Method and apparatus for damping ringing in self-driven synchronous rectifiers

• US 5,870,299 A
• Filed: 05/28/1997
• Issued: 02/09/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 05/28/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: General Electric Company
• Original Assignee: Lucent Technologies, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Rozman, Allen Frank
• Primary Examiner(s): BERHANE, ADOLF D
• Application Number:
  US08/858,181
• Time in Patent Office: 622 Days
• Field of Search: 363/15, 363/39, 363/16, 363/44, 363/81, 363/45, 363/84, 363/127, 363/20, 363/21, 363/89
• US Class Current: 363/127
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/38 Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33592 having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

Apparatus and method for eliminating cross conduction of self-driven synchronous rectifiers in power converters caused by non-idealized ringing of parasitic capacitances and inductors. In an exemplary embodiment, the apparatus includes synchronous rectifiers or some hybrid topology having at least one synchronous rectifier coupled to a damping circuit having at least one switching device. The switching device is activated (ON) at a time when at least one of the synchronous rectifiers is supposed to remain inactive (OFF). Accordingly, when the switching device is ON, the device effectively dampens any ringing present at the synchronous rectifier that may cause the rectifier to inappropriately transition ON. The damping circuit of the present invention utilizes the same signals present to control the synchronous rectifier(s) and requires no additional control circuitry. Additionally, the damping circuit dramatically improves the efficiency of self synchronous power converters and is topology independent.

Claims

1. A method of damping unwanted ringing in self-driven synchronous rectifiers including first and second self-driven synchronous devices each having respective activation terminals, comprising:

(a) activating a first switching device to dampen any unwanted ringing on said activation terminal of said second self-driven synchronous device at a first time when said first self-driven synchronous device is active and said second self-driven synchronous device is inactive; and

(b) activating said second self-driven synchronous device at a second time when said first self-driven synchronous device is inactive.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising activating a second switching device to dampen any unwanted ringing on said activation terminal of said first self-driven synchronous device at said second time when said first self-driven synchronous device is inactive.

3. The method of claims 1 and 2 wherein said first and second switching devices are transistors.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein said first and second switching devices are MOSFETs.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein said first and second self-driven synchronous devices are transistors.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein said first and second self-driven synchronous devices are MOSFET devices.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein said second self-driven synchronous device is dampened by shorting said activation terminal of said second self-driven synchronous rectifier when said first switching device conducts.

8. The method of claim 2 wherein said self-driven synchronous device is dampened by shorting said activation terminal of said first self-driven synchronous when said second switching device conducts.

9. A power converter with improved efficiency and dampened ringing, comprising:

self-driven synchronous rectifiers comprising first and second self-driven synchronous devices each having respective activation terminals; and

a switching device, coupled to said self-driven synchronous rectifiers, activated at a time when said first self-driven synchronous device is active and said second self-driven synchronous device is inactive to dampen any unwanted ringing on said activation terminal of said second self-driven synchronous device.

10. The power converter of claim 9 further comprising:

a second switching device, coupled to said self-driven synchronous rectifiers, activated at a time when said second self-driven synchronous device is active and said first self-driven synchronous device is inactive to dampen any unwanted ringing on said activation terminal of said first self-driven synchronous device.

11. The power converter of claims 9 and 10 wherein said switching devices are transistors.

12. The power converter of claims 9 and 10 wherein said switching devices are MOSFETs.

13. The power converter of claim 9 wherein said first and second self-driven synchronous devices are transistors.

14. The power converter of claim 9 wherein said first and second self-driven synchronous devices are MOSFETs.

15. The power converter of claim 9 wherein said second self-driven synchronous device is dampened by shorting said activation terminal of said second self-driven synchronous rectifier when said switching device conducts.

16. The power converter of claim 10 wherein said first self-driven synchronous device is dampened by shorting said activation terminal of said first self-driven synchronous when said second switching device conducts.

17. A circuit for damping unwanted ringing in self-driven synchronous rectifiers, comprising:

self-driven synchronous rectifiers comprising first and second self-driven synchronous rectifiers each having respective gate terminals; and

means, coupled to said self-driven synchronous rectifiers, for conducting at a time when said first self-driven synchronous rectifier is active and said second self-driven synchronous rectifier is inactive to dampen any unwanted ringing on said gate terminal of said second self-driven synchronous device.

18. The circuit of claim 17 further comprising second means, coupled to said self-driven synchronous rectifiers, for conducting at a time when said second self-driven synchronous rectifier is active and said first self-driven synchronous rectifier is inactive to dampen any unwanted ringing on said gate terminal of said first self-driven synchronous device.

19. The circuit of claim 17 wherein said first and second self-driven synchronous rectifiers are cross connected.

20. The circuit of claim 18 wherein said means and second means are switching devices having activation terminals, said activation terminal of said means connected directly to said activation terminal of said first self-driven synchronous rectifier and said activation terminal of said second means connected directly to said activation terminal of said second self-driven synchronous rectifier.

21. A power converter, comprising:

a primary side power circuit for receiving an input voltage;

a secondary side power circuit, coupled to said primary side power circuit, for supplying an output voltage, comprising;

first and second synchronous rectifiers each having a source, drain and gate, said first and second synchronous rectifiers are coupled together such that said drain of said first synchronous rectifier is coupled to said gate of said second synchronous rectifier and said drain of said second synchronous rectifier is coupled to said gate of said first synchronous rectifier; and

a damping drive circuit coupled to said first and second synchronous rectifiers comprising;

first and second switches, each having a source, drain and gate, said first and second switches are coupled together, such that said drain of said first switch is coupled to said gate of said second switch and said drain of said second switch is coupled to said gate of said first switch, wherein said first switch is active when said first synchronous rectifier is active and said second switch is active when said second synchronous rectifier is active.