Method and apparatus for in-camera image marking and authentication

• US 5,862,218 A
• Filed: 04/04/1996
• Issued: 01/19/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 04/04/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: FlashPoint Technology, Inc.
• Original Assignee: FotoNation Inc. (Adeia, Inc.)
• Inventors: Steinberg, Eran
• Primary Examiner(s): Buczinski, Stephen C.
• Application Number:
  US08/627,441
• Time in Patent Office: 1,020 Days
• Field of Search: 380/10, 380/18, 380/23, 380/54, 348/231, 348/233, 348/552
• US Class Current: 713/176
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0028 Adaptive watermarking, e.g. Human Visual System [HVS]-based watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32101 Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32122 in a separate device, e.g. in a memory or on a display separate from image data
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32128 attached to the image data, e.g. file header, transmitted message header, information on the same page or in the same computer file as the image for information embedded in the image H04N1/32144
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32144 embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32256 in halftone data
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32309 in colour image data
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/4413 involving the use of passwords, ID codes or the like, e.g. PIN
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/444 to a particular document or image or part thereof
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/4486 using digital data encryption
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/23892 involving embedding information at multiplex stream level, e.g. embedding a watermark at packet level
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/8358 involving watermark protecting executable software by watermarking G06F21/16; image watermarking in general G06T1/0021; watermarks inserted in still images for transmission purposes H04N1/32144; inserting watermarks during video coding H04N19/467
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2101/00 Still video cameras
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3233 of authentication information, e.g. digital signature, watermark
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3236 Details of authentication information generation
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3274 Storage or retrieval of prestored additional information
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/77 between a recording apparatus and a television camera
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/772 the recording apparatus and the television camera being placed in the same enclosure
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/167 Systems rendering the television signal unintelligible and subsequently intelligible

Abstract

A camera with a built in microprocessor system programmed to receive an input password and indicium from a host computer. The camera is configured to use the indicium in combination with a conversion formula to mark an original acquired image in a non-destructive manner to form modified image data and add the indicium to an image header. The camera also creates image authentication data for comparison with corresponding data of a questionable second image to determine if the second image is the same as or different from the original image. This process of marking and creating authentication data all occur during acquisition and prior to any image data storage in a medium from which a person could subsequently access data. The camera takes the authentication data and stores it along with the marked image data in memory for subsequent transmission to the host computer. The preferred embodiment of the authentication involves the creation of checksum data, involving the addition of pixel values from each image row and each image column. These sums are then stored in a lookup table for future use in comparing with the result of the same checksum calculation done on questionable image data at a future time. The original image can be viewed only through presentation of the password.

Claims

1. A method of image authentication using a digital camera comprising the steps of:

(a) initializing an authentication system in the digital camera with a user programmable encryption password;

(b) acquiring original image data with the digital camera;

(c) creating with the authentication system within the digital camera first authentication data from said original image data, said first authentication data for the purpose of comparing with second authentication data created from second image data in order to determine if said second image data is identical to said original image data; and

(d) encrypting with the authentication system within the digital camera said first authentication data to create encrypted first authentication data and associating the encrypted first authentication data with the original image data for output from the digital camera, whereby the first authentication data is inaccessible from the digital camera in unencrypted form and the original image data is inaccessible from the digital camera without its associated encrypted first authentication data.

2. A method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:

(a) transferring said encrypted first authentication data to an external device;

(b) decrypting said encrypted first authentication data in response to a user presentation of said password to form said first authentication data; and

(c) comparing said first authentication data with said second authentication data to determine if said second image data is identical to said original image data.

3. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein said password is received from an external device.

4. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein said creating and said encrypting take place during said acquiring original image data, whereby there is no step allowing storage of unencrypted said first authentication data in a form from which an unauthorized person could obtain access to said first authentication data.

