Hybrid vehicle drive system having clutch between engine and synthesizing/distributing mechanism which is operatively connected to motor/generator

• US 5,856,709 A
• Filed: 11/12/1996
• Issued: 01/05/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 11/13/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Matsui, Hideaki, Ibaraki, Ryuji, Taga, Yutaka, Hata, Hiroshi, Mikami, Tsuyoshi, Kubo, Seitoku
• Primary Examiner(s): Ramirez, Nestor
• Assistant Examiner(s): Ponomarenko, Nicholas
• Application Number:
  US08/746,483
• Time in Patent Office: 784 Days
• Field of Search: 290/32, 290/45, 475/5, 180/165, 322/11
• US Class Current: 290/45
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 2006/268 Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 2006/541 without reverse ratio using instead electric reversing
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 5/04 with the engine main axis, e.g. crankshaft axis, transversely to the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/36 characterised by the transmission gearings
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/365 with the gears having orbital motion
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/383 One-way clutches or freewheel devices
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/387 Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/40 characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/48 Parallel type
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/547 the transmission being a stepped gearing
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/02 including control of driveline clutches
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/06 including control of combustion engines
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/08 including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/10 including control of change-speed gearings
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/26 for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/00 Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles hybrid vehicle design, B60K6/00; electric vehicles B60L
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/10 Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/244 Charge state
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2710/025 Clutch slip, i.e. difference between input and output speeds
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 30/18127 Regenerative braking
• CPC Class Codes: B60Y 2400/428 : Double clutch arrangements; Dual clutches
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 2200/0043 : the gear ratios comprising four forward speeds
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 2200/0047 : the gear ratios comprising five forward speeds
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 2200/2005 : with one sets of orbital gears
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 2200/2012 : with four sets of orbital gears
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 2200/2015 : with five sets of orbital gears
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 2200/203 : characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 2200/2051 : with eight engaging means
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 2200/2056 : with ten engaging means
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 2200/2058 : with eleven engaging means
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 2200/2061 : with twelve engaging means
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 3/006 : power being selectively transmitted by either one of the parallel flow paths
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 3/725 : with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 57/02 : Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 61/0206 : Layout of electro-hydraulic control circuits, e.g. arrangement of valves for control of actuators selecting and moving final output members, e.g. shift forks F16H61/2807
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 61/0211 : characterised by low integration or small number of valves
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 61/21 : Providing engine brake control
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 : Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/903 : having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/905 : Combustion engine
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/906 : Motor or generator
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/909 : Gearing
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/91 : Orbital, e.g. planetary gears
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/912 : Drive line clutch
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/913 : One way
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/914 : Actuated, e.g. engaged or disengaged by electrical, hydraulic or mechanical means
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/917 : with transmission for changing gear ratio
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/919 : Stepped shift
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/945 : Characterized by control of gearing, e.g. control of transmission ratio
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/946 : Characterized by control of driveline clutch
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/951 : Assembly or relative location of components

Abstract

A hybrid drive system for a motor vehicle, having an engine operated by combustion of a fuel, an electric energy storage device for storing an electric energy, a motor/generator connected to the electric energy storage device, and a synthesizing/distributing mechanism which includes a first rotary element, a second rotary element connected to the motor/generator, and a third rotary element, and an output member connected to the third rotary element, wherein a first clutch is provided for connecting the first rotary element and the engine, and a second clutch is provided for connecting two elements of the first, second and third rotary elements of the synthesizing/distributing mechanism, for rotation of the two elements as a unit.

Claims

1. A hybrid drive system for a motor vehicle, comprising:

an engine operated by combustion of a fuel;

an electric energy storage device for storing an electric energy;

a motor/generator connected to said electric energy storage device;

a first clutch;

a synthesizing/distributing mechanism consisting of a single planetary gear set including a ring gear as a first rotary element connected to said engine through said first clutch, a sun gear as a second rotary element connected to said motor/generator, a carrier as a third rotary element, and an output member connected to said third rotary element; and

a second clutch for connecting two elements of said first, second and third rotary elements of said single planetary gear set, for rotation of said two elements as a unit.

2. A hybrid drive system according to claim 1, wherein said motor/generator functions as a drive power source for driving said motor vehicle, an electric generator operated by said engine to charge said electric energy storage device, an electric generator operated with a kinetic energy of the motor vehicle to charge said electric energy storage device and apply regenerative brake to the motor vehicle, and an auxiliary drive power source assisting said engine during running of the vehicle with said engine.

3. A hybrid drive system according to claim 1, further comprising first operation mode control means for releasing said first clutch, engaging said second clutch, and operating said motor/generator as a drive power source to drive the motor vehicle.

