Film of iron (III) hexacyanoferrate (II) and process of synthesizing same

• US 5,876,581 A
• Filed: 05/22/1995
• Issued: 03/02/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 10/02/1981
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Seiko Instruments Incorporated (Seiko Group)
• Original Assignee: Seiko Instruments Incorporated (Seiko Group)
• Inventors: Itaya, Kingo, Toshima, Shinobu, Shibayama, Kimio, Ataka, Tatsuaki, Iwasa, Koji
• Primary Examiner(s): TUNG, TA HSUNG
• Application Number:
  US08/445,874
• Time in Patent Office: 1,380 Days
• Field of Search: 204/91, 205/316, 205/57, 205/66, 205/479, 205/491
• US Class Current: 205/316
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2006/40 Electric properties
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2006/60 Optical properties, e.g. expressed in CIELAB-values
• CPC Class Codes: C25D 9/08 by cathodic processes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/36 Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/0438 by electrochemical processing electroless electrochemical plating C23C18/54
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/0452 from solutions
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/58 of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A process for synthesizing iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) as a blue insoluble product on the surface of a working electrode is disclosed which comprises immersing a pair of electrodes in a solution mixture of an iron(III) ion-containing solution and a hexacyanoferrate(III) ion-containing solution and effecting electrolysis with one of the electrodes as an anode and the other as a cathode, whereby iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) is deposited on the surface of the cathode.

Claims

1. A process for synthesizing iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) comprising the steps of:

preparing a solution containing a Fe(III)Fe(III)(CN)₆ complex by mixing a Fe(III) ion-containing solution and a Fe(III)(CN)₆ !^3- ion-containing solution;

immersing a pair of electrodes in said solution; and

electrolytically reducing said Fe(III)Fe(III)(CN)₆ complex by effecting electrolysis with one of said pair of electrodes being an anode and the other being a cathode under conditions such that the polarization potential of the cathode is kept between -0.2 volts and +0.8 volts with respect to a saturated calomel electrode to deposit iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) as a film of three-dimensional complex on the surface of the cathode.

2. A process for synthesizing iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) as set forth in claim 1 wherein electrolysis is effected by a galvanostatic electrolytic method and wherein a constant current is supplied between the electrodes such that the polarization potential of the cathode is kept between -0.2 volts and +0.8 volts.

3. A process for synthesizing iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) as set forth in claim 2 wherein the electrolytic current density is constant between 1 μ

A/cm² and 1 mA/cm² in terms of the surface area of the cathode electrode of said pair of electrodes.

4. A process for synthesizing iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) as set forth in claim 1 wherein the cathode of said pair of electrodes is a solid body which is electronically conductive or semi-conductive at least at the surface and wherein at least the surface of the cathode is composed of a substance selected from the group consisting of an inert metal, electronically conducting metal oxide, electronically semi-conducting metal oxide, conductive plastic material and carbon.

5. A process for synthesizing iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) as set forth in claim 1 wherein said cathode is composed substantially of a solid substance selected from the group consisting of inert metal, electronically conducting metal oxide, electronically semi-conducting metal oxide, conductive resin and carbon or said cathode is composed of a non-conductive solid material including ceramic, glass and synthetic resin, which is coated on the surface with a layer including at least one substance selected from the group consisting of an inert metal, carbon, and electronically conductive or semi-conductive metal oxide to provide an electronically conductive or semi-conductive surface.

6. A process for synthesizing iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) as set forth in claim 1 wherein the hexacyanoferrate(III) ion-containing solution is a solution having at least one hexacyanoferrate(III) compound dissolved therein which is selected from the group consisting of potassium hexacyanoferrate(III), sodium hexacyanoferrate(III), lithium hexacyanoferrate(III), rubidium hexacyanoferrate(III) and ammonium hexacyanoferrate(III).

