Immersive video, including video hypermosaicing to generate from multiple video views of a scene a three-dimensional video mosaic from which diverse virtual video scene images are synthesized, including panoramic, scene interactive and stereoscopic images

• US 5,850,352 A
• Filed: 11/06/1995
• Issued: 12/15/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 03/31/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Regents of the University of California (University of California)
• Original Assignee: Regents of the University of California (University of California)
• Inventors: Jain, Ramesh, Katkere, Arun, Moezzi, Saied
• Primary Examiner(s): Voeltz, Emanuel T.
• Assistant Examiner(s): PEESO, THOMAS R
• Application Number:
  US08/554,848
• Time in Patent Office: 1,135 Days
• Field of Search: 364/514 A, 364/410, 348/13, 348/19, 348/42, 348/51, 348/48, 273/433, 273/441, 395/119, 395/125, 395/155, 395/129, 395/162
• US Class Current: 345/419
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/32014 Augmented reality assists operator in maintenance, repair, programming, assembly, use of head mounted display with 2-D 3-D display and voice feedback, voice and gesture command
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 15/10 Geometric effects
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2207/10012 Stereo images
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2207/10021 Stereoscopic video; Stereoscopic image sequence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/117 the virtual viewpoint locations being selected by the viewers or determined by viewer tracking
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/139 Format conversion, e.g. of frame-rate or size
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/156 Mixing image signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/167 Synchronising or controlling image signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/189 Recording image signals; Reproducing recorded image signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/194 Transmission of image signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/243 using three or more 2D image sensors
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/246 Calibration of cameras
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/257 Colour aspects
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/279 the virtual viewpoint locations being selected by the viewers or determined by tracking
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/289 Switching between monoscopic and stereoscopic modes
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/296 Synchronisation thereof; Control thereof
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/334 using spectral multiplexing
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/337 using polarisation multiplexing
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/341 using temporal multiplexing
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/344 with head-mounted left-right displays
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/363 : using image projection screens volumetric display H04N13/388
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/597 : specially adapted for multi-view video sequence encoding
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2013/0081 : Depth or disparity estimation from stereoscopic image signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2013/0085 : Motion estimation from stereoscopic image signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2013/0092 : Image segmentation from stereoscopic image signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2013/0096 : Synchronisation or controlling aspects
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/222 : Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors, or control thereof H04N23/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/2627 : for providing spin image effect, 3D stop motion effect or temporal freeze effect 2D image animation in general G06T13/80

Abstract

Immersive video, or television, images of a real-world scene are synthesized, including on demand and/or in real time, as are linked to any of a particular perspective on the scene, or an object or event in the scene. Synthesis is in accordance with user-specified parameters of presentation, including presentations that are any of panoramic, magnified, stereoscopic, or possessed of motional parallax. The image synthesis is based on computerized video processing--called "hypermosaicing"--of multiple video perspectives on the scene. In hypermosaicing a knowledge database contains information about the scene; for example scene geometry, shapes and behaviors of objects in the scene, and/or internal and/or external camera calibration models. Multiple video cameras each at a different spatial location produce multiple two-dimensional video images of the scene. A viewer/user specifies viewing criterion (ia) at a viewer interface. A computer, typically one or more engineering work station class computers or better, includes in software and/or hardware (i) a video data analyzer for detecting and for tracking scene objects and their locations, (ii) an environmental model builder combining multiple scene images to build a 3D dynamic model recording scene objects and their instant spatial locations, (iii) a viewer criterion interpreter, and (iv) a visualizer for generating from the 3D model in accordance with the viewing criterion one or more selectively synthesized 2D video image(s) of the scene.

Claims

1. A method of telepresence, being a video representation of being at real-world scene that is other than the instant scene of the viewer, the method comprising:

capturing video of a real-world scene from each of a multiplicity of different spatial perspectives on the scene;

predetermining a fixed framework of the scene as to the boundaries of the scene and selected fixed points of reference within the scene, the fixed framework and fixed reference points potentially but not necessarily coinciding with landmark objects in the scene if, indeed, any such landmark objects even exist;

creating from the captured video in consideration of the predetermined fixed framework a full three-dimensional model of the scene, the three-dimensional model being distinguished in that three-dimension occurrences in the scene are incorporated into the model regardless of that they should not have been pre-identified to the model;

producing from the three-dimensional model a video representation on the scene that is in accordance with the desired perspective on the scene of a viewer of the scene, thus immersive telepresence because the viewer can view the scene as if immersed therein, and as if present at the scene, all in accordance with his/her desires;

wherein the representation is called immersive telepresence because it appears to the viewer that, since the scene is presented as the viewer desires, the viewer is immersed in the scene;

wherein the viewer-desired perspective on the scene, and the video representation in accordance with this viewer-desired perspective, need not be in accordance with any of the captured video.

