second grades having differing physical characteristics.

3. An electrolyte system as in claim 1, wherein said first and second grades have differing degrees of porosity.

4. An electrolyte system as in claim 1, wherein said first and second grades have differing degrees of crystallinity.

5. An electrolyte system as in claim 1, wherein said polymer material is selected from the group consisting of poly(vinylidene fluoride), polypropylene, polyethylene, poly (hexafluoro propylene), polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethyleneterephthalate, polystyrene, ethylene propylene diene monomer, nylon, polyurethane, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, polymethylacrylate, polyacrylamide, polyvinylacetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polytetraethylene glycol diacrylate, copolymers of any of the foregoing, and combinations thereof.

6. An electrolyte system as in claim 1, wherein said first grade is fabricated of at least about 40 weight % crystalline polyvinylidene fluoride and said second grade is fabricated of less than about 40 weight % crystalline polyvinylidene fluoride.

7. An electrolyte system as in claim 1, further including an electrolyte active species dispersed through polymer gel blend support structure.

8. An electrolyte system as in claim 7, wherein said electrolyte active species comprises an electrolyte salt dispersed in an organic solvent.

9. An electrolyte system as in claim 8, wherein said organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, dipropylcarbonate, dimethylsulfoxide, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, nmethyl-2-pyrrolidone, and combinations thereof.

10. An electrolyte system as in claim 9, wherein the anions of said electrolyte salt is selected from the group consisting of Cl^-, Br^-, I^-, ClO₄^-, BF₄^-, PF₆^-, ASF₆^-, SbF₆^-, CH₃ CO₂^-, CF₃ SO₃^-, N(CF₃ SO₂)₂^-, C(CF₃ SO₂)₂^- and combinations thereof.

11. An electrolyte system as in claim 1, further including a filler material dispersed in said polymer gel blend support structure.

12. An electrolyte system as in claim 11, wherein said filler material is selected from the group consisting of hollow glass microspheres, amorphous silica, alumina, calcium carbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polystyrene, polyethyleneterephthalate, ethylene propylene diene monomer, nylon, hollow plastic microspheres, and combinations thereof.

13. An electrolyte system as in claim 11, wherein said filler material is a flame retarding filler material.

14. An electrochemical cell, comprising:

an anode;

a cathode; and

an electrolyte system comprising a polymer blend gel electrolyte support structure fabricated of a blend of at least first and second different grades of a single polymer material, and having dispersed therein an electrolyte active species.

15. An electrochemical cell as in claim 14, wherein said electrolyte active species comprises an electrolyte salt dispersed in an organic solvent.

16. An electrochemical cell as in claim 15, wherein said organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, dipropylcarbonate, dimethylsulfoxide, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and combinations thereof.

17. An electrochemical cell as in claim 15, wherein the anions of said electrolyte salt is selected from the group consisting of Cl^-, Br^-, I^-, ClO₄^-, BF₄^-, PF₆^-, ASF₆^-, SbF₆^-, CH₃ CO₂^-, CF₃ SO₃^-, N(CF₃ SO₂)₂^-, C(CF₃ SO₂)₂^- and combinations thereof.

18. An electrochemical cell as in claim 14, wherein said anode is fabricated of a carbon based material.

19. An electrochemical cell as in claim 14, wherein said cathode is fabricated of a lithiated transition metal oxide.

20. An electrochemical cell as in claim 14, wherein said polymer material is fabricated of a material selected from the group consisting of poly (vinylidene fluoride), polyurethane, polyethylene oxide, poly (hexafluoro propylene), polyacrylonitrile, polymethylacrylate, polyacrylamide, polyvinylacetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polytetraethylene glycol diacrylate, polypropylene, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethyleneterephthalate, polystyrene, ethylene propylene diene monomer, nylon, copolymers of any of the foregoing, and combinations thereof.

21. An electrochemical cell as in claim 14, wherein said first grade of said polymer material is fabricated of polyvinylidene fluoride which is at least about 40 weight % crystalline, and said second grade of said polymer is fabricated of poly (vinylidene fluoride) which is less than about 40 weight % crystalline.

22. An electrochemical cell as in claim 14, further including a filler material dispersed in said polymer gel blend support structure.

23. An electrochemical cell as in claim 22, wherein said filler material is selected from the group consisting of hollow glass microspheres, amorphous silica, alumina, calcium carbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polystyrene, polyethyleneterephthalate, ethylene propylene diene monomer, nylon, hollow plastic microspheres, and combinations thereof.

24. An electrolyte system as in claim 23, wherein said filler material is a flame retarding filler material.

25. A polymer gel electrolyte system for use in an electrochemiocal cell comprising a polymer blend gel electrolyte support structure fabricated of a blend of at least first and second different grades of a single polymer material, said first and second grades having differing physical characteristics, said polymer gel electrolyte support structure having an electrolyte active species dispersed therein.

26. An electrolyte system as in claim 25, wherein said first and second grades have differing degrees of crystallinity.

27. An electrolyte system as in claim 26, wherein said polymer material is selected from the group consisting of poly(vinylidene fluoride), polypropylene, polyethylene, poly(hexafluoro propylene), polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethyleneterephthalate, polystyrene, ethylene propylene diene monomer, nylon, polyurethane, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, polymethylacrylate, polyacrylamide, polyvinylacetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polytetraethylene glycol diacrylate, copolymers of any of the foregoing, and combinations thereof.

28. An electrolyte system as in claim 25, wherein said first grade is fabricated of at least about 40 weight % crystalline polyvinylidene fluoride and said second grade is fabricated of less than about 40 weight % crystalline polyvinylidene fluoride.

29. An electrolyte system as in claim 25, further including a filler material dispersed in said polymer gel blend support structure.

30. An electrolyte system as in claim 29, wherein said filler material is a flame retarding filler material.