Cardiac support device

• US 5,851,174 A
• Filed: 09/17/1996
• Issued: 12/22/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 09/17/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: United States Surgical Corporation (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: M.D. Robert Jarvik, United States Surgical Corporation (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Jarvik, Robert, Alesi, Daniel E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Kamm, William E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): EVANISKO, GEORGE ROBERT
• Application Number:
  US08/714,898
• Time in Patent Office: 826 Days
• Field of Search: 623/3, 600/16-18, 415/900
• US Class Current: 600/16
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/148 in line with a blood vessel using resection or like techniques, e.g. permanent endovascular heart assist devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/178 drawing blood from a ventricle and returning the blood to the arterial system via a cannula external to the ventricle, e.g. left or right ventricular assist devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/183 drawing blood from both ventricles, e.g. bi-ventricular assist devices [BiVAD]
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/196 replacing the entire heart, e.g. total artificial hearts [TAH]
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/221 the blood flow through the rotating member having both radial and axial components, e.g. mixed flow pumps
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/237 the blood flow through the rotating member having mainly axial components, e.g. axial flow pumps
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/422 the force acting on the blood contacting member being electromagnetic, e.g. using canned motor pumps
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/812 Vanes or blades, e.g. static flow guides
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/825 Contact bearings, e.g. ball-and-cup or pivot bearings
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/865 Devices for guiding or inserting pumps or pumping devices into the patient's body
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 415/90 Rotary blood pump

Abstract

An apparatus for pumping blood includes an elongated housing dimensioned to be at least partially positioned within the heart of a patient, a rotating member supported for rotational movement within the elongated housing and a drive mechanism for imparting rotational movement to the rotating member. The elongated housing includes an outer wall, a first inlet port for permitting blood to enter the elongated housing through a first end of the elongated housing and a second inlet port defined in the outer wall of the elongated housing for permitting blood to enter through the outer wall. The rotating member is rotatable to impart pumping energy to the blood entering through the first and second inlet ports to direct the blood through an outlet opening of the elongated housing. The rotating member preferably includes first and second blood pumping blade arrangements. The first blade arrangement is dimensioned to impart pump energy to the blood entering the elongated housing through the first inlet port. The second blade arrangement is dimensioned to at least impart pump energy to the blood entering the elongated housing through the second inlet port. The electric motor stator and rotor define a space therebetween through which blood entering the first inlet passes. The motor is an ironless core copper electromagnetic windings which provides a sufficiently large air space for blood flow.

Claims

1. An apparatus for pumping blood, which comprises:

a) an elongated housing adapted to be at least partially positioned within the heart of a patient, the elongated housing including an outer wall having first and second ends and defining a longitudinal axis, the elongated housing having at least a first inlet port for permitting blood to enter the elongated housing through the first end of the elongated housing and at least a second inlet port defined in the outer wall of the elongated housing and being axially displaced from the first inlet port for permitting blood to enter through the outer wall, the second end of the elongated housing being open to define an axial outlet opening to permit the blood to exit the elongated housing;

b) a rotating member supported for rotational movement within the elongated housing and rotatable to impart pumping energy to the blood entering through the first and second inlet ports to direct the blood through the outlet opening of the elongated housing; and

c) a motor unit contained within the elongated housing for imparting rotational movement to the rotating member.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the first end of the elongated housing defines an axial opening such that the first inlet port is an axial inlet port.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1 including a plurality of second inlet ports defined in the outer wall of the elongated housing.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the rotating member includes first and second blood pumping blade arrangements, the first blade arrangement dimensioned to impart pump energy to the blood entering the elongated housing through the first inlet port, the second blade arrangement dimensioned to at least impart pump energy to the blood entering the elongated housing through the second inlet port.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4 wherein the first and second blade arrangements each include at least one blade mounted to the rotatable member.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5 wherein the rotating member defines a periphery having a predetermined distance and wherein the first blade arrangement includes a first blade which extends about 1/3 of the predetermined distance of the rotating member and wherein the second blade arrangement includes a second blade which extends about 2/3 of the predetermined distance of the rotating member, the positions of the first and second blades being substantially opposite one another so as to minimize radial imbalance of the rotating member.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the motor unit includes an electric motor, the electric motor including a magnetically actuated rotor and a motor stator.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7 wherein the rotor of the electric motor is embedded within the rotatable member.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the first and second inlet ports are axially displaced relative to each other.

10. An apparatus for pumping blood, which comprises:

a) an elongated housing dimensioned to be at least partially positioned within the heart of a patient, the elongated housing including an outer wall, at least a first inlet port for permitting blood to enter the elongated housing through a first end of the elongated housing and at least a second inlet port defined in the outer wall of the elongated housing for permitting blood to enter through the outer wall;

b) a rotating member supported for rotational movement within the elongated housing and rotatable to impart pumping energy to the blood entering through the first and second inlet ports to direct the blood through an outlet opening of the elongated housing; and

c) an electric motor for imparting rotational movement to the rotating member, the electric motor including a magnetically actuated rotor embedded within the rotatable member and a motor stator, the rotatable member and the motor stator defining an annular space therebetween through which blood entering the first inlet passes.