2. The method of immersive telepresence according to claim 1

wherein the video representation is stereoscopic;

wherein stereoscopy is, normally and conventionally, a three-dimensional effect where each of the viewer'"'"'s two eyes sees a slightly different view on the scene, making the viewer'"'"'s brain to comprehend that the viewed scene is three-dimensional even should the viewer not move his/her head or eyes in spatial position.

3. A method of immersive telepresence, being a video representation of being at real-world scene that is other than the instant scene of the viewer, the method comprising:

capturing video of a real-world scene from each of a multiplicity of different spatial perspectives on the scene;

creating from the captured video a full three-dimensional model of the scene;

producing from the three-dimensional model a video representation on the scene that is in accordance with the desired perspective on the scene of a viewer of the scene, thus immersive telepresence because the viewer can view the scene as if immersed therein, and as if present at the scene, all in accordance with his/her desires;

wherein the representation is called immersive telepresence because it appears to the viewer that, since the scene is presented as the viewer desires, the viewer is immersed in the scene;

wherein the viewer-desired perspective on the scene, and the video representation in accordance with this viewer-desired perspective, need not be in accordance with any of the captured video;

wherein the video representation is in accordance with the position and direction of the viewer'"'"'s eyes and head, and exhibits motional parallax;

wherein motional parallax is, normally and conventionally, a three-dimensional effect where different views on the scene are produced as the viewer moves position even should the viewer have but one eye, making the viewer'"'"'s brain to comprehend that the viewed scene is three-dimensional.

4. A method of telepresence, being a video representation of being at real-world scene that is other than the instant scene of the viewer, the method comprising:

capturing video of a real-world scene from a multiplicity of different spatial perspectives on the scene;

creating from the captured video a full three-dimensional model of the scene;

producing from the three-dimensional model a video representation on the scene responsively to a predetermined criterion selected from among criteria including an object in the scene and an event in the scene, thus interactive telepresence because the presentation to the viewer is interactive in response to the criterion;

wherein the video presentation of the scene in accordance with the criterion need not be in accordance with any of the captured video.

5. The method of viewer-interactive telepresence according to claim 4

wherein the video representation is in response to a criterion selected by the viewer, thus viewer-interactive telepresence.

6. The method of viewer-interactive telepresence according to claim 5 wherein the presentation is in response to the position and direction of the viewer'"'"'s eyes and head, and exhibits motional parallax.

7. The method of viewer-interactive telepresence according to claim 5 wherein the presentation exhibits stereoscopy.

8. An immersive video system for presenting video images of a real-world scene in accordance with a predetermined criterion, the system comprising:

a knowledge database containing information about the spatial framework of the real-world scene;

multiple video sources each at a different spatial location for producing multiple two-dimensional video images of a real-world scene each at a different spatial perspective;

a viewer interface at which a prospective viewer of the scene may specify a criterion relative to which criterion the viewer wishes to view the scene;

a computer, receiving the multiple two-dimensional video images of the scene from the multiple video cameras and the viewer-specified criterion from the viewer interface, the computer for calculating in accordance with the spatial framework of the knowledge database as

a video data analyzer for detecting and for tracking objects of potential interest and their locations in the scene,

an environmental model builder for combining multiple individual video images of the scene to build a three-dimensional dynamic model of the environment of the scene within which three-dimensional dynamic environmental model potential objects of interest in the scene are recorded along with their instant spatial locations, and

a viewer criterion interpreter for correlating the viewer-specified criterion with the objects of interest in the scene, and with the spatial locations of these objects, as recorded in the dynamic environmental model in order to produce parameters of perspective on the scene, and

a visualizer for generating, from the three-dimensional dynamic environmental model in accordance with the parameters of perspective, a particular two-dimensional video image of the scene; and

a video display, receiving the particular two-dimensional video image of the scene from the computer, for displaying this particular two-dimensional video image of the real-world scene to the viewer as that particular view of the scene which is in satisfaction of the viewer-specified criterion.

