Performance optimizations for computer networks utilizing HTTP

• US 5,852,717 A
• Filed: 11/20/1996
• Issued: 12/22/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 11/20/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Original Assignee: Shiva Corp. (Intel Corporation)
• Inventors: Oestreicher, Don, Singh, Jagdeep, Bhide, Chandrashekhar W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Ramirez, Ellis B.
• Application Number:
  US08/752,500
• Time in Patent Office: 762 Days
• Field of Search: 395/200.32, 395/200.33, 395/200.58, 395/200.59, 395/200.49, 395/200.5, 364/551.01
• US Class Current: 709/203
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/01 Protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/02 based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/56 Provisioning of proxy services store-and-forward switching systems in data switching networks H04L12/54
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/568 Storing data temporarily at an intermediate stage, e.g. caching
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/329 in the application layer [OSI layer 7]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/40 Network security protocols

Abstract

Systems and methods of increasing the performance of computer networks, especially networks connecting users to the Web, are provided. Performance is increased by reducing the latency the client experiences between sending a request to the server and receiving a response. A connection cache may be maintained by an agent on the network access equipment to more quickly respond to request for network connections to the server. Additionally, the agent may maintain a cache of information to more quickly respond to requests to get an object if it has been modified. These enhancements and other described herein may be implemented singly or in conjunction to reduce the latency involved in sending the requests to the server by saving round-trip times between computer network components.

Claims

1. In a computer network, a method executed by an agent in the computer network between clients and a server for increasing performance between the clients and the server, the method comprising the steps of:

receiving a first request from a client to open a single network connection to the server;

sending a plurality of requests to the server to open a plurality of network connections to the server;

receiving a second request from the client;

sending the second request to the server using one of the plurality of network connections;

wherein the plurality of network connections to the server are opened in response to the first request from the client to open a single network connection.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

receiving a third request from a client to open a single network connection to the server;

sending a response to the client that a network connection is open;

receiving a fourth request from the client; and

sending the fourth request to the server using one of the plurality of network connections previously obtained in response to the first request.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising the step of sending a request to the server to open a network connection to the server in order to replace the one of the plurality of network connections being used.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of storing the plurality of network connections in a cache of network connections.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising the steps of:

receiving a third request from a client to open a single network connection to the server;

scanning the cache to determine if there is an open network connection to the server in the cache; and

if there is an open network connection in the cache, sending a response to the client that a network connection is open, whereby the open network connection becomes used.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising the steps of:

determining if network connection caching increases performance between the clients and the server; and

if network caching increases performance, sending a request to the server to open a network connection to the server in order to store another open network connection in the cache to replace the used network connection.

7. The method of claim 4, further comprising the steps of:

determining the number of open network connections to the server stored in the cache; and

if the number of open network connections is less than a predetermined number, sending a request to the server to open a network connection to the server in order to store another open network connection in the cache.

8. The method of claim 4, further comprising the steps of:

determining if an open network connection to the server in the cache has been closed; and

if there is a closed network connection in the cache, sending a request to the server to open a network connection to the server in order to store an open network connection in the cache.

9. The method of claim 5, further comprising the step of removing the used network connection from the cache.

10. The method of claim 5, further comprising the step of sending a request to the server to open a network connection to the server in order to store another open network connection in the cache to replace the used network connection.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the client is a World Wide Web browser.

12. A computer network, comprising:

a client computer running a Web browser;

a Web server networked to the client computer;

a proxy server computer networked to the client computer for storing information available on the Web server; and

network access equipment, networked between the client computer and the Web and proxy servers, including an agent that receives an HTTP request from the Web browser to open a single network connection to the server and sends a plurality of requests to the server to open a plurality of network connections to the server;

wherein the plurality of network connections to the server are opened in response to the HTTP request from the Web browser to open a single network connection.

