Optical fibre with quantum dots

• US 5,881,200 A
• Filed: 03/20/1997
• Issued: 03/09/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 09/29/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: IPG Photonics Corporation
• Original Assignee: British Telecommunications PLC (BT Group PLC)
• Inventors: Burt, Michael Graham
• Primary Examiner(s): Lee, John D.
• Assistant Examiner(s): KIM, ELLEN E
• Application Number:
  US08/809,179
• Time in Patent Office: 719 Days
• Field of Search: 385/123, 385/141, 385/142, 385/143, 385/125, 372/39
• US Class Current: 385/142
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 10/00 Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 20/00 Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
• CPC Class Codes: C03C 13/04 Fibre optics, e.g. core and clad fibre compositions light guides G02B6/00
• CPC Class Codes: C03C 13/046 Multicomponent glass compositions
• CPC Class Codes: C03C 14/006 the non-glass component being in the form of microcrystallites, e.g. of optically or electrically active material
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/0229 characterised by nanostructures, i.e. structures of size less than 100 nm, e.g. quantum dots
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/02385 Comprising liquid, e.g. fluid filled holes
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/032 with non solid core or cladding G02B6/02295 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/1225 comprising photonic band-gap structures or photonic lattices
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/01791 Quantum boxes or quantum dots
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/365 in an optical waveguide structure G02F1/377, G02F1/395 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/06708 Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering optical fibres as passive waveguides G02B6/02
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/169 Nanoparticles, e.g. doped nanoparticles acting as a gain material
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/30 Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/3412 quantum box or quantum dash
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/773 Nanoparticle, i.e. structure having three dimensions of 100 nm or less
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/774 Exhibiting three-dimensional carrier confinement, e.g. quantum dots
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/815 Group III-V based compounds, e.g. AlaGabIncNxPyAsz
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/824 Group II-VI nonoxide compounds, e.g. CdxMnyTe
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/888 Shaping or removal of materials, e.g. etching

Abstract

An optical fiber includes a tubular glass cladding with a central opening filled with a colloidal solution of quantum dots in a support medium. The quantum dots may be caused to produce luminescence in response to input optical radiation, for example to produce optical amplification or laser radiation. A waveguide with an active medium comprising colloidal quantum dots is provided.

Claims

1. An optical fibre with a light guiding region characterised by a colloid of quantum dots in a non-solid host therein.

2. An optical fibre as in claim 1 wherein the material of the quantum dots is a III-V, II-VI or I-VII material or an alloy thereof.

3. An optical fibre as in claim 1 wherein the material of the quantum dots is selected from CdS, CdSe, PbS, ZnS, ZnO, TiO₂, AgI, AgBr, HgI₂, PbSe, ZnTe, CdTe, In₂ S₃, In₂ Se₃, Cd₃ P₂, Cd₃ As₂ and GaAs.

4. An optical fibre as in claim 1 wherein the dots have a diameter range of 1-50 nm.

5. An optical fibre as in claim 1 wherein the dots have a diameter range of 1-20 nm.

6. An optical fibre as in claim 1 wherein the quantum dots have a diameter range of 1.3-2.0 nm.

7. An optical fibre as in claim 1 wherein the quantum dots have a diameter range of 5-10 nm and are formed of PbS material.

8. An optical fibre as in claim 1 wherein the colloid includes a non-vitreous support medium in which the dots are dispersed.

9. An optical fibre as in claim 8 wherein the support medium comprises an organic liquid.

10. An optical fibre as in claim 1 wherein the support medium is selected from dichlorobenzene, toulene, benzene, nitrobenzene, pyridene and carbon tetrachloride.

11. An optical fibre as in claim 1 wherein the quantum dots are formed from a first semiconductor material coated with a second different semiconductor material.

12. An optical fibre as in claim 1 incorporated in an optical amplifier.

13. An optical fibre as in claim 1 also including:

pumping means for optically pumping the fibre, and input means for applying input signals to be amplified to the fibre.

14. An optical fibre as in claim 1 and operative as a wavelength converter.

15. An optical fibre as in claim 1 wherein:

the fibre includes a core and a cladding, and the colloid of quantum dots forms at least a part of the core.

16. An optical fibre as in claim 15 wherein the cladding is made of glass.

17. A method of making an optical fibre as described in claim 16, said method including causing the colloid of quantum dots to enter the opening at least in part by capillary action.

18. A method as in claim 17, including applying negative pressure to one end of the fibre to assist in drawing the colloid therein.

19. An optical fibre as in claim 15 wherein the cladding is tubular and includes an opening filled with the colloid.

20. A method of making an optical fibre as described in claim 1 wherein said method includes formation of the quantum dots initially by precipitation from a salt solution.

21. A method as in claim 20 wherein the precipitated dots are dried and then dispersed in the support medium.

22. A waveguide that includes an optical active component that comprises a colloid of quantum dots in a non-solid host.

23. A waveguide as in claim 22 included in a laser resonant cavity.

24. A waveguide as in claim 22 including a channel in a substrate that contains said colloid of quantum dots.

25. An optical fibre characterized by a colloid of quantum dots in a non-solid host therein.

26. An optical fibre amplifier comprising:

an optical fibre having a light-guiding region including a bore, and a cladding region surrounding the light-guiding region, the bore containing a colloid of quantum dots in a liquid host; and

an optical pump source optically coupled to the optical fibre to provide optical pump radiation to produce a population inversion in said quantum dots so as to provide optical gain.

27. An optical fibre amplifier as in claim 26, wherein the quantum dots comprise a telluride material.

28. An optical fibre amplifier as in claim 27, wherein the quantum dots include cadmium.

29. An optical fibre amplifier as in claim 28, wherein the quantum dots have a diameter range of 5-10 nm.

30. An optical fibre amplifier as in claim 27, wherein the quantum dots have a diameter range of 5-10 nm.

31. An optical fibre amplifier comprising:

an optical fibre having a longitudinally extending bore and a cladding region surrounding the bore, the bore containing a colloidal solution of quantum dots in an organic liquid, the quantum dots comprising a telluride material;

an input port to receive optical signals to be amplified;

an optical pump source optically coupled to the optical fibre to provide optical pump radiation to produce a population inversion in said quantum dots to provide optical gain; and

an output port for the emission of said optical signals after amplification.

32. An optical amplifier as in claim 31 wherein the organic liquid comprises pyridene.

33. An optical fibre comprising:

an elongated light-guiding cladding layer defining a light-guiding region therewithin; and

said light-guiding region including a liquid colloid of quantum dots.

34. An optical amplifier comprising an optical fibre as in claim 33, said amplifier further comprising:

an optical signal input port optically coupled to said liquid colloid at a first location in the fibre;

an optical pump source optically coupled to said liquid colloid; and

an amplified optical signal output port optically coupled to said liquid colloid at a second location in the fibre optically downstream from said input port.

35. A laser comprising an optical fibre as in claim 33 wherein:

said optical fibre is included as part of a resonant optical cavity having optical feedback directed through said liquid colloid.