9. An immersive video system for presenting video images of a real-world scene in accordance with a predetermined criterion, the system comprising:

multiple video sources each at a different spatial location for producing multiple two-dimensional video images of a real-world scene each at a different spatial perspective;

a knowledge database containing information about the real-world scene regarding at least two of

the geometry of the real-world scene,

potential shapes of objects in the real-world scene,

dynamic behaviors of objects in the real-world scene, and

a camera calibration model;

a viewer interface at which a prospective viewer of the scene may specify a criterion relative to which criterion the viewer wishes to view the scene;

a computer, receiving the multiple two-dimensional video images of the scene from the multiple video cameras and the viewer-specified criterion from the viewer interface, the computer operating in consideration of the knowledge database and including

a video data analyzer for detecting and for tracking objects of potential interest and their locations in the scene,

an environmental model builder for combining multiple individual video images of the scene to build a three-dimensional dynamic model of the environment of the scene within which three-dimensional dynamic environmental model potential objects of interest in the scene are recorded along with their instant spatial locations, and

a viewer criterion interpreter for correlating the viewer-specified criterion with the objects of interest in the scene, and with the spatial locations of these objects, as recorded in the dynamic environmental model in order to produce parameters of perspective on the scene, and

a visualizer for generating, from the three-dimensional dynamic environmental model in accordance with the parameters of perspective, a particular two-dimensional video image of the scene; and

a video display, receiving the particular two-dimensional video image of the scene from the computer, for displaying this particular two-dimensional video image of the real-world scene to the viewer as that particular view of the scene which is in satisfaction of the viewer-specified criterion.

10. The immersive video system according to claim 9 wherein the knowledge database contains data regarding each of

the geometry of the real-world scene,

potential shapes of objects in the real-world scene,

dynamic behaviors of objects in the real-world scene, and

a camera calibration model.

11. The immersive video system according to claim 9 wherein the camera calibration model of the knowledge database includes at least one of

an internal camera calibration model, and

an external camera calibration model.

12. An improvement to the method of video mosaicing, which video mosaicing method uses video frames from a video stream of a single video camera panning a scene, or, equivalently, the video frames from each of multiple video cameras each of which images only a part of the scene, in order to produce a larger video scene image than any single video frame from any single video camera,

the improved method being directed to generating a spatial-temporally coherent and consistent three-dimensional video mosaic from multiple individual video streams arising from each of multiple video cameras each of which is imaging at least a part of the scene from a perspective that is at least in part different from other ones of the multiple video cameras,

the improved method being called video hypermosaicing,

the video hypermosaicing method being applied to scenes where at a least a portion of the scene from the perspective of at least one camera is static, which limitation is only to say that absolutely everything in every part of the scene as is imaged to each of the multiple video cameras cannot be simultaneously in dynamic motion, the video hypermosaicing comprising:

accumulating and storing as a priori information the static portion of the scene as a CSG/CAD model of the scene; and

processing, in consideration of the CSG/CAD model of the scene, dynamic portions of the scene, only, from the multiple video steams of the multiple video cameras so as to develop a spatial-temporally coherent and consistent three-dimensional video mosaic of the scene;

wherein the processing of static portions of the scene is bypassed;

wherein bypassing of processing the static portions of the scene reduces the complexity of processing the scene.

13. The video hypermosaicing according to claim 12 wherein the accumulating and storing is of

the geometry of the real-world scene,

potential shapes of objects in the real-world scene,

dynamic behaviors of objects in the real-world scene,

an internal camera calibration model and parameters, and

an external camera calibration model and parameters, as the priori information regarding the static portion of the scene, and as the CSc/CAD model of the scene.

14. The video hypermosaicing according to claim 13 wherein the processing comprises:

building and maintaining a comprehensive three-dimensional video model of the scene by steps including

calibrating the multiple cameras in three-dimensional space by use of the internal and external camera calibration models and parameters,

extracting all dynamic objects in the multiple video streams of the scene,

localizing each extracted dynamical object in the three-dimensional model, updating positions of existing objects and creating new objects in the model as required, and

mosaicing pixels from the multiple video streams by steps.