4. A hybrid drive system according to claim 1, further comprising second operation mode control means for engaging both of said first and second clutches, placing said motor/generator in a non-load state, and operating said engine as a drive power source to drive the motor vehicle.

5. A hybrid drive system according to claim 1, further comprising third operation mode control means for engaging both of said first and second clutches, and operating said engine as a drive power source to drive the motor vehicle while said motor/generator is driven by said engine to charge said electric energy storage device.

6. A hybrid drive system according to claim 1, further comprising fourth operation mode control means for engaging both of said first and second clutches, and operating both of said engine and said motor/generator as drive power sources to drive the motor vehicle.

7. A hybrid drive system according to claim 1, further comprising fifth operation mode control means for engaging said first clutch, releasing said second clutch, and increasing a reaction force of said motor/generator from zero to start the motor vehicle.

8. A hybrid drive system according to claim 7, wherein said fifth operation mode control means increases an output of said engine with an increase in said reaction force of said motor/generator.

9. A hybrid drive system according to claim 7, wherein said synthesizing/distributing mechanism comprises a planetary gear device which includes a ring gear as said first rotary element, a sun gear as said second rotary element, and a carrier as said third rotary element, and wherein a torque capacity of said motor/generator is about ρ

times a maximum torque of said engine, where ρ

is a ratio of the number of teeth of said sun gear to the number of teeth of said ring gear.

10. A hybrid drive system according to claim 1, further comprising sixth operation mode control means for releasing said first clutch, engaging said second clutch, and causing said motor/generator to be driven by a kinetic energy of the motor vehicle to charge said electric energy storage device while applying regenerative brake to the motor vehicle.

11. A hybrid drive system according to claim 1, further comprising seventh operation mode control means for engaging said first clutch, releasing said second clutch, operating said engine and placing said motor/generator in a non-load state so as to establish electrical neutrality thereof.

12. A hybrid drive system according to claim 1, further comprising eighth operation mode control means for engaging both of said first and second clutches, placing said motor/generator in a non-load state, and turning off said engine, so as to apply engine brake to the motor vehicle.

13. A hybrid drive system according to claim 1, further comprising ninth operation mode control means for engaging said first clutch, and operating said motor/generator to start said engine through said synthesizing/distributing mechanism.

14. A hybrid drive system according to claim 3, wherein said first operation mode control means is operated when a currently required output of the hybrid drive system is not larger than a predetermined threshold, while an amount of electric energy stored in said electric energy storage device is not smaller than a predetermined threshold.

15. A hybrid drive system according to claim 4, wherein said second operation mode control means is operated when a currently required output of the hybrid drive system is within a predetermined range while an amount of electric energy stored in said electric energy storage device is not smaller than a predetermined threshold, or operated when said currently required output is larger than an upper limit of said predetermined range while said amount of electric energy stored in said electric energy storage device is smaller than said predetermined threshold.

16. A hybrid drive system according to claim 5, wherein said third operation mode control means is operated when a currently required output of the hybrid drive system is not larger than a predetermined threshold while an amount of electric energy stored in said electric energy storage device is smaller than a predetermined threshold.

17. A hybrid drive system according to claim 6, wherein said fourth operation mode control means is operated when a currently required output of the hybrid drive system is larger than a predetermined threshold while an amount of electric energy stored in said electric energy storage device is not smaller than a predetermined threshold.

18. A hybrid drive system according to claim 7, wherein said fifth operation mode control means is operated to start the motor vehicle with said engine as a drive power source.

19. A hybrid drive system according to claim 7, wherein said fifth operation mode control means controls a regenerative braking torque of said motor/generator to increase said reaction force, and is operated when an amount of electric energy stored in said electric energy storage device is not larger than a predetermined threshold.

20. A hybrid drive system according to claim 10, wherein said sixth operation mode control means is operated when the motor vehicle is required to be braked while an amount of electric energy stored in said electric energy storage device is smaller than a predetermined threshold.

21. A hybrid drive system according to claim 11, wherein said seventh operation mode control means is operated when the motor vehicle is stopped during running thereof with said engine.

22. A hybrid drive system according to claim 12, wherein said eighth operation mode control means is operated when the motor vehicle is required to be braked while an amount of electric energy stored in said electric energy storage device is not smaller than a predetermined threshold.

23. A hybrid drive system according to claim 1, wherein said synthesizing/distributing mechanism comprises a planetary gear device which includes a ring gear as said first rotary element, a sun gear as said second rotary element, and a carrier as said third rotary element, said hybrid drive system further comprising a brake for inhibiting rotation of said ring gear.

24. A hybrid drive system according to claim 23, further comprising tenth operation mode control means for releasing both of said first and second clutches, engaging said brake, and boosting a torque of said motor/generator by said planetary gear device so that the boosted torque is transmitted to said output member.

