OFDM digital communications system using complementary codes

• US 5,862,182 A
• Filed: 07/30/1996
• Issued: 01/19/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 07/30/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Avago Technologies General IP PTE Limited (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Lucent Technologies, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Awater, Geert Arnout, Kamerman, Adriaan, Krishnakumar, Anjur Sundaresan, van Nee, Didier J. R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Chin, Stephen
• Assistant Examiner(s): Liu, Shuwang
• Application Number:
  US08/688,574
• Time in Patent Office: 903 Days
• Field of Search: 375/370, 375/279, 375/209, 375/240, 375/214, 375/251, 375/200, 375/329, 375/373, 375/242, 370/209, 370/201, 342/201, 342/353, 342/134
• US Class Current: 375/279
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 13/10 Code generation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 23/02 adapted for orthogonal signalling
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2602 Signal structure
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2617 using block codes
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2621 Reduction thereof using phase offsets between subcarriers

Abstract

The encoding/transmission of information in an OFDM system is enhanced by using complementary codes. The complementary codes, more particularly, are converted into phase vectors and the resulting phase vectors are then used to modulate respective carrier signals. The modulated result is then transmitted to a receiver which decodes the received signals to recover the encoded information.

Claims

1. A method of encoding data for transmission to a receiver comprising the steps of

selecting a kernel code formed from a predetermined number of bits and applying independent phase rotations, φ

_i, to each of said bits as a function of a predetermined transformation to generate respective complementary codes, θ

_i,

associating a predetermined number of groups of stored bits with respective ones of said phase rotations, and

converting the complementary codes into complex vectors, and

modulating carrier signals using respective ones of said vectors and transmitting the result to a receiver.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said transformation comprises a number of rows corresponding to the number of said independent phase rotations and a number of columns corresponding to said predetermined number of groups, and wherein said step of applying includes the step of applying the phase rotations forming said columns to respective ones of said bits to form said vectors.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of associating includes the steps of encoding each of said groups of bits as respective phase angles in accordance with gray scale encoding and associating the encoded phase angles with predetermined ones of said phase rotations forming said complementary codes.

4. The method of claim 1 further comprising at said receiver the steps of

receiving a composite signal of the modulated signals transmitted by said transmitter and regenerating individual ones of said vectors as a function of the received composite signal,

applying said kernel code to said regenerated vectors,

generating a number of vectors, y_i, from pairs of elements forming the regenerated vectors, in which one element in each of said pairs is taken as a complex conjugate so that said one element may be subtracted from the other element of the respective pair of elements, said pairing of said elements being performed in accordance with the contents of a predetermined matrix,

deriving a respective one of said phase rotations as a function of each subtracted result forming a respective one of said vectors, y_i, said vectors, y_i, being associated with respective ones of said phase rotations, φ

_i, and

deriving each phase rotation, φ

_n, not associated with a respective vector as a function of the derived phase rotations and a complementary code, θ

_k, formed in part by that phase rotation, φ

_n.

5. The method of claim 4 further comprising the steps of identifying the groups of bits respectively associated with the derived phase rotations.

6. A method of encoding data for transmission to a receiver, said method comprising the steps of

encoding data words that are to be transmitted to said receiver into respective constellation symbols,

generating a plurality of complementary codes as a function of a selected kernel code and a predetermined transformation matrix of said constellation symbols, and

modulating a plurality of carrier signals with vectors representing respective ones of said complementary codes and transmitting said carrier signals to said receiver.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein said transformation matrix comprises a number of rows corresponding to the number of said constellation symbols and a number of columns corresponding to the number of said complementary codes.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein said step of encoding includes the steps of encoding each of said data words into respective phase angles in accordance with gray scale encoding and associating the encoded phase angles with predetermined ones of said constellation symbols.

9. The method of claim 7 further comprising at said receiver the steps of

receiving a composite signal of the modulated carrier signals transmitted by said transmitter and regenerating individual ones of said vectors as a function of the received composite signal,

applying said kernel code to said regenerated vectors to generate vector elements representing individual ones of said complementary codes,

forming, in accordance with a predetermined encoding matrix, pairs of said elements and associating individual ones of said pairs with respective ones of said constellation symbols, in which one element in each of said pairs is taken as a complex conjugate so that said one element may be subtracted from the other element of the respective pair of elements,

deriving individual ones of said constellation symbols as a function of the subtracted result obtained from the associated ones of said pairs of elements, and

deriving each constellation symbol, φ

_n, not associated with any one of said pairs as a function of the derived constellation symbols and a complementary code, θ

_k, formed in part by that constellation symbol, φ

_n.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein said constellation symbols represent respective phase angles, and wherein said step of deriving as a function of the subtracted result includes the steps of determining an angle for each said subtracted result and associating the determined angle with that one of the phase angles that is closest to the determined angle to determine a respective one of the constellation symbols.

11. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of identifying the data words respectively associated with the derived constellation symbols.

12. A transmitter for transmitting encoded data to a receiver, said transmitter comprising

an encoder that encodes data words that are to be transmitted to said receiver into respective constellation symbols,

a generator that generates a plurality of complementary codes as a function of a selected kernel code and a predetermined transformation matrix of said constellation symbols, and

a modulator that modulates a plurality of carrier signals with vectors representing respective ones of said complementary codes and transmitting said carrier signals to said receiver.

13. A receiver for receiving encoded data from a transmitter, said receiver comprising

apparatus that receives a composite signal of a plurality of signals transmitted by said transmitter and regenerating individual signal vectors as a function of the received composite signal,

apparatus that applies a predetermined kernel code to said regenerated vectors to generate vector elements representing individual ones of said complementary codes,

apparatus that forms, in accordance with a predetermined encoding matrix, pairs of said elements and associating individual ones of said pairs with respective ones of constellation symbols, in which one element in each of said pair is taken as a complex conjugate so that said one element may be subtracted from the other element of the respective pair of elements,

apparatus that determines individual ones of said constellation symbols as a function of the subtracted result obtained from the associated ones of said pairs of elements, and

apparatus that determines each constellation symbol, φ

_n, not associated with any one of said pairs as a function of the derived constellation symbols and a complementary code, θ

_k, formed in part by that constellation symbol, φ

_n.