15. A method of composing arbitrary new video vistas on a scene from multiple video streams of the scene derived from different spatial perspectives on the scene, the method called video hypermosaicing because it transcends the generation of a two-dimensional video mosaic by video mosaicing and instead generates a spatial-temporally coherent and consistent three-dimensional video mosaic from multiple individual video streams arising from each of multiple video cameras each of which is imaging at least a part of the scene from a perspective that is at least in part different from other ones of the multiple video cameras, the video hypermosaicing composing method comprising:

receiving multiple video streams on a scene each of which streams comprises multiple pixels in a vista coordinate system V;

{(x_v, y_v, z_v)};

finding for each pixel (x_v, y_v, d_v (x_v, y_v) on the vista the corresponding pixel point (x.sub.ω

, y.sub.ω

, z.sub.ω

) in a model, or world, coordinate system W;

{(x.sub.ω

, y.sub.ω

, z.sub.ω

) by using the depth value of the pixel, to wit x.sub.ω

y.sub.ω

z.sub.ω

1!^T =M_v ·

x_v y_v z_v 1!^T ;

projecting the found corresponding pixel point onto each of a plurality of camera image planes c of a camera coordinate system C;

{(x_c, y_c, z_c)} by x_c y_c z_c 1!^T =M_c^-1 ·

x.sub.ω

y.sub.ω

z.sub.ω

1!^T where M_c is the 4×

4 homogeneous transformation matrix representing transformation between c and the world coordinate system, in order to produce camera coordinate pixel points (x_c, y_c, z_c) ∀

c;

testing said camera coordinate pixel points (x_c, y_c, z_c) ∀

c for occlusion from view by comparing z_c with the depth value for the found corresponding pixel point so as to produce several candidates that could be used for the pixel (x_c, y_c) for the vista;

evaluating each candidate view cv by a criteria, to wit, first computing an angle A subtended by a line between a candidate camera and a vista position with the object point (x.sub.ω

, y.sub.ω

, z.sub.ω

) by use of the cosine formula A=arccos √

(b² +c² -a²)/(2bc), and then computing the distance of the object point (x.sub.ω

, y.sub.ω

, z.sub.ω

) from camera window coordinate (x_c, y_c), which is the depth value d_c (x_c, y_c);

evaluating each candidate view by an evaluation criterion e_cv =f (A, B*d_c (x_c, y_c)), where B is a small number; and

repeating the receiving, the finding, the projecting, the testing and the evaluating for an instance of time of each video frame assuming a stationary viewpoint.

16. The hypermosaicing composing method according to claim 15 extended to produce a fly-by sequence of view in the world coordinate system, the extended method comprising:

repeating the receiving, the finding, the projecting, the testing and the evaluating for every point of a view port in the world coordinate system.

17. A method of presenting a particular stereoscopic two-dimensional video image of a real-world three dimensional scene to a viewer in accordance with a criterion supplied by the viewer, the method comprising:

imaging in multiple video cameras each at a different spatial location multiple two-dimensional video images of a real-world scene each at a different spatial perspective;

combining in a computer the multiple two-dimensional images the scene into a three-dimensional model of the scene;

receiving in a the computer from a prospective viewer of the scene a viewer-specified criterion relative to which criterion the viewer wishes to view the scene;

synthesizing, in a computer from the three-dimensional model in accordance with the received viewer criterion, a stereoscopic two-dimensional image that is without exact correspondence to any of the images of the real-world scene that are imaged by any of the multiple video cameras; and

displaying in a video display the particular stereoscopic two-dimensional image of the real-world scene to the viewer.

18. The method according to claim 17

wherein the receiving is of the viewer-specified criterion of a particular spatial perspective, relative to which particular spatial perspective the viewer washes to view the scene;

and

wherein the synthesizing in the computer from the three-dimensional model is of a particular two-dimensional image of the scene in accordance with the particular spatial perspective criterion received from the viewer; and

wherein the displaying in the video display is of the particular stereoscopic two-dimensional image of the scene that is in accordance with the particular spatial perspective received from the viewer.

19. The method according to claim 17 performed in real time as television presented to a viewer interactively in accordance with the viewer-specified criterion.

