Magnetic slurry fueled battery system

• US 5,869,200 A
• Filed: 08/12/1997
• Issued: 02/09/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 08/12/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Sunlase LLC
• Original Assignee: Sunsave, Inc.
• Inventors: Nunnally, William C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Skapars, Anthony
• Application Number:
  US08/909,929
• Time in Patent Office: 546 Days
• Field of Search: 429/10, 429/19, 429/17, 429/15, 429/101, 429/105
• US Class Current: 429/10
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/547 Voltage
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/549 Current
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/64 Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/72 Constructional details of fuel cells specially adapted for electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/80 Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/19 Switching between serial connection and parallel connection of battery modules
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/21 having the same nominal voltage
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4214 Arrangements for moving electrodes or electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/024 Insertable electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/02 Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/225 Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising particulate active material in the form of a suspension, a dispersion, a fluidised bed or a paste
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/40 Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

A battery system and method of operation are shown. The battery system utilizes a microparticle fuel slurry containing microparticle spheres surrounded by active electrochemical material. In the operation of the battery system, the microparticle spheres are attracted to battery-cell electrode plates and held there by a magnetic field. The core of the microparticle spheres and battery-cell electrode plates may be permanently magnetic or ferromagnetic in nature. The magnetic field may originate from permanently magnetic materials or be induced using magnetic field windings or the like. The battery system may be recharged by replacing spent microparticle fuel slurry with unspent slurry. In some applications, such as when used to power an electro-motive vehicle, a reserve of unspent microparticle fuel slurry may be stored on-board the vehicle and used to periodically replace spent microparticle fuel slurry during operation. In such applications, when the on-board storage of unspent fuel slurry has been spent, the battery system may be refueled with a new supply of unspent fuel slurry without interrupting operation of the battery.

Claims

1. An electrochemical battery system comprising:

at least one electrochemical cell container comprising an anode compartment and a cathode compartment separated by an ion permeable membrane;

at least one electrode plate positioned within each of said anode and cathode compartments of said electrochemical cell, each said electrode plate comprising a core that is capable of using a magnetic field to attract ferromagnetic or magnetic materials;

a liquid electrolyte present within each of said anode and cathode compartments, said electrolyte being in contact with each of said electrode plates;

a plurality of microparticle fuel spheres mixed with said electrolyte so as to form a fuel slurry within each of said anode and cathode compartments, said microparticle fuel spheres comprising a core that is capable of interacting with a magnetic field in such a way that said microparticle fuel spheres are attracted to and held near each said electrode plate;

an electrochemical coating bonded to said microparticle fuel spheres located in said cathode compartment, said electrochemical coating comprising a component of a battery electrochemical couple having a higher reduction potential;

an electrochemical coating bonded to said microparticle fuel spheres located in said anode compartment, said electrochemical coating comprising a component of said battery electrochemical couple having a lower reduction potential; and

at least one battery current contact connected to each said electrode plate, each said battery current contact comprised of an electrically conductive material and extending through an exterior wall of each said cathode compartment and anode compartment of each said electrochemical cell.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein each said microparticle sphere is comprised of a ferromagnetic core surrounded by a coating of electrically conductive or insulative material.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein each said electrode plate is comprised of an electrically conductive material that is non-reactive with said electrolyte and can shape, conduct, or generate a magnetic field.

4. The system of claim 2, wherein each said electrode plate is comprised of an electrically conductive material that is non-reactive with said electrolyte;

and further comprising magnetic field windings encircling a portion of each said electrode plate, said magnetic field windings connected to a power source for supplying current to said windings and thereby capable of generating a magnetic field that is capable of being conducted by said electrode plates.

5. The system of claim 3, wherein each electrode plate is comprised of steel.

6. The system of claim 4, further comprising at least one fuel inlet and at least one fuel outlet positioned within said exterior wall of each said cathode and anode compartment of each said electrochemical cell container.

7. The system of claim 4, wherein said magnetic field windings are connected in parallel or series with said battery current contacts of said electrochemical battery system.

8. The system of claim 1, further comprising at least one fuel inlet and at least one fuel outlet positioned within said exterior wall of each said compartment;

and a pumping means for supplying unspent fuel slurry to said fuel inlet of each said compartment and for removing spent fuel slurry from said fuel outlet of each said compartment.

9. The system of claim 8 wherein said electrode plate is comprised of a ferromagnetic core surrounded by a coating of electrically conductive material that is non-reactive with said electrolyte;

and further comprising magnetic field windings encircling a portion of each said electrode plate, said magnetic field windings connected to a power source for supplying current to said windings and thereby capable of generating a magnetic field that is capable of being conducted by said electrode plates.

10. The system of claim 9 wherein said power source is capable of supplying current to said magnetic field windings intermittently.

11. The system of claim 10, further comprising an unspent fuel storage means connected to said fuel inlet and a spent fuel storage means connected to said fuel outlet of each said compartment, said unspent fuel storage means for holding a quantity of unspent fuel slurry capable of being supplied to each said compartment by said pumping means, and said spent fuel storage means for holding a quantity of spent fuel slurry capable of being removed from each said compartment by said pumping means.

12. An electrochemical battery system comprising:

a plurality of electrochemical cell containers comprising an anode compartment and a cathode compartment separated by an ion permeable membrane;

at least one electrode plate positioned within each of said anode and cathode compartments of said electrochemical cells, each said electrode plate comprising a core that is capable of using a magnetic field to attract ferromagnetic or magnetic materials;

a liquid electrolyte present within each of said anode and cathode compartments, said electrolyte being in contact with each of said electrode plates;

a plurality of microparticle fuel spheres mixed with said electrolyte so as to form a fuel slurry within each of said anode and cathode compartments, said microparticle fuel spheres comprising a core that is capable of interacting with a magnetic field in such a way that said microparticle fuel spheres are attracted to and held near each said electrode plate;

an electrochemical coating bonded to said microparticle fuel spheres located in said cathode compartment, said electrochemical coating comprising a component of a battery electrochemical couple having a higher reduction potential;

an electrochemical coating bonded to said microparticle fuel spheres located in said anode compartment, said electrochemical coating comprising a component of said battery electrochemical couple having a lower reduction potential;

at least one battery current contact connected to each said electrode plate, each said battery current contact comprised of an electrically conductive material and extending through an exterior wall of each said cathode compartment and anode compartment of each said electrochemical cell; and

a positive battery output terminal connected in series with at least one said battery current contact extending through said exterior wall of said cathode compartment, and a negative battery output terminal connected in series with at least one said battery current contact extending through said exterior wall of said anode compartment.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein said electrochemical battery system comprises a plurality of electrochemical cell containers connected in series, said electrochemical cell containers being further connected to said battery output terminals.