13. In a computer network, a method executed by an agent in the computer network between clients and a server for increasing performance between the clients and the server, the method comprising the steps of:

receiving a first request from a client to get an object from the server if the object has been modified after a specific timestamp;

sending the first request to the server;

receiving a first response from the server that the object has not been modified after the specific timestamp;

sending the first response to the client;

storing an identifier for the object and a timestamp in a cache;

receiving a second request from the client to get the object from the server if the object has been modified after the specific timestamp; and

if the timestamp stored in the cache is within a predetermined amount of time from the current time, sending a second response to the client that the object has not been modified after the specific timestamp without sending the second request to the server.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the storing step includes the steps of storing a location of the object as the identifier, storing the specific timestamp, and storing the timestamp as the current time in order to estimate at what time the object remained unmodified.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising the step of periodically sending requests to the server to get objects identified in the cache if the object has been modified after the specific timestamp in order to update the timestamp in the cache.

16. The method of claim 13, further comprising the step of setting the predetermined amount of time.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein the client is a World Wide Web browser.

18. A computer network, comprising:

a client computer running a Web browser;

a Web server networked to the client computer;

a proxy server computer networked to the client computer for storing information available on the Web server; and

network access equipment, networked between the client computer and the Web and proxy servers, including an agent that stores identifiers and timestamps for objects so that when the agent receives a request from the Web browser to get an object from the server if the object has been modified after a specific timestamp, the agent responds to the request without sending a request to the Web server.

19. In a computer network, a method executed by an agent in the computer network between a client and a Web and proxy servers for increasing performance between the client and the Web server, comprising the steps of:

receiving an HTTP request from a client; and

sending the HTTP request to either the Web server or the proxy server depending on the HTTP request, the proxy server storing information available on the Web server;

wherein the client does not need to be modified to utilize the proxy server.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein if the HTTP request may be serviced by the proxy server, the HTTP request is sent to the proxy server, and otherwise the HTTP request is sent to the Web server.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein if the HTTP request is to post information to the server, the HTTP request is sent to the Web server, and otherwise the HTTP request is sent to the proxy server.

22. The method of claim 19, further comprising the step of translating the HTTP request to a different protocol before the HTTP request is sent to the proxy server.

23. The method of claim 19, wherein the client is a World Wide Web browser.

24. A computer network, comprising:

a client computer running a Web browser;

a Web server networked to the client computer;

a proxy server computer networked to the client computer for storing information available on the Web server; and

network access equipment, networked between the client computer and the Web and proxy servers, including an agent that receives HTTP requests and sends the HTTP requests to either the Web server or the proxy server depending on each HTTP request;

wherein software on the client computer does not need to be modified to utilize the proxy server.

25. The computer network of claim 24, wherein HTTP requests that may be serviced by the proxy server are sent to the proxy server, otherwise the HTTP requests are sent to the Web server.

26. The computer network of claim 24, wherein HTTP requests that post information to the server are sent to the Web server, otherwise the HTTP requests are sent to the proxy server.

27. The computer network of claim 24, wherein the HTTP requests are translated to a different protocol before the HTTP requests are sent to the proxy server.

28. In a computer network, a method for increasing performance between a client on a client computer and a server utilizing a client hook on the client computer and an agent between the client computer and the server, comprising the steps of:

the client hook intercepting requests from the client to the server;

the client hook modifying the requests from the client;

the client hook sending the modified requests to the agent;

the agent reconstructing the requests from the client according to the modified requests; and

the agent sending the requests from the client to the server;

wherein communication between the client hook and the agent increases performance of communication between the client and the server.

29. The method of claim 28, further comprising the steps of:

the client hook intercepting a first request from the client to open a network connection to the server, the first request including an identifier for the server;

the client hook immediately responding that a network connection to the server has been opened to the server and storing the identifier of the server;

the client hook intercepting a second request from the client to be sent over the opened network connection to the server; and

the client hook sending the second request and the identifier of the server to the agent.

30. The method of claim 29, further comprising the steps of:

the agent sending a third request to open a network connection to the server identified by the identifier; and

the agent sending the second request to the server over an open network connection.

31. The method of claim 29, further comprising the steps of:

the agent identifying an open network connection to the server in a cache; and

the agent sending the second request to the server over the open network connection.

