Apparatus and method for mitigating multipath

• US 5,877,721 A
• Filed: 02/20/1998
• Issued: 03/02/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 02/20/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Northrop Grumman Corporation
• Original Assignee: Northrop Grumman Corporation
• Inventors: Tsang, Shiu Ming, Salvatore, Gerald P. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Pihulic, Daniel T.
• Application Number:
  US09/027,428
• Time in Patent Office: 375 Days
• Field of Search: 342/36, 342/148, 342/40, 342/159, 342/146, 342/37-39, 701/223
• US Class Current: 342/36
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/726 Multiple target tracking
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/91 for traffic control G01S13/93 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 2013/916 Airport surface monitoring [ASDE]
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/292 Extracting wanted echo-signals

Abstract

An apparatus and method for discriminating between false images created by multipath and an aircraft of interest in an air traffic control environment by maintaining a three-dimensional database in the area of interest of the air traffic control environment, the three-dimensional database including a position of a radar radiation source, three-dimensional positions, orientations, and sizes of fixed reflectors and three-dimensional positions, orientations, and sizes of non-fixed reflectors; receiving return radar radiation from an unknown object; classifying the unknown object as an aircraft of interest if the return radiation from the unknown object correlates with previous returns; and classifying the unknown object by searching for a plurality of candidate reflectors and if a sum of the distances between the plurality of candidate reflectors is approximately equal to a distance between the unknown object and the radar radiation source, classifying the unknown object as a false image created by multipath.

Claims

1. An apparatus for discriminating between false images created by multipath and an aircraft of interest in an air traffic control environment, comprising:

an incursion and display processor maintaining a three-dimensional database in the area of interest of the air traffic control environment, the three-dimensional database including a position of a radar radiation source, three-dimensional positions, orientations, and sizes of fixed reflectors and three-dimensional positions, orientations, and sizes of non-fixed reflectors;

receiving return radar radiation from an unknown object;

classifying the unknown object as an aircraft of interest if the return radiation from the unknown object correlates with previous returns; and

classifying the unknown object by searching for a plurality of candidate reflectors and if a sum of the distances between the plurality of candidate reflectors is approximately equal to a distance between the unknown object and a radiation source, classifying the unknown object as a false image created by multipath.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the return radiation from the unknown object correlates with previous returns, as determined by a tracker.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, said incursion and display processor further classifying the unknown object as a false image created by multipath if a size of the unknown object is greater than a size of any of the plurality of candidate reflectors multiplied by a sensor spreading constant.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, said incursion and display processor further applying a probability function to the return radiation from the unknown object and classifying the unknown object as a false image created by multipath if a sum of probabilities of all of the plurality of candidate reflectors is below a predefined threshold.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the probability function assumes most of the return radar radiation from the unknown object is reflected along an expected angle of reflection.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, said incursion and display processor further classifying the unknown object as an aircraft of interest if the return radiation from the unknown object correlates with previous returns from another sensor.

7. The apparatus of claim 3, said incursion and display processor further

determining whether a first of the plurality of candidate reflectors exists, based on size, and

determining whether a second of the plurality of candidate reflectors exists, based on size and probability.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, said incursion and display processor further

determining an azimuth difference between an azimuth of the unknown object with respect to the radar radiation source and an azimuth of the first of the plurality of candidate reflectors with respect to the radar radiation source, and

determining that the first of the plurality of candidate reflectors exists if the azimuth difference in said step f1a) is less than or equal to two times an azimuth extent of the first of the plurality of candidate reflectors.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, said incursion and display processor further

receiving a position of the first of the plurality of candidate reflectors in an absolute coordinate system, the azimuth of the first of the plurality of candidate reflectors with respect to the radar radiation source, a remaining range to the unknown object, an accumulated azimuth extent, an accumulated size, a distance from the first of the plurality of candidate reflectors to the radar radiation source, the azimuth difference from said step f1a), and an initial probability of reflection, and

determining that the second of the plurality of candidate reflectors exists if

1.0-e.sup.(-0.9D) is less than the probability threshold, where D is a difference between a previous reflector angle and an angle of the second of the plurality of candidate reflectors with respect to the first of the plurality of candidate reflectors,

one half of a sum of the accumulated size plus the size of the second of the plurality of candidate reflectors must be greater than an absolute value of a difference between a distance between the first of the plurality of candidate reflectors and the second of the plurality of candidate reflectors and the remaining range plus one half of the possible multipath size, and

one half of a sum of the accumulated azimuth extent and the azimuth extent must be greater than the azimuth difference plus one half of the possible multipath azimuth extent.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein if either the conditions of said steps f2b2) and f2b3) are not met and the distance from the first of the plurality of candidate reflectors to the second of the plurality of candidate reflectors is less than the remaining range, then said step f2) is recursively repeated to determine whether the second of the plurality of candidate reflectors exists.

