Method for volumetric tissue ablation

• US 5,855,576 A
• Filed: 12/12/1996
• Issued: 01/05/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 03/24/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska
• Original Assignee: Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska
• Inventors: Fox, Randy, LeVeen, Robert F.
• Primary Examiner(s): COHEN, LEE S
• Application Number:
  US08/766,154
• Time in Patent Office: 754 Days
• Field of Search: 606/41, 606/49, 606/50, 607/98, 607/99, 607/113, 607/116, 607/128
• US Class Current: 606/41
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 18/1402 Probes for open surgery
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 18/1477 Needle-like probes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 18/1485 having a short rigid shaft for accessing the inner body through natural openings
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 18/1492 having a flexible, catheter-like structure, e.g. for heart ablation A61B18/1477 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 18/18 by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves radiation therapy A61N5/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/00214 Expandable means emitting energy, e.g. by elements carried thereon
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/1425 Needle
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/143 multiple needles
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/1432 curved
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/1475 Electrodes retractable in or deployable from a housing
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/045 specially adapted for treatment inside the body

Abstract

A volumetric tissue ablation apparatus includes a probe having a plurality of wires journaled through a catheter with a proximal end connected to the active terminal of a generator and a distal end projecting from a distal end of the catheter. The probe wire distal ends are arranged in an array with the distal ends located generally radially and uniformly spaced apart from the catheter distal end. A conductor connected to the return terminal of the generator is located relative to the probe wire array to form a closed electrical circuit through tissue to be ablated. Preferably, the probe wire array includes 10 wires, each formed in an arch from the catheter distal end. The conductor can be either a conventional ground plate upon which the tissue is supported, or a conductor wire extending through the probe and electrically insulated from the probe wires.

Claims

1. A method for creating a lesion within tissue, comprising the steps of:

connecting proximal ends of a plurality of electrically conductive wires having distal ends to an electrical generator active terminal;

connecting a proximal end of a conductor to a return terminal on the generator;

piercing a body of tissue with the distal ends of the plurality of at least three wires to form the distal ends into an array in a predetermined location in the tissue, wherein the wires define a three-dimensional ablation volume surrounding a tissue mass therebetween;

contacting a distal end of the conductor with the body of tissue to form a closed electrical circuit through the tissue; and

operating the generator to create a lesion of predetermined size and shape within the tissue mass at the location of the array.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of locating the array at a predetermined location by viewing the array via ultrasound imaging apparatus.

3. A method for treating a treatment region within solid tissue of a patient with radio frequency current, said method comprising:

introducing at least three electrodes through tissue to a site proximate a treatment region;

advancing said at least three electrodes from the site into the solid tissue proximate the treatment region, wherein the at least three electrodes define a three-dimensional ablation volume surrounding a tissue mass therebetween; and

establishing radio frequency current flow among the at least three electrodes or between said three electrodes and another electrode to treat the tissue mass.

4. A method as in claim 3, wherein the introducing step comprises penetrating a sheath-obturator assembly to the site, removing the obturator from the sheath, and passing the at least three electrodes through a lumen of the sheath.

5. A method as in claim 4, wherein the at least three electrodes are disposed in a tube having a central lumen when passed through the sheath lumen, and wherein the advancing step comprises advancing said at least three electrodes from the lumen of the tube into tissue disposed distally of the distal ends.

6. A method as in claim 3, wherein the introducing step comprises penetrating an elongate member through solid tissue to the treatment region and wherein the advancing step comprises extending the electrodes from the elongate member.

7. A method as in claim 3, wherein the advancing step comprises introducing an elongate member having a distal tip to the site and extending the at least three electrodes in a diverging pattern from the distal tip of the elongate member, wherein said at least three electrodes are disposed symmetrically about an axis extending from the site into the treatment region.

8. A method as in claim 7, wherein the establishing step comprises applying a radio frequency potential between said at least three electrodes and a common electrode disposed on the elongate member.

9. A method as in claim 3, wherein the establishing step comprises applying a radio frequency potential between said at least three electrodes and a common dispersive plate located externally on the patient.

10. A method as in claim 3, wherein the establishing step comprises applying a radio frequency potential between said at least three electrodes.

11. A method for treating a treatment region within solid tissue of a patient with radio frequency current, said method comprising:

advancing at least three electrodes into the solid tissue from a site adjacent the treatment region, wherein the electrodes assume a three-dimensional pattern in the treatment region, wherein the distal tips of the electrodes are aligned generally in parallel to each other to define a three-dimensional treatment volume therebetween; and

establishing radio frequency current flow among the at least three electrodes or between said at least three electrodes and a common electrode.

12. A method as in claim 11, wherein the advancing step comprises positioning the at least three electrodes symmetrically about an axis extending from the site into the tissue.

13. A method as in claim 12, wherein the at least three electrodes are evenly spaced from each other as they are advanced.

14. A method as in claim 11, wherein the establishing step comprises applying a radio frequency potential between said at least three electrodes and a common dispersion plate located externally on the patient.

15. A method as in claim 11, wherein the establishing step comprises applying a radio frequency potential between said at least three electrodes and a common electrode.

16. A method as in claim 11, wherein the establishing step comprises applying a radio frequency potential between said at least three electrodes.

17. A method as in claim 11, further comprising introducing an elongate member having a distal end through solid tissue to the target site, wherein the electrodes are carried to the target site by the elongate member.

18. A method as in claim 17, wherein the introducing step comprises penetrating a sheath-obturator assembly to the target site, removing the obturator from the sheath, and passing the at least three electrodes through a lumen of the sheath.

19. A method as in claim 17, wherein the at least three electrodes are disposed in a tube having a central lumen, wherein the advancing step comprises advancing said at least three electrodes from the lumen of the tube into tissue disposed distally of the distal end of the elongate member.

20. A method as in claim 17, wherein the introducing step comprises penetrating the distal end of the elongate member through solid tissue to the target site within the treatment region and wherein the advancing step comprises extending the electrodes from the elongate member after said member has penetrated to the target site.