32. The method of claim 29, further comprising the steps of:

without first receiving a request from the client to open a network connection to the server, the agent receiving a first request from the client to the server and an identifier for the server;

utilizing the identifier for the server, the agent sending a second request to the server to open a network connection; and

the agent sending the first request to the server over an open network connection.

33. The method of claim 28, further comprising the steps of:

the agent storing first information included in a first request from the client to the server;

the agent receiving a second request from the client to the server that includes differences between the first information and second information of the second request instead of the second information;

the agent reconstructing the second information from the stored first information and the differences between the first and second information; and

the agent sending the second request to the server including the reconstructed second information.

34. The met hod of claim 28, further comprising the steps of:

the client hook intercepting a first request from the client to the server that includes first information;

the client hook sending the first request to the agent for sending to the server;

the agent storing a copy of the first information;

the agent sending the first request to the server;

the client hook intercepting a second request from the client to the server that includes second information;

the client hook modifying the second request to include differences between the first and second information instead of the second information;

the agent receiving the modified second request from the client;

the agent reconstructing the second information from the stored first information and the differences between the first and second information; and

the agent sending the second request to the server including the reconstructed second information.

35. The method of claim 28, wherein the network link between the client computer and the agent is substantially slower than the network link between the agent and the server.

36. In a computer network, a method for increasing performance between a client on a client computer and a server utilizing a client hook on the client computer and an agent between the client computer and the server, comprising the steps of:

the client hook intercepting a first request from the client to open a network connection to the server, the first request including an identifier for the server;

the client hook immediately responding that a network connection to the server has been opened to the server and storing the identifier of the server;

the client hook intercepting a second request from the client to be sent over the opened network connection to the server; and

the client hook sending the second request and the identifier of the server to the agent.

37. The method of claim 36, further comprising the steps of:

the agent sending a third request to open a network connection to the server identified by the identifier; and

the agent sending the second request to the server over an open network connection.

38. The method of claim 36, further comprising the steps of:

the agent identifying an open network connection to the server in a cache; and

the agent sending the second request to the server over the open network connection.

39. The method of claim 36, wherein the second request to the server to open a network connection includes a request to keep the network connection open.

40. In a computer network, a method executed by an agent in the computer network between a client and a server for increasing performance between the client and the server, the method comprising the steps of:

without first receiving a request from the client to open a network connection to the server, receiving a first request from the client to the server and an identifier for the server;

utilizing the identifier for the server, sending a second request to the server to open a network connection; and

sending the first request to the server over an open network connection.

41. The method of claim 40, wherein the second request to the server to open a network connection includes a request to keep the network connection open.

42. The method of claim 40, wherein the client is a World Wide Web browser.

43. In a computer network, a method executed by an agent in the computer network between a client and a server for increasing performance between the client and the server, the method comprising the steps of:

storing first information included in a first request from the client to the server;

receiving a second request from the client to the server that includes differences between the first information and second information of the second request instead of the second information;

reconstructing the second information from the stored first information and the differences between the first and second information; and

sending the second request to the server including the reconstructed second information.

44. The method of claim 43, wherein the first and second requests are HTTP requests.

45. In a computer network, a method for increasing performance between a client on a client computer and a server utilizing a client hook on the client computer and an agent between the client computer and the server, comprising the steps of:

the client hook intercepting a first request from the client to the server that includes first information;

the client hook sending the first request to the agent for sending to the server;

the agent storing a copy of the first information;

the agent sending the first request to the server;

the client hook intercepting a second request from the client to the server that includes second information;

the client hook modifying the second request to include differences between the first and second information instead of the second information;

the agent receiving the modified second request from the client;

the agent reconstructing the second information from the stored first information and the differences between the first and second information; and

the agent sending the second request to the server including the reconstructed second information.

46. The method of claim 45, wherein the client hook intercepts requests from the client utilizing dynamic link library chaining.

47. The method of claim 45, wherein the first and second requests are HTTP requests.

48. The method of claim 45, wherein the client is a World Wide Web browser.