11. A method for discriminating between false images created by multipath and aircraft of interest in an air traffic control environment, comprising the steps of:

a) maintaining a three-dimensional database in the area of interest of the air traffic control environment, the three-dimensional database including a position of a radar radiation source, three-dimensional positions, orientations, and sizes of fixed reflectors and three-dimensional positions, orientations, and sizes of non-fixed reflectors;

b) emitting radar radiation from the radar radiation source;

c) receiving return radar radiation from an unknown object;

d) classifying the unknown object as an aircraft of interest if the return radiation from the unknown object correlates with previous returns; and

e) classifying the unknown object by searching for a plurality of candidate reflectors and if a sum of the distances between the plurality of candidate reflectors is approximately equal to a distance between the unknown object and the radar radiation source, classifying the unknown object as a false image created by multipath.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein in step d), the return radiation from the unknown object correlates with previous returns, as determined by a tracker.

13. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of:

f) classifying the unknown object as a false image created by multipath if a size of the unknown object is greater than a size of any of the plurality of candidate reflectors multiplied by a sensor spreading constant.

14. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of:

f) applying a probability function to the return radiation from the unknown object and classifying the unknown object as a false image created by multipath if a sum of probabilities of all of the plurality of candidate reflectors is below a predefined threshold.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the probability function assumes most of the return radar radiation from the unknown object is reflected along an expected angle of reflection.

16. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of:

f) classifying the unknown object as an aircraft of interest if the return radiation from the unknown object correlates with previous returns from another sensor.

17. The method of claim 13, said step f) further including the sub-steps of:

f1) determining whether a first of the plurality of candidate reflectors exists, based on size, and

f2) determining whether a second of the plurality of candidate reflectors exists, based on size and probability.

18. The method of claim 17, said step f1) further including the sub-steps of:

f1a) determining an azimuth difference between an azimuth of the unknown object with respect to the radar radiation source and an azimuth of the first of the plurality of candidate reflectors with respect to the radar radiation source, and

f2a) determining that the first of the plurality of candidate reflectors exists if the azimuth difference in said step f1a) is less than or equal to two times an azimuth extent of the first of the plurality of candidate reflectors.

19. The method of claim 18, said step f2) further including the sub-steps of:

f2a) inputting a position of the first of the plurality of candidate reflectors in an absolute coordinate system, the azimuth of the first of the plurality of candidate reflectors with respect to the radar radiation source, a remaining range to the unknown object, an accumulated azimuth extent, an accumulated size, a distance from the first of the plurality of candidate reflectors to the radar radiation source, the azimuth difference from said step f1a), and an initial probability of reflection, and

f2b) determining that the second of the plurality of candidate reflectors exists if

f2b1) 1.0-e.sup.(-0.9D) is less than the probability threshold, where D is a difference between a previous reflector angle and an angle of the second of the plurality of candidate reflectors with respect to the first of the plurality of candidate reflectors,

f2b2) one half of a sum of the accumulated size plus the size of the second of the plurality of candidate reflectors is greater than an absolute value of a difference between

a distance between the first of the plurality of candidate reflectors and the second of the plurality of candidate reflectors

and the remaining range plus one half of the possible multipath size, and

f2b3) one half of a sum of the accumulated azimuth extent and the azimuth extent must be greater than the azimuth difference in said step f1a) plus one half of the possible multipath azimuth extent.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein if either the conditions of said steps f2b2) and f2b3) are not met and the distance from the first of the plurality of candidate reflectors to the second of the plurality of candidate reflectors is less than the remaining range, then said step f2) is recursively repeated to determine whether the second of the plurality of candidate reflectors exists.