20. A method of presenting a particular stereoscopic two-dimensional video image of a real-world three dimensional scene to a viewer in accordance with a criterion supplied by the viewer, the method comprising:

imaging in multiple video cameras each at a different spatial location multiple two-dimensional video images of a real-world scene each at a different spatial perspective;

combining in a computer the multiple two-dimensional images of the scene into a three-dimensional model of the scene so as generate a three-dimensional model of the scene in which model objects in the scene are identified;

receiving in a the computer from a prospective viewer of the scene a viewer-specified criterion of a selected object in the scene that the viewer wishes to particularly view;

synthesizing, in a computer from the three-dimensional model in accordance with the received viewer criterion, a particular stereoscopic two-dimensional image of the selected object in the scene; and

displaying to the viewer in the video display the particular stereoscopic image of the scene showing the viewer-selected object.

21. The method according to claim 20 wherein the viewer-selected object in the scene is dynamic, and unmoving, in the scene.

22. The method according to claim 20 wherein the viewer-selected object in the scene is dynamic, and moving, in the scene.

23. The method according to claim 20 wherein selection of the object relative to which the viewer wishes to particularly view in the scene transpires by

viewer positioning of a device of a type that is suitably used with an artificial reality system to sense viewer position and viewer movement and viewer direction of focus;

sensing with the device the viewer position and movement and direction of focus;

unambiguously interpreting in three dimensions an association between, on the one hand, the object position and, on the other hand, the viewer position and movement and direction of focus, so as to specify the object relative to which the viewer wishes to particularly view in the scene;

wherein the association transpires, as the three-dimensional model of the scene supports, in three and not just in two dimensions.

24. A method of presenting a particular stereoscopic two-dimensional video image of a real-world three dimensional scene to a viewer in accordance with a criterion supplied by the viewer, the method comprising:

imaging in multiple video cameras each at a different spatial location multiple two-dimensional video images of a real-world scene each at a different spatial perspective;

combining in a computer the multiple two-dimensional images of the scene into a three-dimensional model of the scene so as generate a three-dimensional model of the scene in which model events in the scene are identified;

receiving in a the computer from a prospective viewer of the scene a viewer-specified criterion of a selected event in the scene that the viewer wishes to particularly view;

synthesizing, in a computer from the three-dimensional model in accordance with the received viewer criterion, a particular stereoscopic two-dimensional image of the selected event in the scene; and

displaying to the viewer in the video display the particular stereoscopic image of the scene showing the viewer-selected event.

25. The method according to claim 24 wherein selection of the object relative to which the viewer wishes to particularly view in the scene transpires by

viewer positioning of a device of a type that is suitably used with an artificial reality system to sense viewer position and viewer movement and viewer direction of focus;

sensing with the device the viewer position and movement and direction of focus;

unambiguously interpreting in three dimensions an association between, on the one hand, the object position and, on the other hand, the viewer position and movement and direction of focus, so as to specify the object relative to which the viewer wishes to particularly view in the scene;

wherein the association transpires, as the three-dimensional model of the scene supports, in three and not just in two dimensions.

26. A method of synthesizing a stereoscopic virtual video image from real video images obtained by a multiple real video cameras, the method comprising:

storing in a video image database the real two-dimensional video images of a scene from each of a multiplicity of real video cameras;

creating in a computer from the multiplicity of stored two-dimensional video images a three-dimensional video database containing a three-dimensional video image of the scene, the three-dimensional video database being characterized in that the three-dimensional location of objects in the scene is within the database; and

synthesizing a two-dimensional stereoscopic virtual video image of the scene from the three-dimensional video database;

wherein the synthesizing is facilitated because the three-dimensional spatial positions of all objects depicted in the stereoscopic virtual video image are known because of their positions within the three-dimensional video database, it being a mathematical transform to present a two-dimensional stereoscopic video image when the three-dimensional positions of objects depicted in the image are known.

27. The method according to claim 26

wherein the synthesizing from the three-dimensional video database is of a two-dimensional stereoscopic virtual video image of the scene having two, a left stereo and a right stereo, image components each of which image components that is without correspondence to any real two-dimensional video image of a scene;

wherein the synthesizing is of a 100% synthetic two-dimensional stereoscopic virtual video image, meaning that although the objects within the image are of the scene as it ms seen by real video cameras, no camera sees the scene as either the left or the right stereo components,

wherein it may be fairly said that the two-dimensional stereoscopic virtual video image results not from stereoscopically imaging, or videotaping, the scene but rather from synthesizing a stereoscopic view of the scene.

28. The method according to claim 26 that, between the creaking and the synthesizing, further comprises:

selecting a spatial perspective, which spatial perspective is not that of any of the multiplicity of real video cameras, on the scene as the scene is imaged within the three-dimensional video model;

wherein the generating of the two-dimensional stereoscopic virtual video image is so as to show the scene from the selected spatial perspective.

