Electronic method for controlling charged particles to obtain optimum electrokinetic behavior
First Claim
1. In a physical process, an improved method for controlling electrokinetic behavior of charged particles that comprises the following:
- waveform generating means to produce a waveform of predetermined amplitude, frequency, waveshape, damping factor, and duty cycle;
power source means for producing sufficient energy;
injection means to combine said waveform with said energy to produce an electromotive force;
applying said electromotive force to said process;
control means to repeat above steps until a preselected parameter is achieved;
whereby said electrokinetic behavior of said charged particles is substantially matched to said process'"'"' natural electrical response and physical characteristics.
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Abstract
An electronic method is described whereby the applied electromotive force optimizes the electrokinetic behavior of charged particles to match closely the natural electrical response and physical structure of the system. The method shapes the electromotive force'"'"'s amplitude and frequency to normalize the relative interactions between the charged particles and the physical structure. An injection means (1) allows this method to be applied to a broad base of physical, biological, and electrochemical processes that depend on the electrokinetic behavior of charged particles. The method can effectively utilize the reactive energy or amplification occurring at natural system resonance to enhance the performance of the system without an increase in the applied power. In an electrochemical process the method provides an optimized mass transport perturbation, including the electrical double layer, that is perpendicular to the electrodes. Further, a battery module (52) is disclosed using this method to control and improve performance in electrolytic, galvanic, and storage modes of operation. Advantages of this method include less energy consumption, better material utilization, tighter process control, simpler circuitry, lower cost, longer operational life, and higher process throughput.
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Citations
26 Claims
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1. In a physical process, an improved method for controlling electrokinetic behavior of charged particles that comprises the following:
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waveform generating means to produce a waveform of predetermined amplitude, frequency, waveshape, damping factor, and duty cycle; power source means for producing sufficient energy; injection means to combine said waveform with said energy to produce an electromotive force; applying said electromotive force to said process; control means to repeat above steps until a preselected parameter is achieved; whereby said electrokinetic behavior of said charged particles is substantially matched to said process'"'"' natural electrical response and physical characteristics. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16)
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17. An apparatus for improved control of electrokinetic behavior of charged particles in a physical process, that comprises:
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waveform generating means to produce a waveform of predetermined amplitude, frequency, waveshape, damping factor, and duty cycle; power source means for producing sufficient energy; injection means to; combine said waveform with said energy to produce an electromotive force; apply said electromotive force to said process; control means to repeat above steps until a preselected parameter is achieved; whereby said electrokinetic behavior of said charged particles is substantially matched to said process'"'"' natural electrical response and physical characteristics. - View Dependent Claims (18, 19, 20, 21, 22)
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23. An integral battery module apparatus that comprises:
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a battery with at least one cell; switching means to control current flowing into said module from external power source and out of said module from said battery to external load; waveform generating means to produce a waveform of predetermined amplitude, frequency, waveshape, damping factor, and duty cycle; injection means to; combine said waveform with said current to produce an electromotive force; apply said electromotive force to said battery; control means to; monitor said battery; adjust said waveform generator to sufficiently change said waveform to substantially optimize said electromotive force based on changing condition of said battery; and said changing condition includes at least one parameter from the group of voltage, current, impedance, temperature, pressure, and ion activity; select said switching means to control galvanic, electrolytic, and storage modes of said battery; repeat above steps until a preselected parameter is achieved; whereby said module is packaged as a single functional unit that is substantially said battery'"'"'s functionality and size; and
further the electrokinetic behavior is optimized in the galvanic, electrolytic, and storage modes. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25, 26)
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Specification