7. A process for synthesizing iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) as set forth in claim 1 wherein the electrolysis is effected by a potentiostatic electrolytic method in which a reference electrode for determining a reference for electrolytic potential is immersed in the solution containing Fe(III)Fe(III)(CN)₆ as well as said pair of electrodes, and wherein the electrode potential of the cathode of said pair of electrodes is controlled so as to be a constant potential in the range between -0.2 V and +0.8 V with respect to the reference electrode when the reference electrode is a saturated calomel electrode.

8. A process for synthesizing iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) as set forth in claim 1, wherein electrolysis is effected by a galvanostatic electrolytic method comprising immersing a pair of electrodes in said solution mixture of the iron(III) ion-containing solution, and the hexacyanoferrate(III) ion-containing solution, and supplying between the electrodes a constant current such that the polarization potential of the cathode does not rapidly vary to the negative side and is kept substantially at a constant potential during electrolysis, wherein the electrolytic current density is constant between 1 μ

A/cm² and 1 mA/cm² in terms of the surface area of the cathode electrode of said pair of electrodes.

11. A process for synthesizing iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) as set forth in claim 1 or 9 wherein said Fe(III) ion-containing solution contains an iron(III) salt of an inorganic acid selected from the group consisting of iron(III) chloride, iron(III) sulfate, iron(III) perchlorate, iron(III) nitrate, iron(III) phosphate, and iron(III) pyrophosphate;

an iron(III) salt of an organic acid selected from the group consisting of iron(III) oxalate, iron(III) acetate, iron(III) citrate, iron(III) lactate, and iron(III) tartrate;

or an iron(III) ammonium salt selected from the group consisting of iron(III) ammonium sulfate, iron(III) ammonium oxalate and iron(III) ammonium citrate.

12. A process for synthesizing, iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) as set forth in claim 1 or 9 wherein the solution mixture of the iron(III) ion-containing solution and the hexacyano-ferrate(III) ion-containing solution contains as a supporting electrolyte at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an inorganic or organic acid;

a metal salt of an inorganic or organic acid and an ammonium salt or tetraalkyl ammonium salt of an inorganic or organic acid.

13. A process for synthesizing iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) as set forth in claim 12 wherein said supporting electrolyte is dissolved in a solution mixture containing at least 5 millimoles/liter of both the iron(III) ion and hexacyanoferrate(III) ion and wherein the pH of said solution mixture is adjusted within the range of 0.3 to 5.

14. A process for synthesizing iron(III), hexacyanoferrate(II) as set forth in claim 12 wherein said inorganic and organic acids are selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, perchloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, hexafluorophosphoric acid, boric acid, tetrafluoroboric acid,carbonic acid,oxalic acid,acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid and phthalic acid and said metal salt of inorganic and organic acids is selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, calcium and magnesium salt of said acids.

15. A process for synthesizing iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) as set forth in claim 1 or 9 wherein the iron(III) ion-containing solution used is an aqueous solution containing iron(III) ion at a concentration of not less than 10 millimoles/liter, the hexacyanoferrate(III) ion-containing solution is an aqueous solution containing hexacyanoferrate(III) ion at a concentration of not less than 10 millimoles/liter, and the iron(III) ion-containing solution is mixed with the hexacyanoferrate(III) ion-containing solution to form a solution mixture in which the iron(III) ion and the hexacyanoferrate(III) ion are both adjusted to concentrations of at least 5 millimoles/liter.

9. A process for synthesizing iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) comprising the steps of:

immersing a pair of electrodes in a solution mixture of an iron(III) ion-containing solution and a hexacyanoferrate(III) ion-containing solution, effecting electrolysis with one of said pair of electrodes being an anode and the other being a cathode, and maintaining the polarization potential of the cathode between -0.2 volts and +0.8 volts with respect to a saturated calomel electrode to deposit iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) as a blue electrolytic product on the surface of the cathode.

10. A process for synthesizing iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) as set forth in claim 9 wherein electrolysis is effected by a galvanostatic electrolytic method of supplying between the pair of electrodes a constant current such that the polarization potential of the cathode is kept between -0.2 and +0.8 volts.