Cyanine dyes with high-absorbance cross section as donor chromophores in energy transfer labels
First Claim
1. A fluorescent label comprising two fluorophores bonded to a backbone in energy transfer relationship whereby one of said fluorophores is a donor fluorophore and the other is an acceptor fluorophore, said donor fluorophore being a cyanine dye characterized by a quantum yield of between about 0.01 and about 0.25 and has the formula ##STR5## in which:
- X is O or S;
Y is O or S;
R1 is a member selected from the group consisting of H, halo, and C1 -C6 alkyl;
R2 is a member selected from the group consisting of H, halo, and C1 -C6 alkyl;
R3 is C1 -C6 alkyl; and
m is zero to 3;
and said acceptor fluorophore having a quantum yield of at least about 0.3.
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Abstract
Cyanine dyes are used as the donor fluorophore in energy transfer labels in which light energy is absorbed by a donor fluorophore and transferred to an acceptor fluorophore which responds to the transfer by emitting fluorescent light for detection. The cyanine dyes impart an unusually high sensitivity to the labels thereby improving their usefulness in a wide variety of biochemical procedures, particularly nucleic acid sequencing, nucleic acid fragment sizing, and related procedures.
171 Citations
27 Claims
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1. A fluorescent label comprising two fluorophores bonded to a backbone in energy transfer relationship whereby one of said fluorophores is a donor fluorophore and the other is an acceptor fluorophore, said donor fluorophore being a cyanine dye characterized by a quantum yield of between about 0.01 and about 0.25 and has the formula ##STR5## in which:
- X is O or S;
Y is O or S; R1 is a member selected from the group consisting of H, halo, and C1 -C6 alkyl; R2 is a member selected from the group consisting of H, halo, and C1 -C6 alkyl; R3 is C1 -C6 alkyl; and m is zero to 3; and said acceptor fluorophore having a quantum yield of at least about 0.3. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27)
- X is O or S;
Specification