5. A method as recited in claim 2 wherein said creating said first authentication data includes

a) performing a first row calculation according to a predetermined formula on groups of one or more rows of pixels to form a first set of row authentication data;

and

b) performing a first column calculation according to a predetermined formula on groups of one or more columns of pixels to form a first set of column authentication data,

whereby said first set of row data can be compared with a second set of row data resulting from a row calculation performed on said second image data, and said first set of column data can be compared with a second set of column data resulting from a column calculation performed on said second image data, and the location of an alteration in said second image data is determined by the intersection of an altered group of rows of said second set of row data with an altered group of columns of said second set of column data.

6. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein said first authentication data is checksum data.

7. A method as recited in claim 6 wherein said checksum data is prepared by adding color numbers of selected groups of rows and columns of said original image data, and by storing values of said rows and columns of said original image data in a lookup table.

8. A method of marking an image in a digital camera comprising the steps of:

(a) initializing a marking system in the digital camera with indicium data used in marking the image and a user programmable encryption password;

(b) acquiring original image data with the digital camera;

(c) converting with the marking system within the digital camera said original image data to marked image data, said converting taking place within said digital camera and including use of said indicium data and a conversion formula to convert said original image data to said marked image data; and

(d) encrypting with the marking system within the digital camera said indicium data to create encrypted indicium data and associating the encrypted indicium data with the marked image data for output from the digital camera, whereby the original image data is inaccessible from the digital camera but may be recovered from the marked image data after decryption of the encrypted indicium data.

9. A method as recited in claim 8 further comprising:

receiving said password by said digital camera from an external device.

10. A digital camera providing image authentication comprising:

(a) an authentication system in the camera, the authentication system being user programmable with a user selected encryption password;

(b) means for acquiring original image data;

(c) means for creating with the authentication system within the camera first authentication data from original image data, said first authentication data for the purpose of comparing with second authentication data created from second image data in order to determine if said second image data is identical to said original image data; and

(d) means for encrypting with the authentication system within the camera said first authentication data to create encrypted first authentication data and for associating the encrypted first authentication data with the original image data for output from the camera, whereby the first authentication data is inaccessible from the camera in unencrypted form and the original image data is inaccessible from the camera without its associated encrypted first authentication data.

11. A digital camera as recited in claim 10 further comprising:

means for transferring said encrypted first authentication data to an external device.

12. A digital camera as recited in claim 10 further comprising:

means for receiving said password from an external device.

13. A digital camera as recited in claim 10 wherein said first authentication data is held temporarily in register means prior to said encrypting, whereby there is no first authentication step allowing storage of unencrypted data in a form from which an unauthorized person could obtain access to said first authentication data.

14. A digital camera as recited in claim 11 wherein said means for creating said first authentication data includes

a) means for performing a first row calculation according to a predetermined formula on groups of one or more rows of pixels to form a first set of row authentication data;

and

b) means for performing a first column calculation according to a predetermined formula on groups of one or more columns of pixels to form a first set of column authentication data,

whereby in said external device said first set of row data can be compared with a second set of row data resulting from a row calculation performed on said second image data, and said first set of column data can be compared with a second set of column data resulting from a column calculation performed on said second image data, and the location of an alteration in said second image data is determined by the intersection of an altered group of rows of said second set of row data with an altered group of columns of said second set of column data.

15. A digital camera as recited in claim 10 wherein said first authentication data is checksum data.

16. A digital camera as recited in claim 15 wherein said means for creating first authentication data includes means for preparing said checksum data by adding color numbers of selected groups of rows and columns of said original image data, and by storing values of said rows and columns of said original image data in a lookup table.

17. A digital camera for securely marking an image comprising:

(a) a marking system in the camera, the marking system providing indicium data used to mark the image and being user programmable with a user selected encryption password;

(b) means for acquiring original image data;

(c) means for converting with the marking system within the camera said original image data to marked image data, said means for converting including use of said indicium data and a conversion formula to convert said original image data to said marked image data; and

(d) means for encrypting with the marking system within the camera said indicium data to create encrypted indicium data and for associating the encrypted indicium data with the marked image data for output from the camera, whereby the original image data is inaccessible from the camera but may be recovered from the marked image data after decryption of the encrypted indicium data.

18. A digital camera as recited in claim 17 further comprising:

means for receiving said password from an external device.