Hybrid vehicle

• US 5,865,263 A
• Filed: 02/23/1996
• Issued: 02/02/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 02/28/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Kabushikikaisha Equos Research
• Original Assignee: Kabushikikaisha Equos Research
• Inventors: Yamauchi, Yoshikazu, Nakashima, Hideki, Yamaguchi, Kozo
• Primary Examiner(s): Johnson, Brian L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): VANAMAN, FRANK BENNETT
• Application Number:
  US08/609,762
• Time in Patent Office: 1,075 Days
• Field of Search: 180/65.2, 180/65.3, 180/65.4, 180/65.6, 180/65.8, 364/424.026, 123/179.3
• US Class Current: 180/65.235
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 2006/268 Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 2006/4833 Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/365 with the gears having orbital motion
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/445 Differential gearing distribution type
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/448 Electrical distribution type
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/48 Parallel type
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 15/20 for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/12 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/421 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/423 Torque
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/441 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/443 Torque
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/445 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/486 Operating parameters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/26 by pedal actuation
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/16 with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/61 by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/12 responding to state of charge [SoC]
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/04 including control of propulsion units
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/06 including control of combustion engines
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/08 : including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/26 : for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/00 : Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles hybrid vehicle design, B60K6/00; electric vehicles B60L
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/0676 : Engine temperature
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/244 : Charge state
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2520/10 : Longitudinal speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2710/081 : Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2710/083 : Torque
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/40 : Engine management systems
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 : Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 : Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 : Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 : Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 : Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/903 : having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/91 : Orbital, e.g. planetary gears

Abstract

A hybrid vehicle has an engine and a generator/motor connected through a planetary gear unit to an output shaft and the output of the engine is distributed between the generator and the output shaft. The vehicle is smoothly started by a driving motor. When vehicle speed V reaches an engine starting speed V*, the speed of generator/motor is changed to cause the engine to rotate, the engine is ignited and driving continues with the output torque produced by the engine supplemented by the driving motor. The hybrid vehicle allows for a smooth start and improved driving comfort even if an engine interruption scheme for halting the engine is employed, for example, halting the vehicle while waiting for a traffic signal to change.

Claims

1. A hybrid vehicle comprising:

an engine;

a drive shaft connected with drive wheels;

a generator/motor rotatable in a negative direction as a generator and in a positive direction as a motor;

a driving motor;

driving motor control means for controlling said driving motor;

a differential gear device having a first element connected to said generator/motor, a second element connected to said engine, and a third element connected to said drive shaft;

vehicle speed detection means for detecting vehicle speed; and

vehicle control means for powering the vehicle by said drawing motor alone when the vehicle speed detected by said vehicle speed detection means is lower than a predetermined starting vehicle speed, and for starting said engine by changing the rotation of said generator/motor from the negative direction to the positive direction when the vehicle speed has exceeded the predetermined starting vehicle speed during the powering by said driving motor alone.

2. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 1, wherein said driving motor control means controls said driving motor to output a compensatory torque to compensate for torque used to rotate the engine in starting said engine.

3. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 2, wherein said vehicle control means signals said driving motor control means to control said driving motor to output a total torque equal to the sum of said compensatory torque and a driving torque for said powering of the vehicle.

4. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 3, wherein said vehicle control system calculates an output torque of said generator/motor, and computes the compensatory torque based on the calculated output torque.

5. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 3, wherein said vehicle control system computes said compensatory torque based on an output torque and a rotational speed of said generator/motor.

6. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising residual charge detection means for detecting residual charge of a battery, said battery supplying electric power to said driving motor, and wherein said vehicle control means changes the predetermined starting vehicle speed based on the residual charge of the battery which is detected by said residual charge detection means.

7. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 1, wherein said vehicle control means starts said engine on the condition that a temperature of catalyst for treating exhaust gas from said engine exceeds a predetermined temperature.

8. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 1, wherein said vehicle control means starts said engine on the condition that a temperature of said engine exceeds a predetermined temperature.

9. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 1, wherein said vehicle control means starts said engine on the conditions that a temperature of catalyst for treating exhaust gas from said engine exceeds a first predetermined temperature, and a temperature of said engine exceeds a second predetermined temperature.

10. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 1, wherein said vehicle control means starts said engine on the condition that a temperature of said engine exceeds a predetermined temperature.

11. A hybrid vehicle, having an engine, a driving motor, a generator/motor, and a drive shaft connected with drive wheels, in which the output torque of the engine is input to a stator of the generator, is transferred to a rotor of the generator and is then transferred to the drive shaft, said generator/motor being rotatable in a negative direction as a generator and in a positive direction as a motor, said hybrid vehicle comprising:

driving motor control means for controlling the driving motor;

vehicle speed detection means for detecting vehicle speed; and

vehicle control means for powering the vehicle by said driving motor alone when the vehicle speed detected by said vehicle speed detection means is lower than a predetermined starting vehicle speed, and for starting said engine by changing the rotation of said generator/motor from in the negative direction to in the positive direction when the vehicle speed has exceeded the predetermined starting vehicle speed during the driving by said driving motor alone.

12. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 11, wherein said driving motor control means controls said driving motor to output a compensatory torque to compensate for drag on said generator/motor caused by starting said engine.

13. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 12, wherein said vehicle control means signals said driving motor control means to control said driving motor to output a total torque equal to the sum of said compensatory torque and a driving torque for said powering of the vehicle.

14. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 13, wherein said vehicle control system calculates an output torque of said generator/motor, and computes the compensatory torque based on the calculated output torque.

15. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 12, wherein said vehicle control system computes said compensatory torque based on an output torque and a rotational speed of said generator/motor.

16. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 11, further comprising residual charge detection means for detecting residual charge of a battery, said battery supplying electric power to said driving motor, and wherein said vehicle control means changes the predetermined starting vehicle speed based on the residual charge of the battery which is detected by said residual charge detection means.

17. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 11, wherein said vehicle control means starts said engine on the condition that a temperature of catalyst for treating exhaust gas from said engine exceeds a predetermined temperature.

18. A method for controlling a hybrid vehicle having an engine, a drive shaft connected with drive wheels, a generator/motor, a driving motor and a differential gear device having a first element connected to the generator/motor, a second element connected to the engine, and a third element connected to the drive shaft, comprising the steps of:

starting the vehicle forward from standstill under power of the driving motor alone;

rotating the engine under power of the generator/motor when the vehicle reaches a predetermined speed; and

increasing torque output of the driving motor to compensate for drag on the generator/motor caused by said rotating of the engine.

19. A method for controlling a hybrid vehicle having an engine, a drive shaft connected with drive wheels, a generator/motor, a driving motor and a differential gear device having a first element connected to the generator/motor, a second element connected to the engine, and a third element connected to the drive shaft, comprising the steps of:

starting the vehicle forward from standstill under power of the driving motor alone;

rotating the engine under power of the generator/motor when the vehicle reaches a predetermined speed;

starting the engine when engine speed exceeds an engine speed predetermined to allow the engine to ignite; and

increasing torque output of the driving motor to compensate for drag on the generator/motor caused by said rotating of the engine.