Sterilization of fermentation vessels by ethanol/water mixtures

• US 5,868,997 A
• Filed: 03/20/1991
• Issued: 02/09/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 03/20/1991
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: The United States of America As Represented By The Secretary of Agriculture
• Original Assignee: Midwest Research Institute
• Inventors: Wyman, Charles E.
• Primary Examiner(s): MCMAHON, TIMOTHY M
• Application Number:
  US07/672,286
• Time in Patent Office: 2,883 Days
• Field of Search: 422/27, 422/28, 422/31, 422/32, 422/33, 426/9, 426/532, 426/592
• US Class Current: 422/28
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 2/18 Liquid substances or solutions comprising solids or dissolved gases
• CPC Class Codes: C12M 21/12 for producing fuels or solvents C12M21/04 takes precedence; liquid carbonaceous fuels C10L1/00, solid fuels C10L5/00
• CPC Class Codes: C12M 29/06 Nozzles; Sprayers; Spargers; Diffusers per se B01F23/231, B01J19/26
• CPC Class Codes: C12M 37/00 Means for sterilizing, maintaining sterile conditions or avoiding chemical or biological contamination C12M23/38 takes precedence; filtration in general and filters per se B01D24/00-B01D41/00; autoclaves B01J3/04; treatment of microorganisms with electrical or wave energy C12N13/00
• CPC Class Codes: C12M 43/02 Bioreactors or fermenters combined with devices for liquid fuel extraction; Biorefineries
• CPC Class Codes: C12M 47/10 Separation or concentration of fermentation products bioreactors combined with means for distillation or extraction of liquid fuel C12M43/02
• CPC Class Codes: C12M 47/12 Purification C12M47/04 takes precedence

Abstract

A method for sterilizing process fermentation vessels with a concentrated alcohol and water mixture integrated in a fuel alcohol or other alcohol production facility. Hot, concentrated alcohol is drawn from a distillation or other purification stage and sprayed into the empty fermentation vessels. This sterilizing alcohol/water mixture should be of a sufficient concentration, preferably higher than 12% alcohol by volume, to be toxic to undesirable microorganisms. Following sterilization, this sterilizing alcohol/water mixture can be recovered back into the same distillation or other purification stage from which it was withdrawn. The process of this invention has its best application in, but is not limited to, batch fermentation processes, wherein the fermentation vessels must be emptied, cleaned, and sterilized following completion of each batch fermentation process.

Claims

1. A method of sterilizing a fermentation vessel used in a batch fermentation process that includes an associated alcohol distillation or purification facility for purifying alcohol produced in the fermentation vessel to a higher alcohol concentration, wherein said fermentation vessel is intermittently emptied of fermented product, including alcohol, and cleaned, comprising the steps of:

withdrawing a sterilizing alcohol in aqueous solution from the distillation or purification facility with a sufficient concentration of alcohol to kill undesirable microorganisms;

sterilizing said emptied and cleaned fermentation vessel by introducing only said sterilizing alcohol in aqueous solution into the fermentation vessel;

withdrawing said sterilizing alcohol in aqueous solution from the fermentation vessel following the sterilization of said fermentation vessel and returning the sterilizing alcohol in aqueous solution to said distillation or purification facility.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the emptied and cleaned fermentation vessel is used for the fermentation of alcohol.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the emptied and cleaned fermentation vessel is used for the fermentation of products other than alcohol.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the sterilizing alcohol in aqueous solution is heated to near the alcohol'"'"'s boiling point.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of introducing the alcohol in aqueous solution further comprises spraying the alcohol in aqueous solution into the fermentation vessel.

6. The method of claim 1, including the steps of leaving said sterilizing alcohol in said fermentation vessel after sterilizing the fermentation vessel, introducing a new batch of feedstock to be fermented into said fermentation vessel, allowing said feedstock to be fermented in said fermentation vessel to produce additional alcohol, and then withdrawing said sterilizing alcohol from the fermentation vessel and returning it to the distillation or purification facility along with the fermented feedstock and said additional alcohol.

7. In a batch alcohol producing process wherein successive batches of feedstock are placed sequentially into a fermentation vessel and fermented in the fermentation vessel by alcohol producing microorganisms to produce successive batches of a fermented mixture having a low alcohol concentration not exceeding about 12% alcohol by volume and wherein each successive batch of said fermented mixture is fed into a distillation process in which liquid containing alcohol in said mixture is distilled to a higher concentration alcohol/water solution exceeding 12% alcohol by volume and wherein the interior of the fermentation vessel is sterilized to kill undesirable microorganisms between successive batches, the improvement comprising the steps of:

withdrawing a portion of the alcohol containing liquid that has been distilled to an alcohol concentration above 12% alcohol content from the distillation process;

recirculating said withdrawn portion of alcohol containing liquid back into said fermentation vessel to sterilize the fermentation vessel and kill undesirable microorganisms in the fermentation vessel with only said withdrawn portion of alcohol containing liquid; and

returning said withdrawn portion of alcohol containing liquid back into said distillation process.