29. The method according to claim 28 wherein the selected spatial perspective is static, and fixed, during the video of the scene.

30. The method according to claim 28 wherein the selected spatial perspective is dynamic, and variable, during the video of the scene.

31. The method according to claim 28 wherein the selected spatial perspective is so dynamic and variable dependent upon occurrences in the scene.

32. The method according to claim 26 that, between the creating and the generating, further comprises:

locating a selected object in the scene as is imaged within the three-dimensional video model;

wherein the generating of the two-dimensional stereoscopic virtual video image is so as to best show the selected object.

33. The method according to claim 26 that, between the creating and the generating, further comprises:

dynamically tracking the scene as is imaged within the three-dimensional video model in order to recognize any occurrence of a predetermined event in the scene;

wherein the generating of the two-dimensional stereoscopic virtual video image is so as to best show the predetermined event.

34. The method according to claim 26 wherein the generating is of a selected two-dimensional stereoscopic virtual video image, on demand.

35. The method according to claim 26 wherein the generating of the selected two-dimensional stereoscopic virtual video image is in real time on demand, thus interactive virtual television.

36. A computerized method for presenting video images including a real-world scene, the method comprising:

constructing a three-dimensional environmental model containing both static and dynamic elements of the real world scene;

producing multiple video streams showing two-dimensional images on the real-world scene from differing spatial positions;

identifying static and dynamic portions of each of the multiple video streams;

first warping at least some of corresponding portions of the multiple video streams onto the three-dimensional environmental model as reconstructed three-dimensional objects, wherein at least some image portions that are represented two-dimensionally in a single video stream assume a three-dimensional representation; and

to synthesizing a two-dimensional video image that is without equivalence to any of the two-dimensional images that are within the multiple video streams from the three-dimensional environmental model containing the three-dimensional objects.

37. The method according to claim 36 wherein the first warping is of at least some dynamic elements.

38. The method according to claim 37 wherein the first warping is also of at least some static scene elements.

39. The method according to claim 36 further comprising:

second warping at least some of corresponding portions of the multiple video streams onto the three-dimensional environmental model as two-dimensional representations, wherein at least some image portions that are represented two-dimensionally in a single video stream are still represented two-dimensionally even when warped onto an environmental model that is itself three-dimensional; and

wherein the synthesizing of the two-dimensional video image is from the two-dimensional representations, as well as the reconstructed three-dimensional objects, that were both warped onto the three-dimensional environmental model.

40. The method according to claim 36 wherein the identifying of the static and dynamic portions of each of the multiple video streams transpires by tracking changes in scene element representations in the multiple video streams over time.

41. The method according to claim 36 wherein the environmental model determines whether any scene portion or scene element is to be warped onto itself as either a two-dimensional representation or as a reconstructed three-dimensional object.

42. The method according to claim 41 wherein the synthesizing in accordance with a viewer specified criterion is dynamic in accordance with such criterion, and, although the criterion does not change, the scene selection responsive thereto is of a varying, and not a same and consistent, view on the scene from time to time.

43. The method according to claim 36 wherein the synthesizing is in accordance with a viewer specified criterion.

44. The method according to claim 43 wherein the dynamic synthesizing is in accordance with a viewer specified criterion of any of

an object in the scene, and

an event in the scene.

45. The method according to claim 43 wherein the dynamic synthesizing is of a stereoscopic image.

46. A computer system, receiving multiple video images of views on a real world scene, for synthesizing a video image of the scene which synthesized image is no identical to any of the multiple received video images, the system comprising:

an information base containing a geometry of the real-world scene, shapes and dynamic behaviors expected from moving objects in the scene, plus internal and external camera calibration models on the scene;

a video data analyzer means for detecting and for tracking objects of potential interest in the scene, and locations of these objects;

a three-dimensional environmental model builder means for recording the detected and tracked objects at their proper locations in a three-dimensional model of the scene, the recording being in consideration of the information base;

a viewer interface means responsive to a viewer of the scene to receive a viewer selection of a desired view on the scene, which desired view need not be identical to any views that are within any of the multiple received video images; and

a visualizer means for generating from the three-dimensional model of the scene in accordance with the received desired view a video image on the scene that so shows the scene from the desired view.