25. A hybrid drive system according to 24, wherein said tenth operation mode control means is operated to start the motor vehicle with said motor/generator as a drive power source.

26. A hybrid drive system according to claim 1, wherein said synthesizing/distributing mechanism comprises a planetary gear device which includes a ring gear as said first rotary element, a sun gear as said second rotary element, and a carrier as said third rotary element, said hybrid drive system further comprising a one-way clutch for permitting rotation of said ring gear in the same direction as said engine and inhibiting rotation of said ring gear in a direction opposite to a direction of rotation of said engine.

27. A hybrid drive system according to claim 1, wherein said engine, said synthesizing/distributing mechanism, and said motor/generator are arranged in the order of description, coaxially with a first axis, said hybrid drive system further comprising a differential gear device for distributing power received from said output member to a right wheel and a left wheel of the motor vehicle, said differential gear device including a pair of output shafts which are parallel to said first axis, an input member disposed at substantially the same position as said output member in an axial direction of said first axis, and a differential gear mechanism disposed at substantially the same position as said synthesizing/distributing mechanism in said axial direction.

28. A hybrid drive system according to claim 1, wherein said second clutch connects said sun gear and said carrier.

29. A hybrid drive system for a motor vehicle, comprising:

an engine operated by combustion of a fuel;

an electric energy storage device for storing an electric energy;

a motor/generator connected to said electric energy storage device;

a first clutch;

a synthesizing/distributing mechanism including a first rotary element connected to said engine through said first clutch, a second rotary element connected to said motor/generator, a third rotary element, and an output member connected to said third rotary element; and

a second clutch for connecting two elements of said first, second and third rotary elements of said synthesizing/distributing mechanism, for rotation of said two elements as a unit,

and wherein said synthesizing/distributing mechanism comprises a planetary gear device which includes a ring gear as said first rotary element, a sun gear as said second rotary element, and a carrier as said third rotary element, said motor/generator having a torque capacity which is about ρ

times a maximum torque of said engine, where ρ

is a ratio of the number of teeth of said sun gear to the number of teeth of said ring gear.

30. A hybrid drive system for a motor vehicle, comprising:

an engine operated by combustion of a fuel;

an electric energy storage device for storing an electric energy;

a motor/generator connected to said electric energy storage device;

a first clutch;

a synthesizing/distributing mechanism including a first rotary element connected to said engine through said first clutch, a second rotary element connected to said motor/generator, a third rotary element, and an output member connected to said third rotary element, said synthesizing/distributing mechanism comprising a planetary gear device which includes a ring gear as said first rotary element, a sun gear as said second rotary element, and a carrier as said third rotary element;

a second clutch for connecting two elements of said first, second and third rotary elements of said synthesizing/distributing mechanism, for rotation of said two elements as a unit; and

a brake for inhibiting rotation of said ring gear.

31. A hybrid drive system for a motor vehicle, comprising:

an engine operated by combustion of a fuel;

an electric energy storage device for storing an electric energy;

a motor/generator connected to said electric energy storage device;

a first clutch;

a synthesizing/distributing mechanism including a first rotary element connected to said engine through said first clutch, a second rotary element connected to said motor/generator, a third rotary element, and an output member connected to said third rotary element, said synthesizing/distributing mechanism comprising a planetary gear device which includes a ring gear as said first rotary element, a sun gear as said second rotary element, and a carrier as said third rotary element;

a second clutch for connecting two elements of said first, second and third rotary elements of said synthesizing/distributing mechanism, for rotation of said two elements as a unit; and

a one-way clutch for permitting rotation of said ring gear in the same direction as said engine and inhibiting rotation of said ring gear in a direction opposite to a direction of rotation of said engine.

32. A hybrid drive system for a motor vehicle, comprising:

an engine operated by combustion of a fuel;

an electric energy storage device for storing an electric energy;

a motor/generator connected to said electric energy storage device;

a first clutch;

a synthesizing/distributing mechanism including a first rotary element connected to said engine through said first clutch, a second rotary element connected to said motor/generator, a third rotary element, and an output member connected to said third rotary element; and

a second clutch for connecting two elements of said first, second and third rotary elements of said synthesizing/distributing mechanism, for rotation of said two elements as a unit,

and wherein said engine, said synthesizing/distributing mechanism, and said motor/generator are arranged in the order of description, coaxially with a first axis, said hybrid drive system further comprising a differential gear device for distributing power received from said output member to a right wheel and a left wheel of the motor vehicle, said differential gear device including a pair of output shafts which are parallel to said first axis, an input member disposed at substantially the same position as said output member in an axial direction of said first axis, and a differential gear mechanism disposed at substantially the same position as said synthesizing/distributing mechanism in said axial direction.