11. An apparatus for pumping blood, which comprises:

a) an elongated housing dimensioned to be at least partially positioned within the heart of a patient, the elongated housing including an outer wall, at least a first inlet port for permitting blood to enter the elongated housing through a first end of the elongated housing and at least a second inlet port defined in the outer wall of the elongated housing for permitting blood to enter through the outer wall;

b) a rotating member supported for rotational movement within the elongated housing and rotatable to impart pumping energy to the blood entering through the first and second inlet ports to direct the blood through an outlet opening of the elongated housing; and

c) an electric motor for imparting rotational movement to the rotating member, the electric motor including a magnetically actuated rotor and a motor stator, the motor stator including ironless core copper electromagnetic windings.

12. An apparatus for pumping blood, which comprises:

a) an elongated housing defining a generally longitudinal axis and having at least one opening at a first axial location to permit blood to enter the elongated housing at the first axial location and at least one opening at a second axial location axially displaced from the first axial location to permit blood to enter the elongated housing at the second axial location, and further having an exit opening to permit blood to exit the elongated housing;

b) a rotating member adapted for rotational movement within the elongated housing, the rotating member including first and second blood pumping blade arrangements, the first blade arrangement for imparting pump energy to the blood entering the elongated housing through the opening at the first axial location, the second blade arrangement axially displaced from the first blade arrangement for imparting pump energy to the blood entering the elongated housing through the one opening at the second axial location; and

c) a drive mechanism disposed within the elongated housing for imparting rotational movement to the rotating member.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the one opening at the first axial location is an open end of the elongated housing.

14. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the first and second blade arrangements are substantially identical in configuration.

15. An apparatus for pumping blood, which comprises:

an elongated housing member including a motor chamber and a pump chamber, the housing member having at least a first opening to permit blood to enter the motor chamber and at least a second opening to permit blood to enter the pump chamber, the housing member further including an outflow opening to permit blood to exit the housing member;

a rotatable member adapted for rotational movement within the housing to impart pumping energy to blood entering the motor and pump chambers through respective first and second openings of the housing member; and

an electric motor disposed within the motor chamber for imparting rotational movement to the rotatable member, the electric motor including a magnetically actuated rotor mounted to the rotatable member and a motor stator, the rotatable member and the motor stator defining a space therebetween through which blood entering the first opening passes through the motor chamber.

16. The apparatus according to claim 15 wherein the rotatable member traverses at least portion of the motor chamber and the pump chamber.

17. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the motor unit includes an ironless core motor with copper windings.

18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the cross-sectional area of the space between the rotatable member and the motor stator ranges from approximately 0.025 in² to approximately 0.031 in².

19. The apparatus according to claim 16 wherein the rotatable member includes a first blade arrangement for imparting pump energy to blood entering the first opening and passing through the motor chamber within the space defined between the rotatable member and the motor stator and a second blade arrangement for imparting pump energy to blood both entering the second opening and exiting the motor chamber.

20. The apparatus according to claim 15 wherein the first and second openings in the elongated housing member are generally axial openings.

21. The apparatus according to claim 15 including a cannula portion connected to the housing member adjacent the outflow opening, the cannula portion dimensioned to be placed in an artery associated with a patient'"'"'s heart and defining a longitudinal opening therethrough to permit blood to pass.

22. A cardiac support device, which comprises:

an elongated housing member having axial inflow and axial outflow openings defined in respective first and second ends of the elongated housing, the elongated housing further including a radial inflow opening in an outer wall of the housing member;

an impeller mounted for rotational movement to impart mechanical energy to blood entering the axial inflow opening and the radial inflow opening to direct the blood through the outflow opening; and

an electric motor disposed within the elongated housing, the electric motor including a motor stator and a rotor rotatable within the motor stator to impart rotational movement to the impeller, the motor stator and the rotor defining a space therebetween through which blood entering the axial inflow opening passes to be expelled from the axial outflow opening.

23. A cardiac support device which comprises:

an elongated housing member having axial inflow and axial outflow openings defined in respective first and second ends of the elongated housing;

an impeller mounted for rotational movement to impact mechanical energy to blood entering the axial inflow opening to direct the blood through the outflow opening; and

an electric motor disposed within the elongated housing, the electric motor including a motor stator having ironless core copper windings and a rotor rotatable within the motor stator to impart rotational movement to the impeller, the motor stator and rotor defining a space therebetween through which blood entering the axial inflow opening passes to be expelled from the outflow axial opening.

24. The device according to claim 23, wherein the cross-sectional area of the space between the rotatable member and the motor stator ranges from approximately 0.025 in to approximately 0.031 in.