8. The improvement of claim 7, including the step of spraying said withdrawn portion of alcohol containing liquid into the interior of said fermentation vessel.

9. The improvement of claim 7, including the step of spraying said withdrawn portion of alcohol containing liquid into said fermentation vessel at a temperature hot enough to enhance vaporization of the alcohol in the fermentation vessel.

10. The improvement of claim 7, including the step of spraying enough of said withdrawn portion of alcohol containing liquid into said fermentation vessel to substantially wash killed microorganisms off the interior walls of the fermentation vessel.

11. The improvement of claim 10, including the step of separating killed microorganisms from said alcohol containing liquid in the distillation process.

12. The improvement of claim 7, including the steps of distilling said alcohol/water solution to a plurality of successive stages of sequentially higher concentrations of alcohol, withdrawing said portion of alcohol containing liquid from one of said stages, and, after said recirculating step, returning said withdrawn portion of alcohol containing liquid back into substantially the stage of the distillation process from which it is withdrawn.

13. The improvement of claim 7, including the steps of distilling said alcohol/water solution to a plurality of successive stages of sequentially higher concentrations of alcohol, withdrawing said portion of alcohol containing liquid from one of said stages, and, after said recirculating step, returning said withdrawn portion of alcohol containing liquid back into the distillation process at a stage of the distillation process that precedes the stage from which it is withdrawn.

14. The improvement of claim 7, including the steps of introducing a new batch of feedstock into said fermentation vessel after said step of recirculating said withdrawn portion of alcohol containing liquid back into said fermentation vessel to sterilize and kill undesirable microorganisms, fermenting said new batch of feedstock to produce additional alcohol, and then returning said withdrawn portion of alcohol containing liquid back into said distillation process along with said fermented new batch of feedstock and said additional alcohol.

15. A process for producing alcohol, comprising the steps of:

placing a batch of fermentable feedstock or substrate in a fermentation vessel with water and alcohol producing fungi;

allowing the fungi to ferment the feedstock or substrate to produce a mixture having a liquid fraction comprising alcohol and water and a solid fraction comprising residual solid by-products of the fermentation process, with the alcohol and water in the liquid fraction having a concentration not exceeding an approximate maximum of twelve percent (12%) alcohol by volume;

removing the liquid and solid fractions from the fermentation vessel;

separating the solid fraction from the liquid fraction;

distilling the liquid fraction to produce a higher purity alcohol product having an alcohol/water concentration of higher than twelve percent (12%) alcohol by volume;

withdrawing a portion of the higher purity alcohol from the alcohol product and spraying the withdrawn portion of the higher purity alcohol product into the fermentation vessel to sterilize the vessel with only said withdrawn portion of higher purity alcohol product;

collecting the withdrawn portion of the higher purity alcohol from the fermentation tank; and

recombining the withdrawn portion with the higher purity alcohol product that was not withdrawn.

16. The process of claim 15, wherein the step of recombining the withdrawn portion with the higher purity alcohol product includes repeating the steps of separating solid fraction from liquid fraction and distilling the liquid fraction.

17. The process of claim 16, wherein the step of recombining the withdrawn portion with the higher purity alcohol product includes the steps of initially leaving the withdrawn portion in the fermentation vessel, adding a second batch of feedstock or substrate, water, and alcohol producing fungi to the fermentation vessel, fermenting the second batch, to produce additional liquid fraction comprising alcohol and water and additional solid fraction, and adding said additional liquid fraction and additional solid fraction along with said withdrawn portion to said steps of separating the solid fraction from the liquid fraction and distilling the liquid fraction.

18. A process for producing alcohol, comprising the steps of:

placing a batch of fermentable feedstock or substrate in a fermentation vessel with water and alcohol producing fungi;

allowing the fungi to ferment the feedstock or substrate to produce a mixture having a liquid fraction comprising alcohol and water and a solid fraction comprising residual solid by-products of the fermentation process;

removing the liquid and solid fractions from the fermentation vessel;

separating the solid fraction from the liquid fraction;

purifying the alcohol in the liquid fraction to a higher purity alcohol/water mixture having a higher alcohol concentration than was produced by the fermentation step;

withdrawing a portion of the higher purity alcohol/water mixture; and

spraying only said withdrawn portion of the higher purity alcohol/water mixture into the fermentation vessel in vapor form to sterilize the fermentation vessel.

19. The process of claim 18, including the step of raising the temperature and pressure of the higher purity alcohol and flash evaporating the higher purity alcohol into the fermentation vessel.

20. The process of claim 19, including the step of simultaneously raising the temperature and purifying the alcohol in the liquid fraction by distiling the alcohol in the liquid fraction.

21. The process of claim 19, including the steps of condensing said evaporated alcohol in said fermentation vessel and recovering the condensed alcohol by removing the condensed alcohol from the fermentation vessel and adding the removed condensed alcohol back into said separating and purifying steps.